Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 142 in total

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  1. WALLACE MF
    Med J Malaya, 1954 Mar;8(3):251-9.
    PMID: 13164695
    Matched MeSH terms: Chloroquine*
  2. Wallace RB
    Med J Malaya, 1950;4:190-204.
    This work, carried out on a rubber estate in Malaya during 1949, was a Continuation of the trials begun in 1948 previously recorded [this Bulletin, 1949, v 46, 1116]. Full details concerning the terrain and the nature of the experiment were given in the previous publication. In 1949 the malaria rate in the area approached the rates which were customary in pre-war years, for the first time since the reoccupation of the country. The Indian population which was chosen for the experiment contains the survivors of the Japanese occupation; many had been in Siam and almost all had suffered from malaria. Treatment had been entirely lacking or very inadequate, with the result that the survivors had developed a high degree of immunity by the end of the war. These facts probably explain the low incidence of malaria in post-war years in spite of high prevalence of A. maculatus. No anti-larval measures have been carried out since 1941. Neo-premaline completely suppressed malaria in one group, the control group showing a high incidence. In other groups chloroquine, or chloroquine and pentaquine combined, given once a week, promptly brought to an end primary waves of malaria which were rising rapidly.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chloroquine
  3. Field JW, Strahan JH, Edeson JF, Wilson T
    Med J Malaya, 1954;7:67-89.
    This paper from the Malaria Research Division, Institute for Medical Research, Federation of Malaya, summarizes the results of studies on the suppression of malaria by synthetic drugs. Such studies began 25 years ago, and, in spite of interruptions in the work due to the Japanese invasion and due to banditry, studies are reported here on the effects of giving mepacrine in doses of 0.3 gm. once a week; proguanil in doses of 0.1 gm., 0.2 gm., 0.25 gm. and 0.3 gm. once a week; chloroquine in doses of 0.25 gm. once a week; and amodiaquin [camoquin] in dosos of 0.4 grn. base once a month. The populations upon whom the studies were made were labourers and their families-Tamils, Malays, and Javanese, on 3 estates in Selangor, and Negri Sembilan, Federation of Malaya, between December, 1946, and February, 1949. Each population was divided into 3 comparable sections, 2 of which received test drugs, while the third received a placebo and so formed a control group. Drugs were issued under the supervision of a Malaria Research Officer. Those people who developed fever wore supervised and treated by a hospital assistant resident on each estate. Thick blood films from such patients were studied. Parasite and spleen surveys were done every 3 months. Malaria transmission was assessed by the incidence of malaria in unprotected infants, who were not given suppressive drugs until after their first attack; and by the results of mosquito dissections. The commonest vectors woreA. letifer, A. maoulatus and A. umbrosus. The results of the tests of suppressivo drugs are shown in a series of tables, charts, and diagrams. Malarial transmission was considered light during the period of these trials. Chloroquino 0.25 gm. base once weekly proved the most effective drug in suppressing malarial attacks. There was little difference between proguanil in various doses, or between proguanil and mepacrine, but these two drugs were much cheaper than chloroquine or amodiaquin. All the drugs reduced the parasite and spleen rates. No significant toxic symptoms were observed with any of the drugs used. S. Bell.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chloroquine
  4. WILSON T, EDESON JF
    Med J Malaya, 1954 Dec;9(2):115-31.
    PMID: 14355275
    Matched MeSH terms: Chloroquine/therapeutic use*
  5. Fahmy MEA, Abdel-Aal AA, Hassan SI, Shalaby MA, Esmat M, Abdel Shafi IR, et al.
    Trop Biomed, 2023 Mar 01;40(1):115-123.
    PMID: 37356011 DOI: 10.47665/tb.40.1.018
    Toxoplasma gondii, the etiologic agent of toxoplasmosis, infects about 30 - 50% of the world population. The currently available anti-Toxoplasma agents have serious limitations. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of two antimalarials; buparvaquone (BPQ) and chloroquine (CQ), on immunocompromised mice with chronic cerebral toxoplasmosis, using spiramycin as a reference drug. The assessed parameters included the estimation of mortality rates (MR) among mice of the different study groups, in addition to the examination of the ultrastructural changes in the brain tissues by transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that only CQ treatment could decrease the MR significantly with zero deaths, while both spiramycin and BPQ caused an insignificant reduction of MR compared to the infected non-treated group. All the used drugs decreased the number of mature ruptured cysts significantly compared to the infected non-treated group, while only CQ increased the number of atrophic and necrotic cysts significantly. Furthermore, both spiramycin and BPQ improved the microvasculopathy and neurodegeneration accompanying the infection with different degrees of reactive astrocytosis and neuronal damage with the best results regarding the repair of the microvascular damage with less active glial cells, and normal neurons in the CQ-treated group. In conclusion, this study sheds light on CQ and its excellent impact on treating chronic cerebral toxoplasmosis in an immunocompromised mouse model.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chloroquine/pharmacology; Chloroquine/therapeutic use
  6. Chin EZ, Chang WJ, Tan HY, Liew SY, Lau YL, Ng YL, et al.
    Bioorg Med Chem Lett, 2024 May 01;103:129701.
    PMID: 38484804 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2024.129701
    Malaria, a devastating disease, has claimed numerous lives and caused considerable suffering, with young children and pregnant women being the most severely affected group. However, the emergence of multidrug-resistant strains of Plasmodium and the adverse side effects associated with existing antimalarial drugs underscore the urgent need for the development of novel, well-tolerated, and more efficient drugs to combat this global health threat. To address these challenges, six new hydantoins derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro antiplasmodial activity. Notably, compound 2c exhibited excellent inhibitory activity against the tested Pf3D7 strain, with an IC50 value of 3.97 ± 0.01 nM, three-fold better than chloroquine. Following closely, compound 3b demonstrated an IC50 value of 27.52 ± 3.37 µM against the Pf3D7 strain in vitro. Additionally, all the hydantoins derivatives tested showed inactive against human MCR-5 cells, with an IC50 value exceeding 100 μM. In summary, the hydantoin derivative 2c emerges as a promising candidate for further exploration as an antiplasmodial compound.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chloroquine/pharmacology
  7. McKelvey TP, Lundie AR, Williams ED, Moore HS, Worsley DE
    Br Med J, 1968 Dec 14;4(5632):703-4.
    PMID: 5723393
    Matched MeSH terms: Chloroquine/therapeutic use*
  8. Ibraheem ZO, Abdul Majid R, Mohd Noor S, Mohd Sidek H, Basir R
    Iran J Parasitol, 2015 Oct-Dec;10(4):577-83.
    PMID: 26811724
    Nowadays, scourge of malaria as a fatalistic disease has increased due to emergence of drug resistance and tolerance among different strains of Plasmodium falciparum. Emergence of chloroquine (CQ) resistance has worsened the calamity as CQ is still considered the most efficient, safe and cost effective drug among other antimalarials. This urged the scientists to search for other alternatives or sensitizers that may be able to augment CQ action and reverse its resistance.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chloroquine
  9. Andre RG, Cadigan FC, Fredericks HJ, Fong YL
    Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 1972;66(4):644-52.
    PMID: 4561008
    Matched MeSH terms: Chloroquine/administration & dosage; Chloroquine/blood; Chloroquine/therapeutic use*
  10. Naing C, Aung K, Ahmed SI, Mak JW
    PMID: 22936859 DOI: 10.2147/DHPS.S34493
    For all medications, there is a trade-off between benefits and potential for harm. It is important for patient safety to detect drug-event combinations and analyze by appropriate statistical methods. Mefloquine is used as chemoprophylaxis for travelers going to regions with known chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria. As such, there is a concern about serious adverse events associated with mefloquine chemoprophylaxis. The objective of the present study was to assess whether any signal would be detected for the serious adverse events of mefloquine, based on data in clinicoepidemiological studies.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chloroquine
  11. McKelvey TP, Lundie AR, Vanreenen RM, Williams ED, Moore HS, Thomas MJ, et al.
    Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 1971;65(3):286-309.
    PMID: 4934534
    Matched MeSH terms: Chloroquine/administration & dosage; Chloroquine/blood; Chloroquine/therapeutic use*; Chloroquine/urine
  12. Ang HH, Cheang HS
    Chemotherapy, 1999 Nov-Dec;45(6):446-51.
    PMID: 10567775
    Thirty clones were obtained from five Malaysian Plasmodium falciparum isolates using the limiting dilution method. These clones were then subjected to antimalarial testing using the modified in vitro microtechnique. The results showed that ST 85/B3, GC/C10 and ST 85/A2 clones decreased their susceptibilities to 19, 41 and 28% whilst ST 12/F8, ST 85/B3 and ST 85/B3 clones showed increases of 6, 43 and 21%, respectively, against chloroquine, mefloquine and quinine after cryopreservation. Further results also indicated that GC/B4, GC/B7, GC/C10, ST 85/A5, ST 85/D3, ST 148/F8 clones did not show any change (up to 2 decimal places) against chloroquine, ST 12/D5, ST 12/E8, ST 12/F8, ST 148/A5 clones against quinine after cryopreservation. They, however, maintained their original susceptibilities after cryopreservation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chloroquine/pharmacology
  13. Ang HH, Chan KL, Mak JW
    Folia Parasitol., 1998;45(3):196-8.
    PMID: 9805783
    Five Malaysian isolates of the protozoan Plasmodium falciparum Welch were cultured in vitro following the method of Trager and Jensen (1976, 1977) and subsequently cloned using the limiting dilution method of Rosario (1981). Thirty clones were obtained and were later characterized against schizontocidal drugs, chloroquine, mefloquine and quinine, using the modified in vitro microtechnique. Results showed that these local isolates were heterogeneous and most of the clones exhibited similar pattern of susceptibility as their parent isolate except for ST 168 clone and two ST 195 clones that were sensitive but two ST 165 clones, two ST 168 clones and five ST 195 clones were resistant against quinine, respectively. Results also indicated that they were pure clones compared to their parent isolate because their drug susceptibility studies were significantly different (p < 0.05).
    Matched MeSH terms: Chloroquine/pharmacology
  14. Gilles HM
    J Infect, 1989 Jan;18(1):11-23.
    PMID: 2644358
    The epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, prognosis, management, chemotherapy and chemoprophylaxis of malaria are reviewed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chloroquine/therapeutic use
  15. Sandosham AA, Eyles DE, Pull JH, Seng LD
    Med J Malaya, 1966 Dec;21(2):115-24.
    PMID: 4227380
    Matched MeSH terms: Chloroquine/therapeutic use*
  16. Med J Malaya, 1966 Dec;21(2):113.
    PMID: 4227378
    Matched MeSH terms: Chloroquine/therapeutic use
  17. Islahudin F, Ting KN, Pleass RJ, Avery SV
    Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 2013 Nov;57(11):5787.
    PMID: 24123347 DOI: 10.1128/AAC.01688-13
    Matched MeSH terms: Chloroquine/pharmacology*
  18. Lundie AR
    J Clin Pathol, 1969 Jul;22(4):509.
    PMID: 4894850
    Matched MeSH terms: Chloroquine/therapeutic use*
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