Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 8646 in total

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  1. HOLMES W
    Med J Malaya, 1958 Mar;12(3):500-14.
    PMID: 13565022
    Matched MeSH terms: Poliomyelitis/epidemiology*
  2. SAID M
    Med J Malaya, 1955 Sep;10(1):20-47.
    PMID: 13287494
    Matched MeSH terms: Kwashiorkor/epidemiology*
  3. Nikolopoulos GK, Kostaki EG, Paraskevis D
    Infect Genet Evol, 2016 Dec;46:256-268.
    PMID: 27287560 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2016.06.017
    HIV strains continuously evolve, tend to recombine, and new circulating variants are being discovered. Novel strains complicate efforts to develop a vaccine against HIV and may exhibit higher transmission efficiency and virulence, and elevated resistance to antiretroviral agents. The United Nations Joint Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) set an ambitious goal to end HIV as a public health threat by 2030 through comprehensive strategies that include epidemiological input as the first step of the process. In this context, molecular epidemiology becomes invaluable as it captures trends in HIV evolution rates that shape epidemiological pictures across several geographical areas. This review briefly summarizes the molecular epidemiology of HIV among people who inject drugs (PWID) in Europe and Asia. Following high transmission rates of subtype G and CRF14_BG among PWID in Portugal and Spain, two European countries, Greece and Romania, experienced recent HIV outbreaks in PWID that consisted of multiple transmission clusters including subtypes B, A, F1, and recombinants CRF14_BG and CRF35_AD. The latter was first identified in Afghanistan. Russia, Ukraine, and other Former Soviet Union (FSU) states are still facing the devastating effects of epidemics in PWID produced by AFSU (also known as IDU-A), BFSU (known as IDU-B), and CRF03_AB. In Asia, CRF01_AE and subtype B (Western B and Thai B) travelled from PWID in Thailand to neighboring countries. Recombination hotspots in South China, Northern Myanmar, and Malaysia have been generating several intersubtype and inter-CRF recombinants (e.g. CRF07_BC, CRF08_BC, CRF33_01B etc.), increasing the complexity of HIV molecular patterns.
    Matched MeSH terms: Asia/epidemiology; Europe/epidemiology; Molecular Epidemiology
  4. Jamal F
    Vaccine, 1999 Jul 30;17 Suppl 1:S75-8.
    PMID: 10471186
    Matched MeSH terms: Australia/epidemiology; Bangladesh/epidemiology; China/epidemiology; India/epidemiology; Indonesia/epidemiology; Japan/epidemiology; Korea/epidemiology; Malaysia/epidemiology; New Zealand/epidemiology; Pakistan/epidemiology; Philippines/epidemiology; Pneumococcal Infections/epidemiology*; Thailand/epidemiology; Vietnam/epidemiology
  5. Bull World Health Organ, 1992;70(6):801-4, 809-13.
    PMID: 1283116
    Matched MeSH terms: Africa/epidemiology; Americas/epidemiology; Asia/epidemiology; Europe/epidemiology; Malaria/epidemiology*
  6. Else JG, Thomas V, Kan SP, Dissanaike AS
    Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 1976;70(2):170-1.
    PMID: 960210
    Matched MeSH terms: Trypanosomiasis/epidemiology*
  7. Muul I, Liat LB, Ibrahim AB
    Med J Malaya, 1972 Dec;27(2):125-8.
    PMID: 4268038
    Matched MeSH terms: Epidemiology*
  8. Mubarak N, Hussain I, Raja SA, Khan TM, Zin CS
    J Pak Med Assoc, 2020 Aug;70(8):1475-1476.
    PMID: 32794514 DOI: 10.5455/JPMA.57221
    Matched MeSH terms: Pakistan/epidemiology
  9. Chandran A, Selva Kumar S, Hairi NN, Low WY, Mustapha FI
    Front Public Health, 2021;9:698741.
    PMID: 34295873 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.698741
    In 2012, the World Health Organization (WHO) set a comprehensive set of nine global voluntary targets, including the landmark "25 by 25" mortality reduction target, and 25 indicators. WHO has also highlighted the importance of Non-Communicable Disease (NCD) surveillance as a key action by Member States in addressing NCDs. This study aimed to examine the current national NCD surveillance tools, activities and performance in Malaysia based on the WHO Global Monitoring Framework for NCDs and to highlight gaps and priorities moving forward. A desk review was conducted from August to October in 2020, to examine the current national NCD surveillance activities in Malaysia from multiple sources. Policy and program documents relating to NCD surveillance in Malaysia from 2010 to 2020 were identified and analyzed. The findings of this review are presented according to the three major themes of the Global Monitoring Framework: monitoring of exposure/risk factor, monitoring of outcomes and health system capacity/response. Currently, there is a robust monitoring system for NCD Surveillance in Malaysia for indicators that are monitored by the WHO NCD Global Monitoring Framework, particularly for outcome and exposure monitoring. However, Malaysia still lacks data for the surveillance of the health system indicators of the framework. Although Malaysia has an NCD surveillance in place that is adequate for the WHO NCD Global Monitoring Framework, there are areas that require strengthening. The country must also look beyond these set of indicators in view of the increasing burden and impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. This includes incorporating mental health indicators and leveraging on alternate sources of data relating to behaviors.
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/epidemiology
  10. Idris ZM, Zainal FNS, Ching LS, Azmin A, Hamdan Z, Kamaruzaman UA, et al.
    Travel Med Infect Dis, 2021 04 03;41:102055.
    PMID: 33823288 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2021.102055
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/epidemiology
  11. Tang KHD, Chin BLF
    Public Health, 2021 Sep;198:96-101.
    PMID: 34391039 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2021.07.007
    OBJECTIVES: The transmission of COVID-19 has sent Malaysia into cycles of tightening and relaxation of movement control, which are still continuing currently in line with local fluctuations of new COVID-19 cases. During movement control, measures comprising physical distancing, hand cleaning or sanitizing, and sanitization of premises are consistently implemented while self-isolation and travel restrictions are adaptively enforced. This study aims to examine if the control of COVID-19 transmission has an effect on the national influenza occurrences as some measures for COVID-19 control are similar to those for influenza.

    STUDY DESIGN: For this study, data of weekly new cases of influenza and COVID-19 were obtained from official platforms for non-parametric statistical analysis.

    METHODS: This study compared the influenza occurrences before and after the onset of COVID-19 using the Mann-Whitney U-test and explored Spearman's correlations between COVID-19 and influenza incidences after the onset of COVID-19.

    RESULTS: It shows that influenza incidences before and after the onset of COVID-19 were significantly different and that influenza cases have significantly reduced after the onset of COVID-19. The weekly cases of influenza and COVID-19 were significantly and negatively correlated.

    CONCLUSIONS: This study underscores the co-benefits of COVID-19 control measures and alleviates the concern for the risk of COVID-19 and influenza co-infection.

    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/epidemiology
  12. WATERS MF
    Med J Malaya, 1962 Jun;16:251-9.
    PMID: 14005228
    Matched MeSH terms: Leprosy/epidemiology*
  13. Holmes W
    Med J Malaya, 1959 Mar;13(3):197-200.
    PMID: 13666187
    During a period of 1 month all medical practitioners were invited to notify cases of gonorrhoea. 123 were obtained including 108 men, 10 women and 5 children. Of 25 hospital cases 23 were acute and 2 chronic; 23 were all infected by prostitutes. Intercourse took place in hotels in 17, in private houses in 6 and elsewhere in 2; introduction was made by taxi-drivers in 11, hotel staff in 3, friends in 3 and not stated 8; places of contact were-bars 16, cabaret 1, streets 2, not stated 6. The author thinks that supervision of prostitutes would help but that contact tracing would be a better long-term policy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gonorrhea/epidemiology*
  14. TAN DS
    Med J Malaysia, 1964 Mar;18:164-71.
    PMID: 14157182
    Matched MeSH terms: Epidemiology*
  15. Ponnampalam JT
    Med J Malaya, 1968 Jun;23(4):295-8.
    PMID: 4235593
    Matched MeSH terms: Histoplasmosis/epidemiology*
  16. Rajadurai P, How SH, Liam CK, Sachithanandan A, Soon SY, Tho LM
    J Thorac Oncol, 2020 03;15(3):317-323.
    PMID: 32093853 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2019.10.021
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/epidemiology
  17. Syed Mohd Sobri SNS, Kanapathy J, Liew CS, Cheong SC
    Oral Dis, 2020 Jul;26(5):1094-1097.
    PMID: 32145142 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13320
    The majority of oral cancer cases occur in Asia and the incidence is expected to continue to rise. Oral cancer is amenable to early detection through visual oral examination yet in many Asian countries, the disease presents at a late stage. The barriers to early detection are similar across the Asia-Pacific countries therefore, strategies to address these could be more effective if there were concerted efforts and joint resources amongst the countries. To facilitate better engagement and collaboration between stakeholders in oral cancer detection and management, the Asia-Pacific Oral Cancer Network (APOCNET) was established and the inaugural meeting was held in Kuala Lumpur on the 13th to 15th of September 2019. In this meeting, we identified the challenges faced in the early detection and management of oral cancer amongst the stakeholder countries, showcased the successful oral cancer programs in the region and identified strategic areas for collaboration. For this, notable international speakers and those from local universities and the Ministry of Health Malaysia were invited to share their experiences. The lessons learned from our neighbouring countries could lead to the implementation of similar programs that could help reduce the oral cancer burden in the region.
    Matched MeSH terms: Asia/epidemiology
  18. Chen YC, Chayakulkeeree M, Chakrabarti A, Gan GG, Kwong YL, Liu WL, et al.
    J Antimicrob Chemother, 2022 09 30;77(10):2579-2585.
    PMID: 35904002 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkac251
    Management of invasive mould infections (IMIs) is challenging in Asia, as awareness among medical practitioners can be low and resources are limited. Timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment of IMIs can mitigate the impact on morbidity and mortality, but diagnostic methods, as well as access to preferred antifungal medications, may vary throughout the region. Knowledge of local epidemiology and accurate diagnosis and identification of causal pathogens would facilitate optimal treatment but data in Asia are lacking. To address these unmet needs in the management of IMIs, this paper is a call for urgent action in the following areas: improving awareness of the threat of IMIs; providing education to frontline clinicians across a broad range of specialties on 'red flags' for suspicion of IMIs; prioritizing cost-effective rapid diagnostic testing; improving access to preferred antifungal medications; and closing the gaps in local epidemiological data on IMIs to inform local treatment guidelines.
    Matched MeSH terms: Asia/epidemiology
  19. Jayasundara P, Peariasamy KM, Law KB, Abd Rahim KNK, Lee SW, Ghazali IMM, et al.
    Epidemics, 2021 12;37:100517.
    PMID: 34739906 DOI: 10.1016/j.epidem.2021.100517
    INTRODUCTION: As of 3rd June 2021, Malaysia is experiencing a resurgence of COVID-19 cases. In response, the federal government has implemented various non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) under a series of Movement Control Orders and, more recently, a vaccination campaign to regain epidemic control. In this study, we assessed the potential for the vaccination campaign to control the epidemic in Malaysia and four high-burden regions of interest, under various public health response scenarios.

    METHODS: A modified susceptible-exposed-infectious-recovered compartmental model was developed that included two sequential incubation and infectious periods, with stratification by clinical state. The model was further stratified by age and incorporated population mobility to capture NPIs and micro-distancing (behaviour changes not captured through population mobility). Emerging variants of concern (VoC) were included as an additional strain competing with the existing wild-type strain. Several scenarios that included different vaccination strategies (i.e. vaccines that reduce disease severity and/or prevent infection, vaccination coverage) and mobility restrictions were implemented.

    RESULTS: The national model and the regional models all fit well to notification data but underestimated ICU occupancy and deaths in recent weeks, which may be attributable to increased severity of VoC or saturation of case detection. However, the true case detection proportion showed wide credible intervals, highlighting incomplete understanding of the true epidemic size. The scenario projections suggested that under current vaccination rates complete relaxation of all NPIs would trigger a major epidemic. The results emphasise the importance of micro-distancing, maintaining mobility restrictions during vaccination roll-out and accelerating the pace of vaccination for future control. Malaysia is particularly susceptible to a major COVID-19 resurgence resulting from its limited population immunity due to the country's historical success in maintaining control throughout much of 2020.

    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/epidemiology
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