Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 194 in total

Abstract:
Sort:
  1. Billah MM, Bhuiyan MKA, Islam MA, Das J, Hoque AR
    Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2022 Mar;29(11):15347-15363.
    PMID: 34989993 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-18305-5
    Coastal wetlands including salt marshes are among the most productive ecosystems on Earth. They are known for improving the quality of coastal water and provisioning coastal fisheries. However, this ecosystem is under potential threat due to urban coastal land reclamation, limited sediment supply, increased nutrient/eutrophication, and sea level rise. Therefore, restoration efforts to protect the degraded salt marsh habitat are considerably increasing worldwide. In this paper, we present an overview of salt marsh restoration techniques and success indicators. Published scientific literature in English language was collected by searching the most relevant keywords from popular search engines, namely, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Mendeley to get the information about salt marsh restoration techniques and success indicators. This study comprehensively reviewed data from 78 peer-reviewed papers. Results indicated that much of the salt marsh was restored through assisted abiotic strategies (e.g., recovery of tidal exchange, managed realignment, and sediment level amendment). A total of 214 indicators were found, spanning over six major ecological attributes such as structural diversity, ecosystem functions, physical conditions, species composition, external exchange, and absence of threat. Author keywords analysis revealed several hotspots for recent research (e.g., 16 s rRNA, fungi, microbial communities, carbon accumulation, and blue carbon). This paper proposes a model for restoring degraded salt marsh, as well as tracking their success. The information presented here will assist the marine ecosystem restoration practitioners in getting a comprehensive understanding of salt marsh restoration success evaluation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Wetlands*
  2. Kemung HM, Tan LT, Chan KG, Ser HL, Law JW, Lee LH, et al.
    Biomed Res Int, 2020;2020:6402607.
    PMID: 32258133 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6402607
    The mangrove ecosystem of Malaysia remains yet to be fully explored for potential microbes that produce biologically active metabolites. In the present study, a mangrove-derived Streptomyces sp. strain MUSC 14 previously isolated from the state of Pahang, Malaysia Peninsula, was studied for its potential in producing antioxidant metabolites. The identity of Streptomyces sp. strain MUSC14 was consistent with the genotypic and phenotypic characteristics of the Streptomyces genus. The antioxidant potential of Streptomyces sp. strain MUSC 14 was determined through screening of its methanolic extract against sets of antioxidant assays. The results were indicative of Streptomyces sp. strain MUSC 14 displaying strong antioxidant activity against ABTS, DPPH free radicals and metal chelating activity of 62.71 ± 3.30%, 24.71 ± 2.22%, and 55.82 ± 2.35%, respectively. The result of ferric reducing activity measured in terms of dose was equivalent to 2.35-2.45 μg of positive control ascorbic acid. Furthermore, there was a high correlation between the total phenolic content and the antioxidant activities with r = 0.979, r = 0.858, and r = 0.983 representing ABTS, DPPH, and metal chelation, respectively. Overall, the present study suggests that Streptomyces sp. strain MUSC 14 from mangrove forest soil has potential to produce antioxidant metabolites that can be further exploited for therapeutic application.
    Matched MeSH terms: Wetlands*
  3. Rahman ME, Bin Halmi MIE, Bin Abd Samad MY, Uddin MK, Mahmud K, Abd Shukor MY, et al.
    PMID: 33187288 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17228339
    Constructed wetlands (CWs) are affordable and reliable green technologies for the treatment of various types of wastewater. Compared to conventional treatment systems, CWs offer an environmentally friendly approach, are low cost, have fewer operational and maintenance requirements, and have a high potential for being applied in developing countries, particularly in small rural communities. However, the sustainable management and successful application of these systems remain a challenge. Therefore, after briefly providing basic information on wetlands and summarizing the classification and use of current CWs, this study aims to provide and inspire sustainable solutions for the performance and application of CWs by giving a comprehensive review of CWs' application and the recent development of their sustainable design, operation, and optimization for wastewater treatment. To accomplish this objective, thee design and management parameters of CWs, including macrophyte species, media types, water level, hydraulic retention time (HRT), and hydraulic loading rate (HLR), are discussed. Besides these, future research on improving the stability and sustainability of CWs are highlighted. This article provides a tool for researchers and decision-makers for using CWs to treat wastewater in a particular area. This paper presents an aid for informed analysis, decision-making, and communication. The review indicates that major advances in the design, operation, and optimization of CWs have greatly increased contaminant removal efficiencies, and the sustainable application of this treatment system has also been improved.
    Matched MeSH terms: Wetlands*
  4. Knox SH, Bansal S, McNicol G, Schafer K, Sturtevant C, Ueyama M, et al.
    Glob Chang Biol, 2021 08;27(15):3582-3604.
    PMID: 33914985 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15661
    While wetlands are the largest natural source of methane (CH4 ) to the atmosphere, they represent a large source of uncertainty in the global CH4 budget due to the complex biogeochemical controls on CH4 dynamics. Here we present, to our knowledge, the first multi-site synthesis of how predictors of CH4 fluxes (FCH4) in freshwater wetlands vary across wetland types at diel, multiday (synoptic), and seasonal time scales. We used several statistical approaches (correlation analysis, generalized additive modeling, mutual information, and random forests) in a wavelet-based multi-resolution framework to assess the importance of environmental predictors, nonlinearities and lags on FCH4 across 23 eddy covariance sites. Seasonally, soil and air temperature were dominant predictors of FCH4 at sites with smaller seasonal variation in water table depth (WTD). In contrast, WTD was the dominant predictor for wetlands with smaller variations in temperature (e.g., seasonal tropical/subtropical wetlands). Changes in seasonal FCH4 lagged fluctuations in WTD by ~17 ± 11 days, and lagged air and soil temperature by median values of 8 ± 16 and 5 ± 15 days, respectively. Temperature and WTD were also dominant predictors at the multiday scale. Atmospheric pressure (PA) was another important multiday scale predictor for peat-dominated sites, with drops in PA coinciding with synchronous releases of CH4 . At the diel scale, synchronous relationships with latent heat flux and vapor pressure deficit suggest that physical processes controlling evaporation and boundary layer mixing exert similar controls on CH4 volatilization, and suggest the influence of pressurized ventilation in aerenchymatous vegetation. In addition, 1- to 4-h lagged relationships with ecosystem photosynthesis indicate recent carbon substrates, such as root exudates, may also control FCH4. By addressing issues of scale, asynchrony, and nonlinearity, this work improves understanding of the predictors and timing of wetland FCH4 that can inform future studies and models, and help constrain wetland CH4 emissions.
    Matched MeSH terms: Wetlands*
  5. Lin CY, Turchyn AV, Krylov A, Antler G
    Geobiology, 2020 03;18(2):207-224.
    PMID: 31814266 DOI: 10.1111/gbi.12371
    We employ complementary field and laboratory-based incubation techniques to explore the geochemical environment where siderite concretions are actively forming and growing, including solid-phase analysis of the sediment, concretion, and associated pore fluid chemistry. These recently formed siderite concretions allow us to explore the geochemical processes that lead to the formation of this less common carbonate mineral. We conclude that there are two phases of siderite concretion growth within the sediment, as there are distinct changes in the carbon isotopic composition and mineralogy across the concretions. Incubated sediment samples allow us to explore the stability of siderite over a range of geochemical conditions. Our incubation results suggest that the formation of siderite can be very rapid (about two weeks or within 400 hr) when there is a substantial source of iron, either from microbial iron reduction or from steel material; however, a source of dissolved iron is not enough to induce siderite precipitation. We suggest that sufficient alkalinity is the limiting factor for siderite precipitation during microbial iron reduction while the lack of dissolved iron is the limiting factor for siderite formation if microbial sulfate reduction is the dominant microbial metabolism. We show that siderite can form via heated transformation (at temperature 100°C for 48 hr) of calcite and monohydrocalcite seeds in the presence of dissolved iron. Our transformation experiments suggest that the formation of siderite is promoted when carbonate seeds are present.
    Matched MeSH terms: Wetlands*
  6. Ismail N', Abdullah SRS, Idris M, Kurniawan SB, Effendi Halmi MI, Al Sbani NH, et al.
    J Environ Manage, 2020 Aug 01;267:110643.
    PMID: 32421674 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110643
    Pilot-scale constructed wetlands planted with Scirpus grossus, were used to investigate the effects of applying a three-rhizobacterial consortium (Bacillus cereus strain NII, Bacillus subtilis strain NII and Brevibacterium sp. strain NII) on the growth of S. grossus and also on the accumulation of iron (Fe) and aluminium (Al) in S. grossus. The experiment includes constructed wetlands with the addition of 2% of the consortium rhizobacteria and without the consortium rhizobacteria addition (acting as control). During each sampling day (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 42, 72 and 102), plant height, concentration of Fe and Al and sand microbial community were investigated. The results for the constructed wetland with the addition of consortium rhizobacteria showed the growth of S. grossus increased significantly at 26% and 29% for plant height and dry weight, respectively. While the accumulation of Fe and Al in S. grossus were enhanced about 48% and 19% respectively. To conclude, the addition of the rhizobacteria consortium has enhanced both the growth of S. grossus and the metal accumulation. These results suggesting that rhizobacteria has good potential to restore Fe and Al contaminated water in general and particularly for mining wastewater.
    Matched MeSH terms: Wetlands*
  7. Nasruddin Hassan, Bushra Abdul Halim
    Sains Malaysiana, 2012;41:1155-1161.
    Satu model matematik dibina bagi menilai pengurusan aktiviti pelancongan rekreasi di Wetland Putrajaya. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah pengaturcaraan gol (PaG) dan perisian LINDO 6.1.untuk menyelesaikan masalah pelbagai objektif bagi memaksimumkan anggaran keuntungan aktiviti dan bilangan peserta yang terlibat. Tujuh aktiviti di Wetland Putrajaya yang terletak di bawah pengurusan Perbadanan Putrajaya telah dipilih sebagai kes kajian. Data dan maklumat rekod tahun 2008 dijadikan sebagai anggaran untuk kos dan bilangan peserta. Hasil kajian mendapati pihak Wetland Putrajaya boleh mencapai keuntungan lebih 40% daripada jumlah kos dan matlamat untuk memaksimumkan bilangan peserta bagi aktiviti yang terlibat juga tercapai.
    Matched MeSH terms: Wetlands
  8. Nazrina Aziz
    Sains Malaysiana, 2014;43:1973-1977.
    There are two main reasons that motivate people to detect outliers; the first is the researchers' intention; see the example of Mr Haldum's cases in Barnett and Lewis. The second is the effect of outliers on analyses. This article does not differentiate between the various justifications for outlier detection. The aim was to advise the analyst about observations that are isolated from the other observations in the data set. In this article, we introduce the eigenstructure based angle for outlier detection. This method is simple and effective in dealing with masking and swamping problems. The method proposed is illustrated and compared with Mahalanobis distance by using several data sets.
    Matched MeSH terms: Wetlands
  9. Mokhtari M, Ghaffar MA, Usup G, Cob ZC
    PLoS One, 2015;10(1):e0117467.
    PMID: 25629519 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117467
    In tropical regions, different species of fiddler crabs coexist on the mangrove floor, which sometimes makes it difficult to define species-specific habitat by visual inspection. The aim of this study is to find key environmental parameters which affect the distribution of fiddler crabs and to determine the habitats in which each species was most abundant. Crabs were collected from 19 sites within the mudflats of Sepang-Lukut mangrove forest. Temperature, porewater salinity, organic matter, water content, carbon and nitrogen content, porosity, chlorophyll content, pH, redox potential, sediment texture and heavy metals were determined in each 1 m2 quadrate. Pearson correlation indicated that all sediment properties except pH and redox potential were correlated with sediment grain size. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) indicated that Uca paradussumieri was negatively correlated with salinity and redox potential. Sand dwelling species, Uca perplexa and Uca annulipes, were highly dependent on the abundance of 250 μm and 150 μm grain size particles in the sediment. Canonical Discriminative Analysis (CDA) indicated that variation in sediment grain size best explained where each crab species was most abundant. Moreover, U. paradussumieri commonly occupies muddy substrates of low shore, while U. forcipata lives under the shade of mangrove trees. U. annulipes and U. perplexa with the high number of spoon tipped setae on their second maxiliped are specialized to feed on the sandy sediments. U. rosea and U. triangularis are more common on muddy sediment with high sediment density. In conclusion, sediment grain size that influences most sediment properties acts as a main factor responsible for sediment heterogeneity. In this paper, the correlation between fiddler crab species and environmental parameters, as well as the interaction between sediment characteristics, was explained in order to define the important environmental factors in fiddler crab distributions.
    Matched MeSH terms: Wetlands*
  10. Watanabe A, Moroi K, Sato H, Tsutsuki K, Maie N, Melling L, et al.
    Chemosphere, 2012 Aug;88(10):1265-8.
    PMID: 22564456 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.04.005
    Wetlands are an important source of DOM. However, the quantity and quality of wetlands' DOM from various climatic regions have not been studied comprehensively. The relationship between the concentrations of DOM (DOC), humic substances (HS) and non-humic substances (NHS) in wetland associated sloughs, streams and rivers, in cool temperate (Hokkaido, Japan), sub-tropical (Florida, USA), and tropical (Sarawak, Malaysia) regions was investigated. The DOC ranged from 1.0 to 15.6 mg CL(-1) in Hokkaido, 6.0-24.4 mg CL(-1) in Florida, and 18.9-75.3 mg CL(-1) in Sarawak, respectively. The relationship between DOC and HS concentrations for the whole sample set was regressed to a primary function with y-intercept of zero (P<0.005) and a slope value of 0.841. A similar correlation was observed between DOC and NHS concentrations, with a smaller slope value of 0.159. However, the correlation coefficient of the latter was much larger when the data was regressed to a logarithmic curve. These observations suggest the presence of a general tendency that the increased DOC in the river waters was mainly due to the increased supply of HS from wetland soils, whereas the rate of the increase in the NHS supply has an upper limit which may be controlled by primary productivity.
    Matched MeSH terms: Wetlands*
  11. Friess DA, Yando ES, Abuchahla GMO, Adams JB, Cannicci S, Canty SWJ, et al.
    Curr Biol, 2020 02 24;30(4):R153-R154.
    PMID: 32097637 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2019.12.054
    Friess et al. discuss the results of conservation efforts for mangrove forests in recent years.
    Matched MeSH terms: Wetlands*
  12. Ahmad A, Sheikh Abdullah SR, Hasan HA, Othman AR, Ismail N'
    J Environ Manage, 2021 Jun 01;287:112271.
    PMID: 33706093 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112271
    The aquaculture industry has become increasingly important and is rapidly growing in terms of providing a protein food source for human consumption. With the increase in the global population, demand for aquaculture is high and is estimated to reach 62% of the total global production by 2030. In 2018, it was reported that the demand for aquaculture was 46% of the total production, and with the current positive trends, it may be possible to increase tremendously in the coming years. China is still one of the main players in global aquaculture production. Due to high demand, aquaculture production generates large volumes of effluent, posing a great danger to the environment. Aquaculture effluent comprises solid waste and dissolved constituents, including nutrients and contaminants of emerging concern, thereby bringing detrimental impacts such as eutrophication, chemical toxicity, and food insecurity. Waste can be removed through culture systems, constructed wetlands, biofloc, and other treatment technologies. Some methods have the potential to be applied as zero-waste discharge treatment. Thus, this article analyses the supply and demand for aquaculture products, the best practices adopted in the aquaculture industry, effluent characteristics, current issues, and effluent treatment technology.
    Matched MeSH terms: Wetlands*
  13. Roucoux KH, Lawson IT, Baker TR, Del Castillo Torres D, Draper FC, Lähteenoja O, et al.
    Conserv Biol, 2017 12;31(6):1283-1292.
    PMID: 28272753 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.12925
    Large, intact areas of tropical peatland are highly threatened at a global scale by the expansion of commercial agriculture and other forms of economic development. Conserving peatlands on a landscape scale, with their hydrology intact, is of international conservation importance to preserve their distinctive biodiversity and ecosystem services and maintain their resilience to future environmental change. We explored threats to and opportunities for conserving remaining intact tropical peatlands; thus, we excluded peatlands of Indonesia and Malaysia, where extensive deforestation, drainage, and conversion to plantations means conservation in this region can protect only small fragments of the original ecosystem. We focused on a case study, the Pastaza-Marañón Foreland Basin (PMFB) in Peru, which is among the largest known intact tropical peatland landscapes in the world and is representative of peatland vulnerability. Maintenance of the hydrological conditions critical for carbon storage and ecosystem function of peatlands is, in the PMFB, primarily threatened by expansion of commercial agriculture linked to new transport infrastructure that is facilitating access to remote areas. There remain opportunities in the PMFB and elsewhere to develop alternative, more sustainable land-use practices. Although some of the peatlands in the PMFB fall within existing legally protected areas, this protection does not include the most carbon-dense (domed pole forest) areas. New carbon-based conservation instruments (e.g., REDD+, Green Climate Fund), developing markets for sustainable peatland products, transferring land title to local communities, and expanding protected areas offer pathways to increased protection for intact tropical peatlands in Amazonia and elsewhere, such as those in New Guinea and Central Africa which remain, for the moment, broadly beyond the frontier of commercial development.
    Matched MeSH terms: Wetlands*
  14. Hamilton SE, Presotto A, Lembo AJ
    PLoS One, 2022;17(11):e0277440.
    PMID: 36367876 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0277440
    Global and spatially explicit information about the interaction between habitat and wildlife species is critical to enhancing conservation efforts. Despite the recognized importance of mangrove forests to non-human primates, the relationship between the two lacks understanding. To counter this, we created the MangPrim-21 database to map and measure the locations of interactions between all non-human primates and all mangrove forests globally. We report our findings across the global, national, and local scales for all inventoried non-human primates and all inventoried mangrove forests. Globally, we find that half of all non-primates potentially use mangrove forests, and more than half of the global mangrove forest falls within the delineated range of at least one non-human primate species. Nationally, we find that Indonesia, Madagascar, Brazil, Cameroon, and Malaysia likely have the most non-human primate and mangrove forest interactions. At the subnational level, we find that several discrete locations in Kalimantan are critical to both mangrove forests and non-human primates. The MangPrim-21 database provides a globally consistent and locally applicable database of non-human primate and mangrove forest interactions. The results presented have broader implications for non-human primate and mangrove conservation and global actions to protect both. Additionally, our results raise questions about the idea that non-human primates primarily use mangrove forests as a refuge from human encroachment and habitat degradation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Wetlands*
  15. Ke GN, Utama IKAP, Wagner T, Sweetman AK, Arshad A, Nath TK, et al.
    Front Public Health, 2022;10:898276.
    PMID: 36438217 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.898276
    Mangrove forests possess multiple functions for the environment and society through their valuable ecosystem services. Along with this, the mangrove forests have large and diverse social values, in combination contributing to the health and wellbeing of the surrounding communities. This study aims (i) to assess the benefits of mangrove forests and their impact on subjective and psychological wellbeing of coastal communities and (ii) to understand the challenges coastal communities face that limit sustainable wellbeing. We have used a mixed methodological approach, combining workshop, interview, and survey, to obtain qualitative and quantitative information from two coastal communities in Malaysia and Indonesia. For quantitative data, 67 participants from both coastal communities participated using a pre-tested structured questionnaire. To obtain opinions from key informants in Malaysia and Indonesia, we organized two stakeholders' workshops and community interviews. When merging these interviews and workshops, we identified the following three themes related to the perception of mangrove forest benefits: (1) the advantage of living in a natural countryside; (2) the natural resources supporting employment, income, and family security; and (3) the increase in subjective and psychological wellbeing. The mean score of wellbeing for Indonesian participants (28.6) was slightly higher than that for Malaysian participants (26.2) and was significant. Overall, the respondents felt happy because the combination of job security and leisure activities supports feeling content and satisfied. The analyses also suggest that the combination of exposure to coastal environments and stress reduction promotes good mental health; however, diagnostic health data are lacking. The lower score of mental wellbeing in Malaysia is attributed to respondents involved in risky fishing activities and local regions with excessive tourism. The findings from this study imply that coastal mangrove forest management plays an important role in the living conditions of coastal communities and their subjective and psychological wellbeing. Hence, restoration and sustainability of mangrove ecosystem are important.
    Matched MeSH terms: Wetlands*
  16. Noweg T, Nelson J, Lip HM, Yeo SJ, Keleman A, Philip B
    Environ Monit Assess, 2023 Dec 06;196(1):15.
    PMID: 38055089 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-12191-9
    The alarming rate of the mangrove ecosystem loss poses a threat of losing valuable carbon sinks. This study was conducted to (i) determine the growth structure in different vegetation types and (ii) compare the aboveground biomass (AGB) and carbon storage in different vegetation types. The study was conducted at four vegetation types within the Rajang-Belawai-Paloh delta i.e., Matured Bakau-Berus Forest (MBBF), Bakau-Nipah Forest (BNF), Regenerating Forests (Debris pile) [RF-D], and Regenerating Forests (Machinery track) [RF-M]. Inventory plots (20 m × 20 m) are systematically located along the main waterways and smaller rivers/streams. Trees (≥ 5 cm diameter-at-breast height [DBH]), seedlings (< 2-cm stem diameter), and saplings (2-4.9-cm stem diameter) were measured. The trend of total trees per hectare is found to be decreasing across the least disturbed vegetation (MBBF) to the most disturbed vegetation (RF-M). The trends of total seedlings and saplings per hectare are found to be going upwards from the least disturbed vegetation to the most disturbed vegetation. Kruskal-Wallis H-test showed that there is a significant difference in the AGB and carbon storage between different vegetation types, χ2(2) = 43.98, p = 0.00 with the highest mean rank AGB and carbon storage in BNF (612.20 t/ha) and lowest in RF-M (287.85 t/ha). It can be concluded that although the most disturbed vegetations have higher regeneration, it may not contribute to the forest's carbon storage The naturally regenerated seedlings may not grow beyond the sapling stage unless sustainable forest management is conducted to ensure survivability and growth.
    Matched MeSH terms: Wetlands*
  17. Kumar A, Singh UK, Pradhan B
    J Environ Manage, 2024 Feb;351:119943.
    PMID: 38169263 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119943
    Acid mine drainage (AMD) is recognized as a major environmental challenge in the Western United States, particularly in Colorado, leading to extreme subsurface contamination issue. Given Colorado's arid climate and dependence on groundwater, an accurate assessment of AMD-induced contamination is deemed crucial. While in past, machine learning (ML)-based inversion algorithms were used to reconstruct ground electrical properties (GEP) such as relative dielectric permittivity (RDP) from ground penetrating radar (GPR) data for contamination assessment, their inherent non-linear nature can introduce significant uncertainty and non-uniqueness into the reconstructed models. This is a challenge that traditional ML methods are not explicitly designed to address. In this study, a probabilistic hybrid technique has been introduced that combines the DeepLabv3+ architecture-based deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) with an ensemble prediction-based Monte Carlo (MC) dropout method. Different MC dropout rates (1%, 5%, and 10%) were initially evaluated using 1D and 2D synthetic GPR data for accurate and reliable RDP model prediction. The optimal rate was chosen based on minimal prediction uncertainty and the closest alignment of the mean or median model with the true RDP model. Notably, with the optimal MC dropout rate, prediction accuracy of over 95% for the 1D and 2D cases was achieved. Motivated by these results, the hybrid technique was applied to field GPR data collected over an AMD-impacted wetland near Silverton, Colorado. The field results underscored the hybrid technique's ability to predict an accurate subsurface RDP distribution for estimating the spatial extent of AMD-induced contamination. Notably, this technique not only provides a precise assessment of subsurface contamination but also ensures consistent interpretations of subsurface condition by different environmentalists examining the same GPR data. In conclusion, the hybrid technique presents a promising avenue for future environmental studies in regions affected by AMD or other contaminants that alter the natural distribution of GEP.
    Matched MeSH terms: Wetlands*
  18. Friess DA, Thompson BS, Brown B, Amir AA, Cameron C, Koldewey HJ, et al.
    Conserv Biol, 2016 10;30(5):933-49.
    PMID: 27341487 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.12784
    Many drivers of mangrove forest loss operate over large scales and are most effectively addressed by policy interventions. However, conflicting or unclear policy objectives exist at multiple tiers of government, resulting in contradictory management decisions. To address this, we considered four approaches that are being used increasingly or could be deployed in Southeast Asia to ensure sustainable livelihoods and biodiversity conservation. First, a stronger incorporation of mangroves into marine protected areas (that currently focus largely on reefs and fisheries) could resolve some policy conflicts and ensure that mangroves do not fall through a policy gap. Second, examples of community and government comanagement exist, but achieving comanagement at scale will be important in reconciling stakeholders and addressing conflicting policy objectives. Third, private-sector initiatives could protect mangroves through existing and novel mechanisms in degraded areas and areas under future threat. Finally, payments for ecosystem services (PES) hold great promise for mangrove conservation, with carbon PES schemes (known as blue carbon) attracting attention. Although barriers remain to the implementation of PES, the potential to implement them at multiple scales exists. Closing the gap between mangrove conservation policies and action is crucial to the improved protection and management of this imperiled coastal ecosystem and to the livelihoods that depend on them.
    Matched MeSH terms: Wetlands*
  19. Serrano O, Lovelock CE, B Atwood T, Macreadie PI, Canto R, Phinn S, et al.
    Nat Commun, 2019 10 02;10(1):4313.
    PMID: 31575872 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12176-8
    Policies aiming to preserve vegetated coastal ecosystems (VCE; tidal marshes, mangroves and seagrasses) to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions require national assessments of blue carbon resources. Here, we present organic carbon (C) storage in VCE across Australian climate regions and estimate potential annual CO2 emission benefits of VCE conservation and restoration. Australia contributes 5-11% of the C stored in VCE globally (70-185 Tg C in aboveground biomass, and 1,055-1,540 Tg C in the upper 1 m of soils). Potential CO2 emissions from current VCE losses are estimated at 2.1-3.1 Tg CO2-e yr-1, increasing annual CO2 emissions from land use change in Australia by 12-21%. This assessment, the most comprehensive for any nation to-date, demonstrates the potential of conservation and restoration of VCE to underpin national policy development for reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
    Matched MeSH terms: Wetlands*
  20. Curnick DJ, Pettorelli N, Amir AA, Balke T, Barbier EB, Crooks S, et al.
    Science, 2019 01 18;363(6424):239.
    PMID: 30655434 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaw0809
    Matched MeSH terms: Wetlands*
Filters
Contact Us

Please provide feedback to Administrator (afdal@afpm.org.my)

External Links