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  1. Pharmacometric modeling of drug adverse effects: an application of mixture models in schizophrenia spectrum disorder patients treated with clozapine
    Albitar O, Ghadzi SMS, Harun SN, Ahmad SNA, Kjellsson MC
    J Pharmacokinet Pharmacodyn, 2023 Feb;50(1):21-31.
    PMID: 36380133 DOI: 10.1007/s10928-022-09833-9
    Clozapine has superior efficacy to other antipsychotics yet is underutilized due to its adverse effects, such as neutropenia, weight gain, and tachycardia. The current investigation aimed to introduce a pharmacometric approach to simultaneously model drug adverse effects, with examples from schizophrenia spectrum patients receiving clozapine. The adverse drug effects were represented as a function of time by incorporating a mixture model to describe individual susceptibility to the adverse effects. Applications of the proposed method were presented by analyzing retrospective data from patients' medical records in Psychiatric Clinic, Penang General Hospital. Tachycardia, weight gain, and absolute neutrophils count (ANC) decrease were best described by an offset, a piecewise linear, and a transient surge function, respectively. 42.9% of the patients had all the adverse effects, including weight gain (0.01 kg/m2 increase every week over a baseline of 24.7 kg/m2 until stabilizing at 279 weeks), ANC decrease (20% decrease from 4540 cells/µL week 12-20.8), and tachycardia (14% constant increase over a baseline of 87.9 bpm for a clozapine maintenance dose of 450 mg daily). 32.5% of the patients had only tachycardia, while the remaining 24.6% had none of the adverse effects. A new pharmacometric approach was proposed to describe adverse drug effects with examples of clozapine-induced weight gain, ANC drop, and tachycardia. The current approach described the longitudinal time changes of continuous data while assessing patient susceptibility. Furthermore, the model revealed the possible co-existence of ANC drop and weight gain; thus, neutrophil monitoring might predict future changes in body weight.
    Matched MeSH terms: Weight Gain
  2. Effectiveness of intradialytic exercise to reduce interdialytic weight gain in patients on hemodialysis at Private Hospital Yogyakarta
    Pujiastuti TT, Aima H, Lokonathan S, Chiew L
    Enferm Clin, 2020 06;30 Suppl 5:17-20.
    PMID: 32713561 DOI: 10.1016/j.enfcli.2020.01.007
    Hemodialysis is a treatment for patients with kidney failure. One of the main problems in patients on hemodialysis is increasing of interdialytic weight gain (IDWG) due to decreased kidney excretion function. Increasing of interdialytic weight gain cause dangerous conditions and reduce the function of whole-body systems, especially cardiovascular and respiratory systems. These conditions require appropriate intervention. Various references reported intradialysis exercise can be an alternative intervention to reduce interdialytic weight gain. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of intradialytic exercise intervention to reduce interdialytic weight gain in patients on hemodialysis. A quantitative descriptive analytic study was conducted. Sixty-four patients on hemodialysis were randomly selected in hemodialysis unit. Patients performed intradialytic exercise twice a week for 8 weeks. Statistical analysis with general linear model repeated measure showed there was decrease in the interdialytic weight gain mean in patients on hemodialysis after 3-8 weeks intervention intradialytic exercise with p value of 0.000; <0.05. The interdialytic weight gain mean decrease between 0.281 and 1.438kg. Performed minimal four weeks intradialytic exercise was effective to reduced interdialytic weight gain in patients on hemodialysis. Based on the results of the study, it is suggested for nurses to educate patient on hemodialysis about intradialytic exercise. Intradialytic exercise can be an alternative independent nursing intervention to reduce interdialytic weight gain in patients on hemodialysis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Weight Gain*
  3. Fulltext Use of Pharmacologic Agents With Weight Gain Potential for Panic Disorder Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic
    Kow CS, Hasan SS
    Prim Care Companion CNS Disord, 2020 11 25;22(6).
    PMID: 33252868 DOI: 10.4088/PCC.20lr02805
    Matched MeSH terms: Weight Gain
  4. Pattern of weight changes in women with breast cancer
    Yaw YH, Kandiah M, Shariff ZM, Mun CY, Hashim Z, Yusof RM, et al.
    Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2010;11(6):1535-40.
    PMID: 21338193
    This study describes weight changes experienced by Malaysian women with breast cancer. Women with breast cancer (n=368) were recruited from eight hospitals and four breast cancer support groups in Peninsular Malaysia. Current weight was measured and weight at the time of diagnosis and a year preceding diagnosis were based on self-reports. Change in weight was determined from the year preceding breast cancer diagnosis to study entry (time 1), at the time of diagnosis to study entry (time 2) and from a year preceding breast cancer diagnosis to the time of diagnosis (time 3). Current body mass index, at a year preceding diagnosis and at the time of diagnosis were determined. Waist circumference was also measured. The sample comprised 57% Malay, 34% Chinese and 9.8% Indian women. The mean age of the women was 54 ∓ 9.04 years and over 80% were post-menopausal. Majority of the women were in stage I and stage II breast cancer at the time of diagnosis. The most common treatments received by these women were chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy and mastectomy. Overweight and obesity were prevalent in over 40% of the survivors at all three periods. Significant weight changes were observed during time 1 (-0.74 ∓ 4.78kg, p< 0.001), time 2 (2.73 ∓ 8.06kg, p< 0.001) and time 3 (3.47 ∓ 7.53kg, p< 0.001). At time 1, almost 50% showed no changes in their weight. At time 2, nearly two-thirds had gained weight and at time 3, 69% had gained weight, abdominal obesity was observed in nearly two-thirds of the women at study entry. A significant difference in weight change among age groups was observed in time 2 and time 3. All ethnic groups had significant weight change in time 1 and time 2. Significant weight gain was observed in relation to body mass index prior to diagnosis, at diagnosis and at study entry. However, no significant difference in weight change by educational level, family history of cancer and cancer stages were observed in all 3 periods. In conclusion, significant weight gain was evident in this sample of women after diagnosis of breast cancer and treatment. Women with breast cancer should be encouraged to maintain normal body mass index and waist circumference through appropriate diet and regular physical activity which may help to reduce their risk of recurrence, secondary cancer and metastasis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Weight Gain*
  5. Growth pattern of urban Malaysian infants
    Hashim Z
    J Trop Pediatr, 1992 Aug;38(4):204-5.
    PMID: 1527822
    Matched MeSH terms: Weight Gain/physiology*
  6. Genetic analysis of a red tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) population undergoing three generations of selection for increased body weight at harvest
    Hamzah A, Thoa NP, Nguyen NH
    J Appl Genet, 2017 Nov;58(4):509-519.
    PMID: 28980200 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-017-0411-8
    Quantitative genetic analysis was performed on 10,919 data records collected over three generations from the selection programme for increased body weight at harvest in red tilapia (Oreochromis spp.). They were offspring of 224 sires and 226 dams (50 sires and 60 dams per generation, on average). Linear mixed models were used to analyse body traits (weight, length, width and depth), whereas threshold generalised models assuming probit distribution were employed to examine genetic inheritance of survival rate, sexual maturity and body colour. The estimates of heritability for traits studied (body weight, standard length, body width, body depth, body colour, early sexual maturation and survival) across statistical models were moderate to high (0.13-0.45). Genetic correlations among body traits and survival were high and positive (0.68-0.96). Body length and width exhibited negative genetic correlations with body colour (- 0.47 to - 0.25). Sexual maturity was genetically correlated positively with measurements of body traits (weight and length). Direct and correlated genetic responses to selection were measured as estimated breeding values in each generation and expressed in genetic standard deviation units (σG). The cumulative improvement achieved for harvest body weight was 1.72 σG after three generations or 12.5% per generation when the gain was expressed as a percentage of the base population. Selection for improved body weight also resulted in correlated increase in other body traits (length, width and depth) and survival rate (ranging from 0.25 to 0.81 genetic standard deviation units). Avoidance of black spot parent matings also improved the overall red colour of the selected population. It is concluded that the selective breeding programme for red tilapia has succeeded in achieving significant genetic improvement for a range of commercially important traits in this species, and the large genetic variation in body colour and survival also shows that there are prospects for future improvement of these traits in this population of red tilapia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Weight Gain/genetics*
  7. Fulltext Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics and Meat Yield of Boer Goats Fed Diets Containing Leaves or Whole Parts of Andrographis paniculata
    Yusuf AL, Goh YM, Samsudin AA, Alimon AR, Sazili AQ
    Asian-Australas J Anim Sci, 2014 Apr;27(4):503-10.
    PMID: 25049980 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2013.13533
    The study was conducted to determine the effect of feeding diets containing Andrographis paniculata leaves (APL), whole Andrographis paniculata plant (APWP) and a control without Andrographis paniculata (AP0), on growth performance, carcass characteristics and meat yield of 24 intact Boer bucks. The results obtained indicated that inclusion of Andrographis paniculata significantly improved feed intake, weight gain, feed efficiency and live weight. The ratios of carcass to fat, lean to bone, lean to fat, and composition of meat were also improved. In addition, there were significant differences (p<0.05) between the dietary treatments in dressing percentage and chilling loss. Goats fed on AP0 (control) had significantly higher proportions of fat and bone, as well as thicker back fat than the supplemented animals (APL and APWP). Higher gut fill in animals fed Andrographis paniculata suggested slow rate of digestion, which could have improved utilization and absorption of nutrients by the animals. Goats fed Andrographis paniculata also produced higher meat yield and relatively lower fat contents (p<0.05).
    Matched MeSH terms: Weight Gain
  8. General and specific combining abilities for different economic traits in broiler chickens
    Ooi CS, Mukherjee TK, Wong WC, Jalaludin S
    Theor Appl Genet, 1975 Jan;46(3):149-55.
    PMID: 24419868 DOI: 10.1007/BF00264870
    A complete diallel cross of four broiler breeds was made to investigate whether there are breed differences in the combining abilities for the traits, body weight, weight gain and feed efficiency, measured during the growing period from 4 to 12 weeks of age. Data collected from male and female birds were analysed separately. General combining ability (GCA) was found to be the largest and most significant source of variation contributing to differences between crosses for all the traits, in both male and female birds. Specific combining ability (SCA) was important for body weight in both sexes and for weight gain in females. Feed efficiency in both sexes did not appear to be influenced by SCA effects. Reciprocal effects (RE) were generally absent in both sexes for all the traits, except possibly for feed efficiency.
    Matched MeSH terms: Weight Gain
  9. Feed intake and growth performance of goats offered napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum) supplemented with concentrate pellet and soya waste
    Rahman M, Abdullah R, Wan khadijah W, Nakagawa T, Akashi R
    Sains Malaysiana, 2014;43:967-971.
    The experiment was conducted to determine the feed intake and body weight (BW) change of Boer goats supplemented with a commercial concentrate pellet and combinations of concentrate and soya waste. Twelve male goats were divided into three groups. Each group was randomly allocated to each of the three treatment diets: Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum) ad libitum and concentrate pellet at rate of 2.0% of BW, daily (T1); Napier grass ad libitum and concentrate pellet at rate of 1.4% of BW and soya waste at rate of 0.5% of BW, daily (T2) and Napier grass ad libitum and concentrate pellet at rate of 0.9% of BW and soya waste at rate of 0.5% of BW, daily (T3). The results indicated that supplementation of concentrate pellet together with soya waste (T2 or T3) significantly (p<0.05) decreased intakes of grass dry matter (DM), total DM and total crude protein compared to the solely concentrate pellet group (T1). However, BW gain was significantly (p<0.05) higher in T2 treatment compared with the T1 or T3 treatments. Supplementation of concentrate pellet with soya waste (T2 or T3) significantly (p<0.05) improved the feed conversion efficiency and reduced the feed cost of goats compared with solely concentrate pellet group (T1). The results indicated that grass intake and feed cost can be reduced by replacing concentrate pellet with soya waste in the diet of goats where soya waste is available.
    Matched MeSH terms: Weight Gain
  10. Fulltext Running designs that affect calories burned
    Zahayu Md Yusof, Masnita Misiran, Adyda Ibrahim
    Jurnal Sains Sukan & Pendidikan Jasmani, 2018;7(2):103-112.
    MyJurnal
    Balanced between good diet and regular physical activity is among the important factors in avoiding unhealthy weight gain. Our objective in this study was to investigate the amount of calorie loss against a variety of running exercises. In this study, an experiment on running as a calorie burning physical activities was conducted. Two factors were selected, the distance, and the level of difficulties. The result and statistical analysis concluded that both factors play significant roles in burning calories, with distance as being the most significant factor. The findings also suggest that other than increasing the distance, choosing a hilly terrain when training can give more efficient calories burn. There is no interaction between distance and the level of difficulties. Individuals should plan their workout accordingly only after knowing how many calories they burned through each activity. For individual with aims to burn more calories, an increase in distance and a hilly terrain is more favorable.
    Matched MeSH terms: Weight Gain
  11. Fulltext Clinician resistance to broaching the topic of weight in primary care: Digging deeper into weight management using strong structuration theory
    Hajizadeh A, Heath L, Ahmad A, Kebbe M, Jebb SA, Aveyard P, et al.
    Soc Sci Med, 2023 Jul;329:115997.
    PMID: 37327596 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.115997
    Clinical trials have shown that providing advice and support for people with excess weight can lead to meaningful weight loss. Despite this evidence and guidelines endorsing this approach, provision in real-world clinical settings remains low. We used Strong Structuration Theory (SST) to understand why people are often not offered weight management advice in primary care in England. Data from policy, clinical practice and focus groups were analysed using SST to consider how the interplay between weight stigma and structures of professional responsibilities influenced clinicians to raise (or not) the issue of excess weight with patients. We found that general practitioners (GPs) often accounted for their actions by referring to obesity as a health problem, consistent with policy documents and clinical guidelines. However, they were also aware of weight stigma as a social process that can be internalised by their patients. GPs identified addressing obesity as a priority in their work, but described wanting to care for their patients by avoiding unnecessary suffering, which they were concerned could be caused by talking about weight. We observed tensions between knowledge of clinical guidelines and understanding of the lived experience of their patients. We interpreted that the practice of 'caring by not offering care' produced the outcome of an absence of weight management advice in consultations. There is a risk that this outcome reinforces the external structure of weight stigma as a delicate topic to be avoided, while at the same time denying patients the offer of support to manage their weight.
    Matched MeSH terms: Weight Gain
  12. Fulltext Partial adrenal suppression with prolonged use of Depo-Provera
    Nur Aisyah Zainordin, Fatimah Zaherah Mohd Shah, Rohana Abdul Ghani
    Journal of Clinical and Health Sciences, 2019;4(1):64-66.
    MyJurnal
    A 49-year old patient presented with symptoms of adrenal suppression following an attempt to
    withdraw Depo-Provera or Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate (DMPA) injection. She had
    been receiving DMPA injections for the past 16 years for contraception. She was initially
    prescribed DMPA by her gynaecologist but later on began obtaining the medication directly
    from a private pharmacy without prior consultation from her gynaecologist. Clinically, she had
    been experiencing significant weight gain and appeared cushingoid. Blood investigations
    confirmed partial adrenal suppression with presence of an adrenal incidentaloma. This case
    reports a known side effect of DMPA but occurring at a much lower dose than previously
    described. It also highlights the need to increase the awareness of the insidious side effect of
    DMPA and to avoid unsupervised use of the drug.
    Matched MeSH terms: Weight Gain
  13. Fulltext The Effects of Feed Restriction and Isolated or Group Rearing on the Measurement of Individual Feed Intake and Estimation of Feed Conversion Ratio in Juvenile Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) for Selective Breeding Purposes
    Rodde C, Vandeputte M, Trinh TQ, Douchet V, Canonne M, Benzie JAH, et al.
    Front Genet, 2020;11:596521.
    PMID: 33519898 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.596521
    Accurately measuring the phenotype at the individual level is critical to the success of selective breeding programs. Feed efficiency is a key sustainability trait and is typically approached through feed conversion ratio (FCR). This requires measurements of body weight gain (BWG) and feed intake (FI), the latter being technically challenging in fish. We assessed two of the principal methods for measuring feed intake in fish over consecutive days: (1) group rearing 10 fish per group and video recording the meals and (2) rearing fish individually on a restricted ration. Juvenile Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) from the Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia (GIFT) strain and the Cirad strain were entered into the study (128 GIFT and 109 Cirad). The GIFT strain were reared over three consecutive periods of 7 days each under different feeding, recording, and rearing scenarios (i) in groups fed an optimal ration (g100) or (ii) fed a 50% restricted ration (g50) both with video records of all meals and (iii) reared in isolation and fed a 50% restrictive ration. The Cirad strain were tested similarly but only for scenarios (i) and (iii). All fish were fed twice daily with a calculated ration. Correlations showed the same trends for the GIFT and the Cirad strains. For the GIFT strain, correlations were positive and significant for BWG and FI measured in scenarios (i) and (ii), 0.49 and 0.63, respectively, and FI measured in scenarios (i) and (iii) (0.50) but not for BWG measured in scenarios (i) and (iii) (0.29, NS). The phenotypic correlation estimated for FCR between scenarios (i) and (ii) with fish fed an optimal or a 50% restricted ration was low and not significant (0.22). Feed Conversion Ratio for GIFT fish reared in groups or in isolation and fed with a restricted ration [scenarios (ii) and (iii)] were not significantly correlated either. Social interactions between fish, potentially impacting their efficiency, may explain the results. Therefore, selective breeding programs seeking to improve feed efficiency will need to carefully plan the feeding rate and the rearing system used to estimate FCR in order to optimize selection for the targeted production system.
    Matched MeSH terms: Weight Gain
  14. Fulltext Short communication protein quality of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) seeds
    Halimatul, S.M.N., Amin, I., Mohd.-Esa, N., Nawalyah, A.G., Siti Muskinah, M.
    International Food Research Journal, 2007;14(2):131-140.
    MyJurnal
    This study investigated the protein quality of two sets of Roselle seeds processed differently (dried and boiled). Twenty weanling Sprague Dawley rats were used to conduct the growth and nitrogen balance studies. Rats were fed with 10% (w/w) protein from dried (DS) and boiled (BS) Roselle seeds powder for 4 weeks. Casein was used in this study as a standard reference protein. There was a significantly higher (p < 0.05) food intake and weight gain by rats fed with BS compared with DS. In the growth study, there was no significant difference (p < 0.05) in protein efficiency ratio (PER) and net protein ratio (NPR) of BS compared to DS, but it was significantly different with casein (CD). PER value of rats fed with DS was significantly lower (p < 0.05) than casein. In the nitrogen balance study, true nitrogen absorption (TNA) and nitrogen balance (NB) of BS group was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than DS group. However, apparent digestibility (AD), true digestibility (TD) and biological value (BV) for both diets was not significantly different. This study showed that the protein quality of dried Roselle seeds was similar to the Roselle seeds boiled at 100oC for 30 minutes.
    Matched MeSH terms: Weight Gain
  15. Nitridation of Al-Mg-Si alloys through dynamic heating
    Roslinda Shamsudin, Abdul Razak Daud, Muhammad Azmi Abdul Hamid, Saiful Rizam Shamsudin
    Sains Malaysiana, 2007;36:195-200.
    Nitridation behaviour of Al-Mg-Si alloys was studied as a function of temperature by means of thermogravimetry method. A reactive gas, N2-4%H2 at a rate of 10 ml/min was purged into the thermogravimetry analyser chamber. The Al alloys were heated from 25oC to 625oC at the heating rate of 15oC/min and then reduced to 3oC/min until it reached 1500oC. It was found that by varying the amount of Mg and Si in Al-Mg-Si alloys significantly influenced the growth of the composites. A differential thermogravimetric curve shows the Mg containing alloys experienced many steps of chemical reactions. This indicates that besides AlN presence as a major phase, other compounds also exist in the final product. The X-ray diffraction results confirmed the existence of oxide phases such as a-Al2O3, MgAl2O4 and MgO in addition to residual Si and Al metal. The presence of oxide compounds is believed to be due to the reaction between the alloying elements and residual oxygen gas left in the reaction atmosphere. It was also found that Si could play a role in promoting the weight gain of the composite produced. The heating rate has also a profound effect on the weight gain, whereby higher heating rate resulted in low yielded of AlN during the nitridation reaction of the Al-Mg-Si alloys.
    Matched MeSH terms: Weight Gain
  16. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet during pregnancy is associated with lower odds of excessive gestational weight gain and postpartum weight retention: results of the Mother-Infant Study Cohort
    Radwan H, Hashim M, Hasan H, Abbas N, Obaid RRS, Al Ghazal H, et al.
    Br J Nutr, 2022 Oct 14;128(7):1401-1412.
    PMID: 34294166 DOI: 10.1017/S0007114521002762
    During the first 1000 d of life, gestational weight gain (GWG) and postpartum weight retention (PPWR) are considered critical determinants of nutritional status. This study examined the effect of adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) during pregnancy on GWG and PPWR at 2 and 6 months among women in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), using data from the Mother-Infant Study Cohort. The latter is a prospective study, for which pregnant women were recruited (n 243) during their third trimester and were followed up for 18 months. Data on socio-demographic characteristics and anthropometric measurements were obtained. An eighty-six-item FFQ was used to examine dietary intake during pregnancy. Adherence to the MD was assessed using the alternate MD (aMED) and the Lebanese MD (LMD). Adherence to the MD, PPWR2 (2 months) and PPWR6 (6 months) were considered high if participants belonged to the third tertile of the respective measures. Results indicated that 57·5 % of participants had excessive GWG while 50·7 % and 45 % retained ≥ 5 kg at 2 and 6 months postpartum, respectively. After adjustment, adherence to both MD scores was associated with lower odds of excessive GWG (aMED, OR:0·41, 95 % CI:0·18, 0·93; LMD, OR:0·40, 95 % CI: 0·16, 0·98). Adherence to MD was also associated with PPWR2 (aMED: OR: 0·23, 95 % CI: 0·06, 0·88) and PPWR6 (aMED OR:0·26; 95 % CI:0·08-0·86; LMD, OR:0·32; 95 % CI: 0·1, 0·98). The findings of this study showed that adherence to the MD may reduce GWG and PPWR and, hence, underscored the importance of promoting the MD for better health of the mother and infant.
    Matched MeSH terms: Weight Gain
  17. Exploring the relationship between sunlight exposure, psychological health, and gestational weight gain: a prospective observational study
    Kaur S, Kok EY, Jamil NA, Sebayang SK
    BMC Public Health, 2024 Jan 09;24(1):122.
    PMID: 38195450 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-17677-w
    INTRODUCTION: Gestational weight gain (GWG) is influenced by various factors during pregnancy. This study attempts to explore the relationship between environmental factors i.e., sunlight exposure and psychological health i.e. psychological well-being and sleep quality during pregnancy with total gestational weight gain.

    METHODS: This was a prospective observational study conducted in government maternity clinics in Kuala Lumpur. Pregnant women aged 19-39 years without comorbidities were recruited during second trimester and followed up until birth. The participants were required to wear a UVB dosimeter for a total of three consecutive days (2 weekdays and 1 weekend) to determine sunlight exposure (SED) during their second trimester. The PSQI and DASS-21 were used to determine sleep quality and psychological wellbeing, respectively. GWG data were collected from clinic health records. The association of sun exposure and psychological health with total GWG was determined using multiple linear regression.

    RESULTS: A total of 73 pregnant women aged 27.9 ± 3.3 years were included in the analysis. The prevalence of pregnant women exhibiting stress, anxiety, and depression symptoms was 11%, 40%, and 16% respectively. The global PSQI median score was 5 (IQR = 3), with 59% having poor sleep quality. Median sleep duration was 7 h (IQR = 2) while median sleep efficiency was 92% (IQR = 14). The median SED was 0.04 (IQR = 0.09), with 51% of them being under the 50th percentile. The majority had adequate GWG (58%). Sleep parameters were not found to be correlated with total GWG except for sleep latency (ρ = -0.356, p = 0.002). Sunlight exposure was found to have no significant relationship with sleep and total GWG. Adjusted multiple linear regression showed that greater depression is associated with higher total GWG (β = 0.239, p = 0.039) while controlling for sleep quality.

    CONCLUSION: Depression was associated with total GWG when sleep quality was controlled for while sunlight exposure had no significant association with GWG. Future studies should study the complex relationship between factors of mental health, sleep, and weight gain during pregnancy. Healthcare providers may be better equipped to develop interventions aimed to prevent negative maternal and fetal health outcomes.

    Matched MeSH terms: Weight Gain
  18. Protective effects of feed additives on broiler chickens exposed to aflatoxins-contaminated feed: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    Putra RP, Astuti D, Respati AN, Ningsih N, Triswanto, Yano AA, et al.
    Vet Res Commun, 2024 Feb;48(1):225-244.
    PMID: 37644237 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10199-7
    Aflatoxin contamination in feed is a common problem in broiler chickens. The present systematic review and meta-analysis examined the impact of aflatoxin-contaminated feed and the efficacy of various feed additives on the production performance of broiler chickens fed aflatoxin-contaminated feed (AF-feed). A total of 35 studies comprising 53 AF-feed experiments were selected following PRISMA guidelines. Feed additives included in the analyses were toxins binder (TB), mannan-oligosaccharides (MOS), organic acid (OA), probiotics (PRO), protein supplementation (PROT), phytobiotics (PHY), and additive mixture (MIX). Random effects model and a frequentist network meta-analysis (NMA) were performed to rank the efficacy of feed additives, reported as standardized means difference (SMD) at 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Overall, broiler chickens fed AF-feed had significantly lower final body weight (BW) (SMD = 198; 95% CI = 198 to 238) and higher feed conversion ratio (SMD = 0.17; 95% CI = 0.13 to 0.21) than control. Treatments with TB, MOS, and PHY improved the BW of birds fed AF-feed (P 
    Matched MeSH terms: Weight Gain
  19. Fulltext The emergence of obesity in type 1 diabetes
    Kueh MTW, Chew NWS, Al-Ozairi E, le Roux CW
    Int J Obes (Lond), 2024 Mar;48(3):289-301.
    PMID: 38092958 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-023-01429-8
    Obesity, a chronic low-grade inflammatory disease represented by multifactorial metabolic dysfunctions, is a significant global health threat for adults and children. The once-held belief that type 1 diabetes is a disease of people who are lean no longer holds. The mounting epidemiological data now establishes the connection between type 1 diabetes and the subsequent development of obesity, or vice versa. Beyond the consequences of the influx of an obesogenic environment, type 1 diabetes-specific biopsychosocial burden further exacerbates obesity. In the course of obesity management discussions, recurring challenges surfaced. The interplay between weight gain and escalating insulin dependence creates a vicious cycle from which patients struggle to break free. In the absence of weight management guidelines and regulatory approval for this population, healthcare professionals must navigate the delicate balance between benefits and risks. The gravity of this circumstance highlights the importance of bringing these topics to the forefront. In this Review, we discuss the changing trends and the biopsychosocial aspects of the intersection between type 1 diabetes and obesity. We highlight the evidence supporting the therapeutic means (i.e., exercise therapy, nutritional therapy, adjunct pharmacotherapy, and bariatric surgery) and directions for establishing a more robust and safer evidence-based approach.
    Matched MeSH terms: Weight Gain
  20. Olanzapine Induced Dilated Cardiomyopathy
    Puttegowda B, Theodore J, Basappa R, Nanjappa MC
    Malays J Med Sci, 2016 Mar;23(2):82-4.
    PMID: 27547120
    A 28-year-old male patient with bipolar disorder taking olanzapine and lorazepam for almost 10 years presented with weight gain, diabetes, and anasarca was examined in this study. Evaluation of the patient revealed he was in heart failure. The reason for his heart failure was ambiguous and an investigation into it revealed negative results. Literature search conducted showed a few reported cases of putative olanzapine induced cardiomyopathy. One such relatively rare case is presented here.
    Matched MeSH terms: Weight Gain
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