Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 276 in total

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  1. Jefferelli, S.B., Sunthar, R., Trauth B., Bauder, K.
    MyJurnal
    Good reporting of medical drill is important to optimise learning and benefit from the activity. This article shares our opinion on what constitutes a good medical emergency drill report. A good medical emergency medical drill report should include medical drill background, observation, remarks on observation and details of observers and reporter.
    Matched MeSH terms: Emergency Service, Hospital
  2. Chew KS, Mohd Hashairi F, Jusoh AF, Aziz AA, Nik Hisamuddin NAR, Siti Asma H
    Med J Malaysia, 2013 Aug;68(4):323-5.
    PMID: 24145260 MyJurnal
    Although a vital test, blood culture is often plagued with the problem of contamination and false results, especially in a chaotic emergency department setting. The objectives of this pilot study is to find out the level of understanding among healthcare staffs in emergency department, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM) regarding good blood culture sampling practice.
    Matched MeSH terms: Emergency Service, Hospital*
  3. Nik Ab Rahman NH, Mohd Hussain H
    Med J Malaysia, 2013 Apr;68(2):148-52.
    PMID: 23629562 MyJurnal
    Trauma is an ever increasing problem and it is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the under 40s age group. The main purpose of this study is to determine the pattern of death related to trauma cases presenting to the emergency department (ED) of a university hospital. This was a retrospective analysis of 75 consecutive trauma case records at a university hospital for a one year period. The most common cause of deaths is motor vehicle crashes. The mean score for the injury severity score (ISS) and revised trauma score (RTS) on arrival to the ED among the succumbed patients were 27.8 (s.d 8.6) and 5.7 (s.d 1.1) respectively. 58.7% of deaths occurred within 48 hours after the admission. Less than 50% of studied patients were still alive beyond 45 hours post admission and less than 10% still alive beyond 11 days. Our analysis also showed that 28% (n=21) and 56% (n=41) of the studied sample had a probability of survival between 50% to 75% and more than 75% respectively upon arrival based on the initial vital signs in the ED and the trauma and injury severity score (TRISS) methodology. Overall, we observed similar injury mechanisms, demographics and causes of death compare to other studies. The figures from this study, mandate further exploration of preventive issues and management improvements that should be applied not only to the current trauma system, but also to the health care system in general.
    Matched MeSH terms: Emergency Service, Hospital*
  4. Yew Y, Arcos González P, Castro Delgado R
    Prehosp Disaster Med, 2020 Feb;35(1):76-82.
    PMID: 31928556 DOI: 10.1017/S1049023X19005247
    INTRODUCTION: The Richter Scale measures the magnitude of the seismic activity for an earthquake; however, it does not quantify the humanitarian need at the point of impact. This poses a challenge for humanitarian stakeholders in decision and policy making, especially in risk reduction, response, recovery, and reconstruction. The new disaster metrics tool titled "The YEW Disaster Severity Index" (DSI) was developed and presented at the 2017 World Congress of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, May 2017, Toronto, Canada. It uses a median score of three for vulnerability and exposure indicators, a median score percentage of 100%, and medium YEW DSI scoring of four to five as baseline, indicating the ability to cope within local capacity. Therefore, scoring more than baseline coping capacity indicates that external assistance is needed. This special real-time report was presented at the 2nd National Pre-Hospital Care Conference and Championship, October 2018, Malaysia.

    REPORT: The aim of this analysis is to present the real-time humanitarian impact and response to the 2018 earthquake and tsunami at Donggala and Palu, Sulawesi in Indonesia using the new disaster metrics YEW DSI. Based on the earthquake (measuring 7.7 on the Richter Scale) and tsunami at Donggala, the humanitarian impact calculated on September 29, 2018 scored 7.4 High in the YEW DSI with 11 of the total 17 indicators scoring more than the baseline coping capacity. The same YEW DSI score of 7.4 was scored on the earthquake and tsunami at Palu, with 13 of the total 17 indicators scoring more than baseline ability to cope within local capacity. Impact analysis reports were sent to relevant authorities on September 30, 2018.

    DISCUSSION & CONCLUSION: A State of Emergency was declared for a national response, which indicated an inability to cope within the local capacity, shown by the YEW DSI. The strong correlation between the earthquake magnitude, intensities, and the humanitarian impact at Donggala and Palu reported could be added into the science of knowledge in prehospital care and disaster medicine research and practice. As a conclusion, the real-time disaster response was found to be almost an exact fit with the YEW DSI indicators, demonstrating the inability to cope within the local capacity.

    Matched MeSH terms: Emergency Service, Hospital/standards*
  5. Morton TD
    J Emerg Med, 1992 7 11;10(4):485-8.
    PMID: 1430987
    The author spent 6 months as director of a major university hospital accident and emergency department in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. A brief summary of this experience is provided, followed by a series of recommendations based on the experience that may provide some guidance in future efforts to establish emergency medicine in developing areas of the world.
    Matched MeSH terms: Emergency Service, Hospital
  6. Mohd Muzammil Ozair, Kamarul Aryffin Baharuddin, Saiful Azlan Mohamed, Wafaak Esa, Muhamad Saiful Bahri Yusof
    MyJurnal
    Suboptimal management of asthma can lead to increase morbidity and mortality. Unfortunately, this has become global issue and approximately 40% of asthmatic patients received suboptimal management in emergency department. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a tool to assess knowledge and clinical reasoning of healthcare providers on acute asthmatic management in emergency setting.
    Method: The tool was developed via three phases: (a) domain identification, (b) domain blueprinting based the Global Initiative of Asthma (GINA) and the British Thoracic Society (BTS) guidelines, and (c) item generation for each domain for assessing knowledge and clinical reasoning. Three forms of validity evidence related to content, response process and internal structure were appraised. Content validity index (CVI), face validity index (FVI), and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) estimate the content validity, response process and internal structure of the tool.
    Results: A new tool was developed, named as Knowledge and Clinical Reasoning of Acute Asthma Management in Emergency Department (K-CRAMED), which assesses knowledge and clinical reasoning on three domains related to management of acute asthma – diagnosis, treatment and disposition. CVI values for the three domains were more than 0.83. FVI values for the three domains among doctors and paramedics were at least 0.83. The ICC between scores given by emergency specialists was 0.989 (CI 95% 0.982, 0.994, p-value < 0.001).
    Conclusion: The newly developed tool, named as K-CRAMED, is a valid tool to assess knowledge and clinical reasoning of healthcare providers who manage patients with acute asthma. Further validation is required to verify its validity in other setting.
    Matched MeSH terms: Emergency Service, Hospital
  7. Ng, V.H., Ahmad Khaldun, I., Siti Sarah, M.Z., Ida Zarina, Z.
    Medicine & Health, 2018;13(2):114-121.
    MyJurnal
    Pain is one of commonest presentations at Emergency Department (ED). Previous studies showed inadequate pain control in ED. However, few have addressed specific, practical methods of improving the timeliness and frequency of pain control in emergency setting. This study was a randomized controlled trial in a simulated environment of an actual functioning ED using a timer device to remind care personnel to assess pain and provide analgesia at set intervals versus a “standard therapy” group without visual/audio aids. The mean documentation performance scores between timer and control groups were 94.45% + 5.85 vs 72.22% + 17.57 (p
    Matched MeSH terms: Emergency Service, Hospital
  8. Sumardino, Widodo, Poddar S
    Enferm Clin, 2020 06;30 Suppl 5:228-233.
    PMID: 32713577 DOI: 10.1016/j.enfcli.2019.11.061
    INTRODUCTION: Cases of trauma still becomes a health problem in almost all countries causing death in few cases. In some developing countries, the insidences of head injury tend to increase. One of the reasons for the many death and disability may be due to the inavailability and inadequacy of pre-hospital first aid.

    AIM: The general objective of this study is to find out the description of community first responder in providing pre-hospital first aid to head injuries.

    METHODS: This study uses qualitative descriptive method.

    RESULTS: Most of the respondents have variety of educational backgrounds and do not have sufficient knowledge and skills to provide first aid. The average respondents provided help by performing initial assessment, managing effective airway and controlling bleeding. Limited pre-hospital facilities become one of the reasons for respondent not getting help so the efforts provided are not maximal. Respondents prefer to send patients directly to health facilities.

    CONCLUSION: Regular education and training programs for the community first responders should be initiated so that the number of death and disability can be minimized.

    Matched MeSH terms: Emergency Service, Hospital
  9. Ismail, A.K., Mohamad Ali, S., Che' Man, Z.
    Medicine & Health, 2016;11(1):29-37.
    MyJurnal
    Patients who self-discharge against medical advice (DAMA) are susceptible to life-threatening consequences. By understanding the factors associated with DAMA, healthcare centres can build strategies to assist patients to receive optimal medical care and prevent unfavourable outcome. The objective of this study was to determine the factors associated with DAMA from the Emergency Department (ED) of Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC). This was a prospective unmatched case control study conducted over a 4-month period. For every DAMA episode, two patients who were admitted on the same day were randomly selected as control. Following patient consent, data was collected using a standardized questionnaire. Patients were contacted by the investigator for information regarding hospitalization within two weeks of DAMA. Ninety three patients were recruited; 31 DAMA patients and 62 admitted patients. Payment method was significantly associated with DAMA (OR 3.17 95% CI 1.29-7.98; p=0.01). The likelihood of self-paying patients to take DAMA was three times higher than those who had a guarantor letter from their employer or insurance provider. Other factors which influence DAMA were family obligations (OR 4.08 95% CI 1.09-15.26; p = 0.03) and work problems (OR 3.83 95% CI 1.13-12.94; p=0.03). A total of 19.4% of DAMA patients left following symptomatic pain relief. A total of 80.6% DAMA patients were admitted to hospital within two weeks of the DAMA episode. Payment method significantly influences DAMA. Payment planning, social welfare services, non-governmental organization funds and the introduction of a national health policy scheme may aid hospital payment, alleviate financial limitation of patients and reduce DAMA episodes.
    Matched MeSH terms: Emergency Service, Hospital
  10. Ahmad Khaldun, I., Mohd Fyzal, B., Soo, C. I., Yeap, B. T., Mohamed Faisal, A. H.
    Medicine & Health, 2017;12(2):357-362.
    MyJurnal
    The incidence of envenoming from king cobra, Ophiophagus hannah in human is relatively rare. Its venom acts on the postsynaptic region of the neuromuscular junction causing descending flaccid paralysis. Locked-in syndrome is a clinical state of inability to provide motor response in a conscious patient. Many reported cases of locked-in syndrome following neurotoxic snake-bite mimics brain death. We report a case of a middle aged man who presented with progressive neurological deficit following a king cobra bite over his right arm. He had local and systemic neurotoxic envenoming. His condition deteriorated, and was intubated and ventilated in the emergency department. He received a total of 33 vials of the Ophiophagus hannah monospecific antivenom and subsequently recovered well with no neurological deficit. Retrospectively, he was able to recall the events and while he was lying paralysed and intubated under minimal sedation in the intensive care unit. He described it as a terrifying and painful experience. This case highlights the rare presentation of locked-in syndrome following a systemic envenoming from a king cobra bite. It is important to differentiate neurotoxic snake envenoming lock-in syndrome from brain dead. Patients are unable to respond to physical pain and require adequate analgesia. A patient suffering this highly distressing experience may require psychological support.
    Keywords: emergency, envenoming, neurotoxicity, snakebite
    Matched MeSH terms: Emergency Service, Hospital
  11. Farah, N. A., Ismail, M. S.
    Medicine & Health, 2017;12(2):321-328.
    MyJurnal
    Intussusception is a common cause of gastrointestinal emergency in the paediatric population and it is usually diagnosed through Barium enema radiography or ultrasound. The skill of using an ultrasound by a minimally trained medical officer in diagnosing this cases in the Emergency Department are very helpful and expedite the management. We present the case of a 7-month-old girl who presented to Emergency Department (ED) with the chief complaint of passing blood in stool. Clinically she was dehydrated, irritable and in compensated shock. There was generalised tenderness per abdomen but it was soft and not distended. There was no palpable mass and bowel sound normal. Immmediate fluid resuscitated commenced. Bedside abdominal ultrasound performed by ED medical officer showed a 1.8 cm x 2.5 cm mass of alternating hypo-echoic and hyper-echoic rings at the right lower quadrant, consistent with the ‘target’ sign of intussusception. Supine plain abdominal X-ray did not reveal any abnormality. The ultrasound finding of intussusception was later confirmed by the radiologist. She underwent immediate hydrostatic reduction and was discharged well.
    Keywords: diagnosis, Emergency Department, intussusception, paediatric, ultrasound
    Matched MeSH terms: Emergency Service, Hospital
  12. Aung,Khin Thandar, Fatin Izzati Saiful Bahri
    MyJurnal
    Objective: The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of the public on the services provided in the Emergency Department (ED) of Hospital Tengku Ampuan Afzan (HTAA). Methods: An exploratory, descriptive design was used to understand public experiences on the services in the ED. Ten respondents who fit the inclusion criteria were selected using purposive sampling method during their visit to the ED. They were interviewed for 30 to 45 minutes and were audio-recorded with the permission of the participants. The general meaning and the tone conveyed by the respondents were determined through coding, descriptions, and the themes that emerged. Results: Four major themes emerged from the study including waiting time, ED staff, information regarding the ED, and expectation on the ED services. Conclusion: As a result, there is a need to improve the practices in the ED and a need for an awareness program on the real functions and services of the ED
    Matched MeSH terms: Emergency Service, Hospital
  13. Mohd Kamil MK, Yuen Yoong KP, Noor Azhar AM, Bustam A, Abdullah AH, Md Yusuf MH, et al.
    Am J Emerg Med, 2023 Jan;63:86-93.
    PMID: 36327755 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2022.10.029
    BACKGROUND: To assess the effectiveness of non-rebreather mask combined with low-flow nasal cannula (NRB + NC) compared to high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) in improving oxygenation in patients with COVID-19-related hypoxemic respiratory failure (HRF).

    METHODS: This retrospective study was conducted in emergency departments of two tertiary hospitals from June 1 to August 31, 2021. Consecutive patients aged >18 years admitted for COVID-19-related HRF (World Health Organization criteria: confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia with respiratory rate > 30 breaths/min, severe respiratory distress, or peripheral oxygen saturation < 90% on room air) requiring NRB + NC or HFNC were screened for enrollment. Primary outcome was improvement of partial pressure arterial oxygen (PaO2) at two hours. Secondary outcomes were intubation rate, ventilator-free days, hospital length of stay, and 28-day mortality. Data were analyzed using linear regression with inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) based on propensity score.

    RESULTS: Among the 110 patients recruited, 52 (47.3%) were treated with NRB + NC, and 58 (52.7%) with HFNC. There were significant improvements in patients' PaO2, PaO2/FIO2 ratio, and respiratory rate two hours after the initiation of NRB + NC and HFNC. Comparing the two groups, after IPTW adjustment, there were no statistically significant differences in PaO2 improvement (adjusted mean ratio [MR] 2.81; 95% CI -5.82 to 11.43; p = .524), intubation rate (adjusted OR 1.76; 95% CI 0.44 to 6.92; p = .423), ventilator-free days (adjusted MR 0.00; 95% CI -8.84 to 8.85; p = .999), hospital length of stay (adjusted MR 3.04; 95% CI -2.62 to 8.69; p = .293), and 28-day mortality (adjusted OR 0.68; 95% CI 0.15 to 2.98; p = .608).

    CONCLUSION: HFNC may be beneficial in COVID-19 HRF. NRB + NC is a viable alternative, especially in resource-limited settings, given similar improvement in oxygenation at two hours, and no significant differences in long-term outcomes. The effectiveness of NRB + NC needs to be investigated by a powered randomized controlled trial.

    Matched MeSH terms: Emergency Service, Hospital
  14. Peta D, Day A, Lugari WS, Gorman V, Ahayalimudin N, Pajo VMT
    J Emerg Nurs, 2023 Nov;49(6):814-825.
    PMID: 37925222 DOI: 10.1016/j.jen.2023.08.004
    Triage is a process by which patients are assessed, classified, and sorted based on their presenting complaint and clinical urgency, providing assurance for timely access to emergency care. The goal is to get the right person to the right place, in the right amount of time, for the right reason, and within the context of resource availability. In many countries, a standardized triage system, underpinned through the use of guidelines, is used to provide clinicians with support and guidance. Triage is a globally adopted principle, and although triage guidelines are used in many countries, no single system has been internationally adopted. This paper discusses the importance of how triage process standardization improves patient care, resource management, and benchmarking at local, national, and international levels by applying 5 internationally recognized triage systems to fictional case studies. Evaluation of similarities and differences in severity scores, with a gap analysis, occurs.
    Matched MeSH terms: Emergency Service, Hospital
  15. Adi O, Apoo FN, Fong CP, Ahmad AH, Roslan NL, Khan FA, et al.
    Am J Emerg Med, 2024 Jan;75:179-180.
    PMID: 37487778 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2023.07.027
    Matched MeSH terms: Emergency Service, Hospital
  16. Yang L, Lei Y, Chu D, Jiang J, Li Z, Tang Y, et al.
    PLoS One, 2024;19(3):e0300040.
    PMID: 38483916 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300040
    INTRODUCTION: High levels of burnout are prevalent among Emergency Department staff due to chronic exposure to job stress. There is a lack of knowledge about anteceding factors and outcomes of burnout in this population.

    AIMS: To provide a comprehensive overview of burnout and identify its workplace antecedents and outcomes among Emergency Department staff.

    METHODS: The scoping study will follow the methodology outlined by the Joanna Briggs Institute. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, APA PsycInfo, and CINAHL databases will be searched using predefined strategies. Two reviewers will screen the title, abstract and full text separately based on the eligibility criteria. Data will be charted, coded, and narratively synthesized based on the job demands-resources model.

    CONCLUSION: The results will provide insights into the underlying work-related factors contributing to burnout and its implications for individuals, healthcare organizations, and patient care.

    Matched MeSH terms: Emergency Service, Hospital
  17. Awang R, Al-Sohaim SI, Zyoud SH, Khan HR, Hashim S
    Intern Emerg Med, 2011 Oct;6(5):441-8.
    PMID: 21750875 DOI: 10.1007/s11739-011-0662-z
    Acute poisoning is a common medical emergency in Malaysia. Life can be saved if the patient is diagnosed properly and receives the appropriate treatment such as gastrointestinal decontamination techniques and resources to increase poison elimination according to clinical guidelines at a reasonable time. The aims of this study were to determine the availability of decontamination, elimination enhancement, and stabilization resources for the management of acute toxic exposures and poisonings in accident and emergency departments in Malaysia, and to compare the availability of such facilities among various types of hospitals. A comparative, descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted using a structured questionnaire. Seventy-four (58.3%) out of the targeted 127 hospitals replied and completed the questionnaire. The availabilities of most items related to stabilization resources were far better in general hospitals compared to district hospitals with specialists and district hospitals without specialists. These items were mechanical ventilators (p = 0.011), non-invasive positive pressure ventilators (0.024), pacemakers (p = 0.019), and transcutaneous cardiac pacing (p < 0.001). The availability of decontamination resources varied substantially with hospital type. Nevertheless, these differences did not reach statistical significance in any of the cases, whereas sodium sulphate, sorbitol, and polyethylene glycol were almost never available. The availabilities of most items related to elimination enhancement resources were far better in general hospitals and district hospitals with specialists compared to district hospitals without specialists. These items were haemodialysis (p = 0.046), haemoperfusion (p = 0.002), haemofiltration (p = 0.002), acid diuresis (p = 0.04), peritoneal dialysis (p < 0.001), and exchange transfusion (p < 0.001). Most Malaysian hospitals have certain important immediate interventions such as gastrointestinal decontamination techniques and resources to increase poison elimination. The availabilities of most facilities were far better in the general hospitals. Coordination between the National Poison Centre in Malaysia and hospitals should be established regarding the emergency facilities for effective management of poisoning cases in each hospital in order to direct the poisoned patients to the hospital where the appropriate management resources is available.
    Matched MeSH terms: Emergency Service, Hospital*
  18. Fathil SM, Soong NS, Mustafa NM, Arith A, Ng WN, Bahrum NA, et al.
    Med J Malaysia, 2011 Jun;66(2):89-91.
    PMID: 22106683 MyJurnal
    Pain management in Malaysian Emergency Departments has not been studied well. Convenience sampling was used to recruit 402 patients who presented with acute pain over a 2-week period. The 11-point Numerical Rating Scale was used to quantify pain. Pain relieving medications were prescribed to 178 patients (44.3%) in the Emergency Department. These patients had a median pain score of 7 on arrival. Nonsteroidal anti inflammatory drugs were the most commonly prescribed class of analgesic. Pain was found to be inadequately treated.
    Matched MeSH terms: Emergency Service, Hospital*
  19. Chew KS, Idzwan ZM, Hisamuddin NA, Kamaruddin J, Wan Aasim WA
    Med J Malaysia, 2008 Mar;63(1):4-8.
    PMID: 18935723 MyJurnal
    Despite the progresses made in the science of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, there is lack of published works on this area in the Malaysian context. This survey was done to look at the outcomes of all cardiopulmonary resuscitation performed in Emergency Department (ED), Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM). This is a one year cross-sectional study from March 2005-March 2006. All adult cardiac arrest cases with CPR performed in ED, HUSM were included in the survey. The end points are return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) and survival to ward admission. Out of the total 63 cases of cardiac arrest with CPR performed, only 19 cases (30.2%) had ROSC after CPR performed on them. Eventually only six patients (9.5%) had survival to ward admission. Patients with shockable intial arrest rhythm has a significantly higher chance to achieve ROSC (60.0%) compared to non-shockable rhythms (24.5%) (p = 0.025). However, there was no different in survival to ward admission between shockable and non shockable rhythms groups. The survival after cardiac arrest is still dismally poor. Perhaps we should be more selective in initiating CPR especially for out of hospital cardiac arrest.
    Matched MeSH terms: Emergency Service, Hospital*
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