MyMedR

A total of 9599 isolates of Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) causing urinary tract infections (UTIs) were collected from 60 centres in 13 countries in the Asia-Pacific region from 2010-2013. These isolates comprised Enterobacteriaceae species (mainly Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella oxytoca, Enterobacter cloacae and Morganella morganii) and non-fermentative GNB species (predominantly Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii). In vitro susceptibilities were determined by the agar dilution method and susceptibility profiles were determined using the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) interpretive breakpoints recommended by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute in 2015. Production of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) amongst E. coli, K. pneumoniae, P. mirabilis and K. oxytoca isolates was determined by the double-disk synergy test. China, Vietnam, India, Thailand and the Philippines had the highest rates of GNB species producing ESBLs and the highest rates of cephalosporin resistance. ESBL production and hospital-acquired infection (isolates obtained ≥48h after admission) significantly compromised the susceptibility of isolates of E. coli and K. pneumoniae to ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin and most β-lactams, with the exception of imipenem and ertapenem. However, >87% of ESBL-producing E. coli strains were susceptible to amikacin and piperacillin/tazobactam, indicating that these antibiotics might be appropriate alternatives for treating UTIs due to ESBL-producing E. coli. Fluoroquinolones were shown to be inappropriate as empirical therapy for UTIs. Antibiotic resistance is a serious problem in the Asia-Pacific region. Therefore, continuous monitoring of evolutionary trends in the susceptibility profiles of GNB causing UTIs in Asia is crucial.

Matched MeSH terms: Urinary Tract Infections*

Commentary on Nyman MH, Johansson JE, Persson K & Gustafsson M (2011) A prospective study of nosocomial urinary tract infection in hip fracture patients. Journal Clinical Nursing 20, 2531-2539

Ho CC, Nor A'tikah T

J Clin Nurs, 2012 Feb;21(3-4):597.

PMID: 22221276 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2011.03978.x

Matched MeSH terms: Urinary Tract Infections/complications*

Fulltext Bacterial pathogens and antibiotic resistance patterns in children with urinary tract infection in a Malaysian tertiary hospital

Noor Shafina MN, Nor Azizah A, Mohammad AR, Faisal MF, Mohamad Ikhsan S, Hafizah Z, et al.

Med J Malaysia, 2015 Jun;70(3):153-7.

PMID: 26248777 MyJurnal

INTRODUCTION: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common bacterial infection affecting children and therefore, prompt recognition and accurate antimicrobial management are vital to prevent kidney damage. This study aims to determine the bacterial pathogens and their patterns of antimicrobial resistance in children presenting with UTI.
METHODS: A retrospective study of 721 cases, involving children between the ages of 1-day old to 13 years old with culture-proven UTI in Selayang Hospital, Malaysia between January 2007 and December 2011. The bacterial pathogens and antibiotic resistance patterns in the total population, prophylaxis and no prophylaxis groups were studied.
RESULTS: The 3 most common organisms isolated in the total population were E.Coli (41.6%), Klebsiella spp. (21.2%) and Enterococcus spp. (11.0%). With regards to the antibiotic resistance, E.Coli resistance rates to ampicillin, cefuroxime and gentamicin were 67.7%, 15.3% and 7.3% respectively. Ampicillin-resistance was also highest in Klebsiella spp. (84.3%), Enterococcus spp. (15.5%) and Proteus spp. (55.5%).
CONCLUSION: E.coli remains to be the leading bacterial pathogen causing UTI in children, with ampicillin-resistance occurring in more than half of these cases. Therefore, accurate choice of antibiotics is important to ensure optimal outcome. In our study, cefuroxime and gentamicin have lower antibiotic resistance rates and can be used in the treatment of UTI in children.

Matched MeSH terms: Urinary Tract Infections*

Radiological imaging of urinary tract infection in Malaysian children--a private hospital experience

Cheung HS

Australas Radiol, 1992 Feb;36(1):23-6.

PMID: 1632740

The results of radiological investigations performed on 81 children with urinary tract infection (UTI) were reviewed. Investigations included 91 voiding cystourethrograms (VCU), 59 intravenous urograms (IVU) and 36 ultrasonograms (US). The aim was to study the local spectrum of renal tract abnormalities in childhood UTI and to compare the diagnostic yield of combining US and VCU against IVU and VCU. Renal tract abnormalities were detected in 37%. Vesico-ureteric reflux (VUR) was the commonest, detected in 26%, with renal scarring found in 9% of refluxing units. Ultrasound should replace IVU in the initial diagnostic work-up of these children.

Matched MeSH terms: Urinary Tract Infections/radiography*

Fulltext Candida albicans renal abscesses predisposed by staghorn calculi

Chang CY

Rev Soc Bras Med Trop, 2023;56:e04212023.

PMID: 37851830 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0421-2023

Matched MeSH terms: Urinary Tract Infections*

Normal postvoid residual urine in healthy adults

Lim LY, Yang SS

Neurourol Urodyn, 2024 Jan;43(1):81-87.

PMID: 37767698 DOI: 10.1002/nau.25294

OBJECTIVE: To establish a normal reference value of postvoid residual (PVR) urine volume in "healthy" adults.

METHODS: Adults were recruited to undergo uroflowmetry and PVR. Those with neurological disorders, malignancy, diabetes, known lower urinary tract dysfunction, and urinary tract infection within the previous 3 months, were excluded from the study. Constipation was defined as Rome IV ≥ 2.

RESULTS: Of the 883 adults enrolled in this study, 194 (22.3%) did not complete the questionnaires or perform the uroflowmetry, 103 (11.7%) met ≥1 exclusion criteria and thus were excluded. In addition, 30 and 38 uroflowmetry were excluded due to artifacts and low bladder volume (BV) (<100 mL), respectively. Finally, 515 uroflowmetry and PVR data from adults aged 36-89 (mean: 59.0 ± 9.5) were examined. There was a significant nonlinear relationship between BV and PVR (p

Matched MeSH terms: Urinary Tract Infections*

Urinary tract infection in adults

Wang F

Family Practitioner, 1983;6:23-26.

Matched MeSH terms: Urinary Tract Infections

Surgical treatment of urinary tract infection in the male

Yong SL

Family Practitioner, 1974;1(3):19-20.

Matched MeSH terms: Urinary Tract Infections

The treatment of urinary tract infections in europeans by a ketogenic diet

Johnson PD

Malayan Medical Journal, 1934;9:22-31.

Matched MeSH terms: Urinary Tract Infections

Fulltext Ertapenem for multiple β-lactamases producing Gram-negative bacteria causing urinary tract infections in HIV patients

Kumar MRR, Arunagirinathan N, Vignesh R, Balakrishnan P, Solomon S, Sunil SS

J Res Med Sci, 2017;22:69.

PMID: 28616056 DOI: 10.4103/jrms.JRMS_884_16

Matched MeSH terms: Urinary Tract Infections

Fulltext Antimicrobial susceptibility of community-acquired uropathogens in general practice

Keah SH, Wee EC, Ch'ng KS, Keah KC

Malays Fam Physician, 2007;2(2):64-9.

PMID: 25606083 MyJurnal

Antibiotic resistance of urinary tract pathogens has increased worldwide. The purpose of this study is to provide information regarding local resistance pattern of urinary pathogens to the commonly used antibiotics. One hundred and seventeen cases of community-acquired urinary tract infections were studied. The most common group of patients was the uncomplicated acute cystitis in women. E. coli was the most common isolate. Overall, antimicrobial susceptibility test on the organisms isolated showed a resistance of 63.0% to ampicillin, 40.1% to sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (S-T), 14.3% to pipemidic acid, 8.6% to norfloxacin, 3.8% to cephalexin, 3.7% to amoxicillin-clavulanate, 1.0% to cefuroxime, and 1.0% to fosfomycin. Three out of five patients on ampicillin as well as two out of five patients on S-T were likely to be inadequately treated.

Matched MeSH terms: Urinary Tract Infections*

Age- and gender-specific normal post void residual urine volume in healthy adolescents

Lim LY, Chang SJ, Yang SS

J Pediatr Urol, 2023 Aug;19(4):367.e1-367.e6.

PMID: 37029009 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2023.03.026

INTRODUCTION: Elevated post void residual (PVR) is a significant risk factor for urinary tract infections (UTI). It is also a significant predictor of treatment outcomes in cases of vesicoureteral reflux, pediatric enuresis, and non-neurogenic LUT dysfunction. However, the absence of age-specific nomograms for adolescents may limit PVR's use in clinical practice.

OBJECTIVE: To establish age- and gender-specific normal PVR urine volume in adolescents.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: Healthy adolescents aged 12-18 years were recruited to undergo two uroflowmetry and PVR studies whenever they felt the urge to urinate. Adolescents with neurological disorders, known LUT dysfunction or UTI were excluded.

RESULTS: A total of 1050 adolescents were invited, but only 651 consented. Fourteen participants were excluded due to low bladder volume (BV 100 ml (n = 5) and missing information (n = 6). Ultimately, 894 uroflowmetry and PVR from 605 adolescents (mean age 14.6 ± 1.5 years) were analyzed. PVRs were higher in adolescents aged 15-18 years than in those aged 12-14 years (P 20 ml (7% BV) for males of both the age groups, and PVR >25 ml (9% BV) and PVR >35 ml (>10% BV) for females aged 12-14 and 15-18 years, respectively. Further investigation may be warranted if the repeat PVR is above the 95th percentile, i.e., PVR >30 ml (8% BV) and >30 ml (11% BV) for males aged 12-14 and 15-18 years, respectively, and PVR >35 ml (11% BV) and >45 ml (13% BV) for females aged 12-14 and 15-18 years, respectively.

CONCLUSION: PVR increases with age and varies by gender; thus, age-and gender-specific reference values should be used. Further data from other countries is required to determine whether the study's recommendations can be applied globally.

Matched MeSH terms: Urinary Tract Infections*

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