MyMedR

Fulltext Chikungunya virus of Central/East African genotype detected in Malaysia

Soon YY, Junaidi I, Kumarasamy V, Chem YK, Juliana R, Chua KB

Med J Malaysia, 2007 Aug;62(3):214-7.

Since its isolation in Tanzania in 1953, chikungunya virus has caused periodic outbreaks in both tropical Africa and Asia. In the last decade, the virus has shown not only increased activity but has expanded its geographical locations, thus classical delineation of various genotypes of chikungunya virus to specific geographic locales no longer holds true. Rapid mass movement of people and the constant presence of the right vectors in this region could have contributed to the change in virus ecology. This paper documents the first detection of chikungunya virus of Central/East genotype in Malaysia from a patient who was most likely infected with the virus during her visit to India. Without good Aedes vector measures, only time will tell whether this genotype rather than the existing endemic genotype will subsequently cause the next chikungunya outbreak in Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Chikungunya virus/isolation & purification

Fulltext Detection of Wolbachia in Aedes albopictus and Their Effects on Chikungunya Virus

Ahmad NA, Vythilingam I, Lim YAL, Zabari NZAM, Lee HL

Am J Trop Med Hyg, 2017 Jan 11;96(1):148-156.

PMID: 27920393 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.16-0516

Wolbachia-based vector control strategies have been proposed as a means to augment the currently existing measures for controlling dengue and chikungunya vectors. Prior to utilizing Wolbachia as a novel vector control strategy, it is crucial to understand the Wolbachia-mosquito interactions. In this study, field surveys were conducted to screen for the infection status of Wolbachia in field-collected Aedes albopictus The effects of Wolbachia in its native host toward the replication and dissemination of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) was also studied. The prevalence of Wolbachia-infected field-collected Ae. albopictus was estimated to be 98.6% (N = 142) for females and 95.1% (N = 102) for males in the population studied. The Ae. albopictus were naturally infected with both wAlbA and wAlbB strains. We also found that the native Wolbachia has no impact on CHIKV infection and minimal effect on CHIKV dissemination to secondary organs.

Matched MeSH terms: Chikungunya virus/isolation & purification*

Detection of Persistent Chikungunya Virus RNA but not Infectious Virus in Experimental Vertical Transmission in Aedes aegypti from Malaysia

Wong HV, Vythilingam I, Sulaiman WY, Lulla A, Merits A, Chan YF, et al.

Am J Trop Med Hyg, 2016 Jan;94(1):182-6.

PMID: 26598564 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.15-0318

Vertical transmission may contribute to the maintenance of arthropod-borne viruses, but its existence in chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is unclear. Experimental vertical transmission of infectious clones of CHIKV in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes from Malaysia was investigated. Eggs and adult progeny from the second gonotrophic cycles of infected parental mosquitoes were tested. Using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), 56.3% of pooled eggs and 10% of adult progeny had detectable CHIKV RNA, but no samples had detectable infectious virus by plaque assay. Transfected CHIKV RNA from PCR-positive eggs did not yield infectious virus in BHK-21 cells. Thus, vertical transmission of viable CHIKV was not demonstrated. Noninfectious CHIKV RNA persists in eggs and progeny of infected Ae. aegypti, but the mechanism and significance are unknown. There is insufficient evidence to conclude that vertical transmission exists in CHIKV, as positive results reported in previous studies were almost exclusively based only on viral RNA detection.

Matched MeSH terms: Chikungunya virus/isolation & purification*

Fulltext Assessing the threat of chikungunya virus emergence in Australia

Viennet E, Knope K, Faddy HM, Williams CR, Harley D

Commun Dis Intell Q Rep, 2013 Jun;37(2):E136-43.

PMID: 24168087

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a major threat to Australia given the distribution of competent vectors, and the large number of travellers returning from endemic regions. We describe current knowledge of CHIKV importations into Australia, and quantify reported viraemic cases, with the aim of facilitating the formulation of public health policy and ensuring maintenance of blood safety.

Matched MeSH terms: Chikungunya virus/isolation & purification*

Fulltext Identification of Chikungunya virus strains circulating in Kelantan, Malaysia in 2009

Apandi Y, Lau SK, Izmawati N, Amal NM, Faudzi Y, Mansor W, et al.

Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 2010 Nov;41(6):1374-80.

PMID: 21329313

Malaysia experienced its first outbreak of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection in late 1998 in Klang District in Selangor; six years later the virus re-emerged in the state of Perak. All the CHIKV isolates in 1988 and 2006 shared high sequence similarities and belonged to the Asian genotype. In 2007 and 2008 CHIKV infection again reemerged but the genotype was the Central/East African genotype. This strain was found to be similar to the strains causing outbreaks in the India Ocean. In 2009, the strains circulating in Malaysia, including the state of Kelantan, based on the partial E1 gene, also belong to the Central/East African genotype.

Matched MeSH terms: Chikungunya virus/isolation & purification*

Fulltext Diagnosis and management of imported Chikungunya fever in Taiwan: a case report

Chang K, Hsieh HC, Tsai JJ, Lin WR, Lu PL, Chen YH

Kaohsiung J. Med. Sci., 2010 May;26(5):256-60.

PMID: 20466336 DOI: 10.1016/S1607-551X(10)70037-1

Chikungunya virus, a mosquito-borne alphavirus, is endemic in Africa and Southeast Asia but is rarely reported in Taiwan. We report the case of a Taiwanese woman who developed Chikungunya fever, which was first diagnosed by a clinician rather than by fever screening at an airport. The woman presented with fever, maculopapular rash, and arthralgia, the triad for the disease, on the day she returned home after a trip to Malaysia. These symptoms are very similar to those of dengue fever, which is endemic in Southern Taiwan. Chikungunya infection was confirmed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and seroconversion on paired serum specimens. For approximately 40 years until 2006, no cases of Chikungunya fever had been found in Taiwan. Clinicians in Taiwan should consider Chikungunya fever as a possible diagnosis for a febrile patient with arthralgia, rash, and a history of travel to an endemic area, such as Africa or Southeast Asia.

Matched MeSH terms: Chikungunya virus/isolation & purification*

Fulltext Outbreak of chikungunya in Johor Bahru, Malaysia: clinical and laboratory features of hospitalized patients

Chew LP, Chua HH

Med J Malaysia, 2009 Sep;64(3):220-2.

PMID: 20527272

In 2008, an outbreak of chikungunya infection occurred in Johor. We performed a retrospective review of all laboratory confirmed adult chikungunya cases admitted to Hospital Sultanah Aminah, Johor Bahru from April to August 2008, looking into clinical and laboratory features. A total of 18 laboratory confirmed cases of chikungunya were identified with patients presenting with fever, joint pain, rash and vomiting. Haemorrhagic signs were not seen. Lymphopenia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, raised liver enzymes and deranged coagulation profile were the prominent laboratory findings. We hope this study can help guide physician making a diagnosis of chikungunya against other arborviruses infection.

Matched MeSH terms: Chikungunya virus/isolation & purification*

Fulltext Seroprevalence survey of Chikungunya virus in Bagan Panchor, Malaysia

Ayu SM, Lai LR, Chan YF, Hatim A, Hairi NN, Ayob A, et al.

Am J Trop Med Hyg, 2010 Dec;83(6):1245-8.

PMID: 21118929 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.2010.10-0279

In 2006, an outbreak of Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) of the Asian genotype affected over 200 people in Bagan Panchor village in Malaysia. One year later, a post-outbreak survey was performed to determine attack rate, asymptomatic rate, and post-infection sequelae. Findings were compared with recent CHIKV outbreaks of the Central/East African genotype. A total of 180 residents were interviewed for acute symptoms and post-infection physical quality of life and depressive symptoms. Sera from 72 residents were tested for CHIKV neutralizing antibodies. The estimated attack rate was 55.6%, and 17.5% of infected residents were asymptomatic. Arthralgia was reported up to 3 months after infection, but there were no reports of long-term functional dependence or depression. Symptomatic and seropositive residents were significantly more likely to live in the area with the most dense housing and commercial activities. CHIKV had a high attack rate and considerable clinical impact during the Bagan Panchor outbreak.

Matched MeSH terms: Chikungunya virus/isolation & purification*

Fulltext Chikungunya in Singapore: imported cases among travelers visiting friends and relatives

Lim PL, Oh HM, Ooi EE

J Travel Med, 2009 Jul-Aug;16(4):289-91.

PMID: 19674272 DOI: 10.1111/j.1708-8305.2009.00313.x

Chikungunya infections were detected in Singapore among returning travelers who had visited friends and relatives (VFR) in India and Malaysia. These sporadic imported cases occurred over a year before the 2008 chikungunya outbreaks in Singapore, demonstrating the potential for introducing this emerging viral infection into new areas via VFR travel.

Matched MeSH terms: Chikungunya virus/isolation & purification*

Fulltext Refractoriness of Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) to dual infection with dengue and chikungunya virus

Rohani A, Potiwat R, Zamree I, Lee HL

Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 2009 May;40(3):443-8.

PMID: 19842428

In this study, artificial membrane feeding technique was used to orally feed Aedes aegypti with dengue and chikungunya viruses. Virus detection was carried out by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. The study did not detect dual infection of Ae. aegypti with dengue and chikungunya virus from the same pool or from individual mosquitoes. Oral receptivity of Ae. aegypti to chikungunya virus was higher than that of dengue virus.

Matched MeSH terms: Chikungunya virus/isolation & purification*

Fulltext Chikungunya virus infection

Sam IC, Sulaiman AB

Med J Malaysia, 2006 Jun;61(2):264-9.

PMID: 16898330 MyJurnal

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-borne alphavirus which causes epidemic fever, rash and polyarthralgia in Africa and Asia. Two outbreaks have been reported in Malaysia, in Klang, Selangor (1998) and Bagan Panchor, Perak (2006). It is not known if the outbreaks were caused by the recent introduction of CHIKV, or if the virus was already circulating in Malaysia. Seroprevalence studies from the 1960s suggested previous disease activity in certain parts of the country. In Asia, CHIKV is thought to be transmitted by the same mosquitoes as dengue, Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus. Due to similarities in clinical presentation with dengue, limited awareness, and a lack of laboratory diagnostic capability, CHIKV is probably often underdiagnosed or misdiagnosed as dengue. Treatment is supportive. The prognosis is generally good, although some patients experience chronic arthritis. With no vaccine or antiviral available, prevention and control depends on surveillance, early identification of outbreaks, and vector control. CHIKV should be borne in mind in sporadic cases, and in patients epidemiologically linked to ongoing local or international outbreaks or endemic areas.

Matched MeSH terms: Chikungunya virus/isolation & purification*

Fulltext Re-emergence of Chikungunya virus in Malaysia

Kumarasamy V, Prathapa S, Zuridah H, Chem YK, Norizah I, Chua KB

Med J Malaysia, 2006 Jun;61(2):221-5.

PMID: 16898316 MyJurnal

An outbreak of Chikugunya (CHIK) fever occurred among the fishing community in Bagan Pancor, Perak. The outbreak was laboratory confirmed within 48 hours after the receipt of the specimens. Fifty-three patients' serum samples were submitted for laboratory investigation and 47 (88.7%) were confirmed to be positive for CHIK infection by RT-PCR, and/or virus isolation, and/or in-house immunoflourescent test. RT-PCR and virus isolation were the tests of choice for patients with illness of four days or less and detection of CHIK specific IgM for those with more than four days of fever. The nucleic acid sequence based on the 354- and 294-bp of the nsP1 and E1 genes of the CHIK virus detected from pools of adults Aedes aegypti mosquitoes were identical to those CHIKV virus isolated from humans in the same locality. Phylogenetic analysis of the CHIK virus based on the 257 nts partial E1 gene indicates that Bagan Panchor's strain was closely related to the first CHIK virus isolated during the outbreak in Klang in 1998.

Matched MeSH terms: Chikungunya virus/isolation & purification*

Detection and Quantification of Chikungunya Virus by Real-Time RT-PCR Assay

Wang SM, Ali UH, Sekaran SD, Thayan R

Methods Mol Biol, 2016;1426:105-17.

PMID: 27233265 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3618-2_10

Real-time PCR assay has many advantages over conventional PCR methods, including rapidity, quantitative measurement, low risk of contamination, high sensitivity, high specificity, and ease of standardization (Mackay et al., Nucleic Acids Res 30:1292-1305, 2002). The real-time PCR system relies upon the measurement of a fluorescent reporter during PCR, in which the amount of emitted fluorescence is directly proportional to the amount of the PCR product in a reaction (Gibsons et al., Genome Res 6:995-1001, 1996). Here, we describe the use of SYBR Green I-based and TaqMan(®) real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for the detection and quantification of Chikungunya virus (CHIKV).

Matched MeSH terms: Chikungunya virus/isolation & purification*

Emerging and re-emerging diseases in Malaysia

Lam SK

Asia Pac J Public Health, 2002;14(1):6-8.

PMID: 12597511 DOI: 10.1177/101053950201400103

Emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases have become a major global problem. Malaysia appears to be an epicenter for such infections and in recent years, several outbreaks have occurred resulting in loss of lives and economic hardships. In this paper, we discussed the outbreaks of leptospirosis, enterovirus 71 encephalitis, chikungunya polyarthritis and Nipah encephalitis and how a developing country such as Malaysia managed the situation with the help of international agencies and organisations. Many valuable lessons were learned and by sharing our experience, it is hoped that we will be in a better position to handle future outbreaks and prevent their spread to countries in the region.

Matched MeSH terms: Chikungunya virus/isolation & purification

Fulltext Rapid detection of chikungunya virus in laboratory infected Aedes aegypti by Reverse-Transcriptase- Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR)

Rohani A, Yulfi H, Zamree I, Lee HL

Trop Biomed, 2005 Dec;22(2):149-54.

PMID: 16883281 MyJurnal

A study of chikungunya virus was carried out to establish Reverse Transcriptase- Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) as a rapid detection technique of the virus. The susceptibility of lab-colonized Aedes aegypti to chikungunya virus was also determined. Artificial membrane feeding technique was used to orally feed the mosquitoes with a human isolate of chikungunya virus. A total of 100 fully engorged female Ae. aegypti were obtained and maintained for 7 days. Seventy of them survived and then pooled at 10 individuals per pool. Total RNA was extracted from the samples and RT-PCR amplifications were carried out. Five out of 7 pools showed positive PCR band at 350-bp, indicating Ae. aegypti is a potential vector of chikungunya virus. The minimum infection rate (MIR) was 71% within these laboratory colonies. RT-PCR is a sensitive technique that is useful in detecting infected mosquitoes in epidemic areas. This technique can de used as a rapid detection method and provide an early virologic surveillance systems of chikungunya virus infected mosquitoes.

Matched MeSH terms: Chikungunya virus/isolation & purification*

Fulltext Reemergence of endemic Chikungunya, Malaysia

AbuBakar S, Sam IC, Wong PF, MatRahim N, Hooi PS, Roslan N

Emerg Infect Dis, 2007 Jan;13(1):147-9.

PMID: 17370532

Chikungunya virus infection recently reemerged in Malaysia after 7 years of nondetection. Genomic sequences of recovered isolates were highly similar to those of Malaysian isolates from the 1998 outbreak. The reemergence of the infection is not part of the epidemics in other Indian Ocean countries but raises the possibility that chikungunya virus is endemic in Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Chikungunya virus/isolation & purification*

Fulltext Chikungunya virus in macaques, Malaysia

Sam IC, Chua CL, Rovie-Ryan JJ, Fu JY, Tong C, Sitam FT, et al.

Emerg Infect Dis, 2015 Sep;21(9):1683-5.

PMID: 26291585 DOI: 10.3201/eid2109.150439

Matched MeSH terms: Chikungunya virus/isolation & purification*

A summary of the imported cases of Chikungunya fever in Japan from 2006 to June 2016

Nakayama E, Tajima S, Kotaki A, Shibasaki KI, Itokawa K, Kato K, et al.

J Travel Med, 2018 01 01;25(1).

PMID: 29394382 DOI: 10.1093/jtm/tax072

Background: Due to the huge 2-way human traffic between Japan and Chikungunya (CHIK) fever-endemic regions, 89 imported cases of CHIK fever were confirmed in Japan from January 2006 to June 2016. Fifty-four of 89 cases were confirmed virologically and serologically at the National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan and we present the demographic profiles of the patients and the phylogenetic features of 14 CHIK virus (CHIKV) isolates.

Methods: Patients were diagnosed with CHIK fever by a combination of virus isolation, viral RNA amplification, IgM antibody-, IgG antibody-, and/or neutralizing antibody detection. The whole-genome sequences of the CHIKV isolates were determined by next-generation sequencing.

Results: Prior to 2014, the source countries of the imported CHIK fever cases were limited to South and Southeast Asian countries. After 2014, when outbreaks occurred in the Pacific and Caribbean Islands and Latin American countries, there was an increase in the number of imported cases from these regions. A phylogenetic analysis of 14 isolates revealed that four isolates recovered from three patients who returned from Sri Lanka, Malaysia and Angola, belonged to the East/Central/South African genotype, while 10 isolates from 10 patients who returned from Indonesia, the Philippines, Tonga, the Commonwealth of Dominica, Colombia and Cuba, belonged to the Asian genotype.

Conclusion: Through the phylogenetic analysis of the isolates, we could predict the situations of the CHIK fever epidemics in Indonesia, Angola and Cuba. Although Japan has not yet experienced an autochthonous outbreak of CHIK fever, the possibility of the future introduction of CHIKV through an imported case and subsequent local transmission should be considered, especially during the mosquito-active season. The monitoring and reporting of imported cases will be useful to understand the situation of the global epidemic, to increase awareness of and facilitate the diagnosis of CHIK fever, and to identify a future CHIK fever outbreak in Japan.

Matched MeSH terms: Chikungunya virus/isolation & purification*

Real-time polymerase chain reaction for diagnosis and quantitation of negative strand of chikungunya virus

Chiam CW, Chan YF, Loong SK, Yong SS, Hooi PS, Sam IC

Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis, 2013 Oct;77(2):133-7.

PMID: 23886793 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2013.06.018

Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) is useful for diagnosis and studying virus replication. We developed positive- and negative-strand qRT-PCR assays to detect nsP3 of chikungunya virus (CHIKV), a positive-strand RNA alphavirus that causes epidemic fever, rash, and arthritis. The positive- and negative-strand qRT-PCR assays had limits of quantification of 1 and 3 log10 RNA copies/reaction, respectively. Compared to a published E1 diagnostic assay using 30 laboratory-confirmed clinical samples, the positive-strand nsP3 qRT-PCR assay had higher R(2) and efficiency and detected more positive samples. Peak viral load of 12.9 log(10) RNA copies/mL was reached on day 2 of illness, and RNA was detectable up to day 9, even in the presence of anti-CHIKV IgM. There was no correlation between viral load and persistent arthralgia. The positive-strand nsP3 assay is suitable for diagnosis, while the negative-strand nsP3 assay, which uses tagged primers to increase specificity, is useful for study of active viral replication kinetics.

Matched MeSH terms: Chikungunya virus/isolation & purification*

Fulltext Broad reactive monoclonal antibodies for rapid identification of enteroviruses show cross-reactivity with chikungunya virus infected cells

Khairul AH, Chem YK, Keniscope C, Rosli J, Hassan S, Mat J, et al.

Malays J Pathol, 2010 Jun;32(1):49-52.

PMID: 20614726 MyJurnal

In the past decade, enterovirus 71 (EV71) and chikungunya (CHIK) virus have re-emerged periodically causing serious public health problems in Malaysia, since their first emergence in 1997 and 1998 respectively. This study demonstrates that CHIK virus causes similar patterns of cytopathic effect in cultured Vero cells as some enteroviruses. They also show positive cross-reaction on direct immunofluorescence staining using monoclonal antibodies meant for typing enteroviruses. Without adequate clinical and epidemiological information for correlation, CHIK virus isolated from patients with acute febrile rash can be wrongly reported as untypeable enterovirus due to its cross-reactivity with commercial pan-enterovirus monoclonal antibodies. This is due to the diagnostic laboratory being unaware of such cross-reactions as it has not been reported previously. Final identification of the virus could be determined with specific antibodies or molecular typing using specific oligonucleotide primers for the CHIK virus.

Matched MeSH terms: Chikungunya virus/isolation & purification*

Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 32 in total