Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 23 in total

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  1. Ang GS, Tey A, Ng WS, Subrayan V
    Med J Malaysia, 2007 Aug;62(3):259-60.
    PMID: 18246923
    Patients with bleeding diatheses can present in a variety of clinical situations. When these patients manifest with ocular complications, their management can be challenging. We describe a case of acute angle closure glaucoma secondary to subretinal haemorrhage, with myelodysplasia as a predisposing factor.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glaucoma, Angle-Closure/drug therapy; Glaucoma, Angle-Closure/etiology*; Glaucoma, Angle-Closure/pathology; Glaucoma, Angle-Closure/surgery
  2. Premsenthil M, Salowi MA, Siew CM, ak Gudom I, Kah T
    BMC Ophthalmol, 2012;12:64.
    PMID: 23241197 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2415-12-64
    To report a case of spontaneous malignant glaucoma in an Asian female. To propose the term "positive vitreous pressure glaucoma" to reflect the pathophysiology, treatment and prognosis of the condition.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glaucoma, Angle-Closure/physiopathology; Glaucoma, Angle-Closure/surgery*
  3. Sharmini AT, Yin NY, Lee SS, Jackson AL, Stewart WC
    J Ocul Pharmacol Ther, 2009 Feb;25(1):71-5.
    PMID: 19232007 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2008.0061
    The aim of this study was to evaluate risk factors for progression in chronic angle-closure glaucoma (CACG) patients.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glaucoma, Angle-Closure/diagnosis; Glaucoma, Angle-Closure/etiology; Glaucoma, Angle-Closure/physiopathology*
  4. Teoh LO, Ishikawa H, Liebmann JM, Ritch R
    Arch. Ophthalmol., 2000 Jul;118(7):989-90.
    PMID: 10900117
    Matched MeSH terms: Glaucoma, Angle-Closure/etiology*; Glaucoma, Angle-Closure/surgery; Glaucoma, Angle-Closure/ultrasonography
  5. Nongpiur ME, Khor CC, Jia H, Cornes BK, Chen LJ, Qiao C, et al.
    PLoS Genet, 2014 Mar;10(3):e1004089.
    PMID: 24603532 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004089
    Anterior chamber depth (ACD) is a key anatomical risk factor for primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG). We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) on ACD to discover novel genes for PACG on a total of 5,308 population-based individuals of Asian descent. Genome-wide significant association was observed at a sequence variant within ABCC5 (rs1401999; per-allele effect size =  -0.045 mm, P = 8.17 × 10(-9)). This locus was associated with an increase in risk of PACG in a separate case-control study of 4,276 PACG cases and 18,801 controls (per-allele OR = 1.13 [95% CI: 1.06-1.22], P = 0.00046). The association was strengthened when a sub-group of controls with open angles were included in the analysis (per-allele OR = 1.30, P = 7.45 × 10(-9); 3,458 cases vs. 3,831 controls). Our findings suggest that the increase in PACG risk could in part be mediated by genetic sequence variants influencing anterior chamber dimensions.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glaucoma, Angle-Closure/genetics*; Glaucoma, Angle-Closure/pathology
  6. Mimiwati Z, Fathilah J
    Med J Malaysia, 2001 Sep;56(3):341-9.
    PMID: 11732081
    Thirty-seven consecutive patients (41 eyes) diagnosed with primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) attending the Glaucoma Clinic in University Malaya Medical Centre, over a period of 6 months were categorized into acute, subacute and chronic PACG from their clinical presentation. Each case was subjected to automated refraction, A-scan biometry for anterior chamber depth, axial length and lens thickness, keratometry and corneal diameter measurement. Calculations for the relative lens position and the lens thickness: axial length index were performed. The data collected was analysed by the nonparametric test (Kruskal-Wallis), one way analysis of variance (ANOVA), chi-square test, Spearman's nonparametric correlations and regression analysis. For controls 15 eyes from 15 normal subjects matched for age, sex, refractive error and race were chosen and subjected to the same examinations. Chronic PACG was the predominant subtype (53.6% of patients and 58.5% of eyes). The ocular biometric measurements of acute PACG eyes deviated most from normals in having the shallowest anterior chamber depth, shortest axial length, smallest corneal diameter, steepest corneal radius, thickest and most anteriorly situated lens, and the greatest lens thickness: axial length index. The subacute subtype was closest to normal and chronic PACG subtype fell in between in most of the biometric characteristics. These findings were not statistically significant. All PACG eyes as a group however showed statistically significant shallower anterior chamber depth (p < 0.05), and a more anterior relative lens position (p < 0.05) compared to normals.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glaucoma, Angle-Closure/classification; Glaucoma, Angle-Closure/pathology*
  7. Loh CC, Kamaruddin H, Bastion MC, Husain R, Mohd Isa H, Md Din N
    Ophthalmic Res, 2021;64(2):246-252.
    PMID: 32810853 DOI: 10.1159/000510925
    INTRODUCTION: The aim of the study was to evaluate the refractive status and ocular biometric parameters in subjects with angle closure in Malaysia.

    METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 171 primary angle closure patients (268 eyes). Visual acuity, refraction, and ocular biometry (central anterior chamber depth [ACD], axial length [AL], and lens thickness) were recorded. Vitreous cavity length (VL) and relative lens position (RLP) were calculated.

    RESULTS: A total of 92 Primary Angle Closure Suspect (PACS), 30 Primary Angle Closure (PAC), and 146 Primary Angle Closure Glaucoma (PACG) eyes were included. Chinese ethnicity formed the majority (n = 197, 73.5%), followed by Malay (n = 57, 21.3%) and Indian (n = 14, 5.2%). There was a significant female preponderance with a female to male ratio of 1.85. Mean age was 65.7 ± 7.7 years. Mean spherical equivalent was +0.33 ± 1.29 D. Approximately half (n = 137, 51%) of the eyes were hyperopic (spherical power ≥+0.5), with PACG having the highest percentage of hyperopia (n = 69, 50.4%). Myopia and emmetropia were present in 48 (17.9) and 83 (31%) eyes, respectively. Although AL and VL in myopia patients were significantly longer than emmetropic and hyperopic eyes (p < 0.001), the ACD was not significantly different (p = 0.427). While the RLP is smaller in myopic eyes, lens thickness was increased in hyperopic eyes. PACG was significantly higher in elderly patients compared to PACS and PAC (p = 0.005). A total of 37 (13.8%) eyes were blind (vision worse than 3/60) and 19 of them (51.3%) were female patients.

    CONCLUSION: A decrease in RLP is predictive of angle closure disease in myopic eyes, whereas increased lens thickness contributes to angle closure disease in hyperopic eyes.

    Matched MeSH terms: Glaucoma, Angle-Closure/diagnosis; Glaucoma, Angle-Closure/physiopathology*
  8. Niven TCS, Azhany Y, Rohana AJ, Karunakar TVN, Thayanithi S, Jelinar Noor MN, et al.
    J Glaucoma, 2019 01;28(1):7-13.
    PMID: 30461551 DOI: 10.1097/IJG.0000000000001120
    PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the association between cigarette smoking and the severity of primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) in Malay patients residing in Malaysia.

    METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 150 Malay PACG patients between April 2014 and August 2016. Ocular examination was performed including Humphrey visual field (HVF) 24-2 analysis assessment. On the basis of the 2 consecutive reliable HVFs, the severity of glaucoma was scored according to modified Advanced Glaucoma Intervention Study (AGIS) by 2 masked investigators and classified as mild, moderate, and severe. Those with retinal diseases, neurological diseases, memory problem, and myopia ≥4 diopters were excluded. Their smoking status and details were obtained by validated questionnaire from Singapore Malay Eye Study (SiMES). The duration of smoking, number of cigarettes per day, and pack/year was also documented. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted.

    RESULTS: There was a significant association between education level and severity of PACG (P=0.001). However, there was no significant association between cigarette smoking and severity of glaucoma (P=0.080). On the basis of multivariate analysis, a linear association was identified between cigarette smoked per day (adjusted b=0.73; 95% CI: 0.54, 1.45; P<0.001) and body mass index (adjusted b=0.32; 95% CI: 0.07, 1.35; P=0.032) with AGIS score.

    CONCLUSIONS: There was no significant association between cigarette smoking and severity of PACG. Cigarette smoked per day among the smokers was associated with severity of PACG. However, because of the detrimental effect of smoking, cessation of smoking should be advocated to PACG patients.

    Matched MeSH terms: Glaucoma, Angle-Closure/epidemiology*; Glaucoma, Angle-Closure/physiopathology
  9. Aye MTH, Naing T, Myint KT
    BMJ Case Rep, 2018 Sep 05;2018.
    PMID: 30185451 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2018-225040
    We report a case of a 70-year-old farmer admitted for viper bite who presented with bilateral hyphema and angle closure attack. He was managed conservatively with topical steroids and cycloplegics. He responded well and was discharged after 2 weeks.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glaucoma, Angle-Closure/drug therapy; Glaucoma, Angle-Closure/etiology*
  10. Tan HK, Ahmad Tajuddin LS, Lee MY, Ismail S, Wan-Hitam WH
    PMID: 26065503 DOI: 10.1097/APO.0000000000000058
    PURPOSE: To determine the mean central corneal thickness (CCT) and the relationship between the CCT and visual field progression in primary angle closure (PAC) and primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG).

    DESIGN: A combined cross-sectional and prospective study on PAC and PACG.

    METHODS: A total of 35 eyes were included in the study for each group of normal control, PAC, and PACG patients from eye clinics in Kota Bharu, state of Kelantan, Malaysia, from January 2007 to November 2009. The PAC and PACG patients were divided into thin and thick CCT groups. They were followed up for 12 to 18 months for visual field progression assessment with their mean Advanced Glaucoma Intervention Study (AGIS) score.

    RESULTS: The CCT was 516.8 ± 26.0 µm for PAC and 509.7 ± 27.4 µm for PACG. Both were significantly thinner compared with the control group with CCT of 540 ± 27.8 µm (P < 0.001). There was a statistically significant increase in the mean AGIS score after 12.9 ± 1.7 months of follow-up in the thin CCT group for PACG (P = 0.002). However, no significant increase in the mean AGIS score was found for the thick CCT group in PACG and for both thin and thick CCT in PAC.

    CONCLUSIONS: The PAC and PACG had statistically significant thinner CCT compared with the controls. Thin CCT was associated with visual field progression based on the mean AGIS score in PACG.

    Matched MeSH terms: Glaucoma, Angle-Closure/diagnosis*; Glaucoma, Angle-Closure/physiopathology
  11. Zahari M, Ong YM, Taharin R, Ramli N
    Optom Vis Sci, 2014 Apr;91(4):459-63.
    PMID: 24637481 DOI: 10.1097/OPX.0000000000000220
    To evaluate ocular biometric parameters and darkroom prone provocative test (DPPT) in family members of primary angle closure (PAC) glaucoma (PACG) patients and to establish any correlation between these biometric parameters and the DPPT response.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glaucoma, Angle-Closure/diagnosis*
  12. Khor CC, Do T, Jia H, Nakano M, George R, Abu-Amero K, et al.
    Nat Genet, 2016 May;48(5):556-62.
    PMID: 27064256 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3540
    Primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) is a major cause of blindness worldwide. We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) followed by replication in a combined total of 10,503 PACG cases and 29,567 controls drawn from 24 countries across Asia, Australia, Europe, North America, and South America. We observed significant evidence of disease association at five new genetic loci upon meta-analysis of all patient collections. These loci are at EPDR1 rs3816415 (odds ratio (OR) = 1.24, P = 5.94 × 10(-15)), CHAT rs1258267 (OR = 1.22, P = 2.85 × 10(-16)), GLIS3 rs736893 (OR = 1.18, P = 1.43 × 10(-14)), FERMT2 rs7494379 (OR = 1.14, P = 3.43 × 10(-11)), and DPM2-FAM102A rs3739821 (OR = 1.15, P = 8.32 × 10(-12)). We also confirmed significant association at three previously described loci (P < 5 × 10(-8) for each sentinel SNP at PLEKHA7, COL11A1, and PCMTD1-ST18), providing new insights into the biology of PACG.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glaucoma, Angle-Closure/genetics*
  13. Wong TY, Foster PJ, Seah SK, Chew PT
    Br J Ophthalmol, 2000 Sep;84(9):990-2.
    PMID: 10966951
    AIM: To estimate the rates of hospital admissions for primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) in Chinese, Malays, and Indians in Singapore

    METHODS: A population-wide hospital discharge database in Singapore was used to identify all hospital admissions with a primary discharge diagnosis of PACG (International Classification of Disease-CM code: 365.2). The Singapore census was used for denominator data.

    RESULTS: Between 1993 and 1997 there were 894 hospital admissions for PACG. The mean annual rate of PACG admissions was 11.1 per 100 000 (95% confidence interval (CI), 10.4, 11.8) among people aged 30 years and over. The annual rate was highest for Chinese (age and sex adjusted rate: 12.2 per 100 000), which was twice that of Malays (6.0 per 100 000) and Indians (6.3 per 100 000). Females had two times higher rates than males in all three races (age adjusted relative risk: 2.0, 95% CI: 1.7, 2.3).

    CONCLUSION: Malay and Indian people had identical rates of hospital admissions for PACG, which were only half the rates compared with Chinese.

    Matched MeSH terms: Glaucoma, Angle-Closure/ethnology*
  14. Liza-Sharmini AT, Ng GF, Nor-Sharina Y, Khairil Anuar MI, Nik Azlan Z, Azhany Y
    Med J Malaysia, 2014 Dec;69(6):245-51.
    PMID: 25934953 MyJurnal
    OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical presentation, severity and progression of primary angle closure between Chinese and Malays residing in Malaysia.

    METHODS: A comparative retrospective record review study was conducted involving one hundred (200 eyes) Malay and fifty eight (116 eyes) Chinese patients. They were selected from medical records of Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan and Hospital Pulau Pinang, Penang, Malaysia. The selected patients were re-diagnosed based on the International Society of Geographical and Epidemiological classification. The clinical data on presentation including the presence of systemic diseases were documented. Progression of the disease was based on available reliable visual fields and optic disc changes of patients who have been on follow-up for at least five years.

    RESULTS: Malay patients presented at older age (61.4 years SD 8.4) compared to Chinese (60.6 years SD 8.3). There was significant higher baseline Intraocular Pressure (IOP) among Malays (34.7 SD 18.5mmHg) compared to Chinese (30.3 SD 16.7mmHg) (p=0.032). The Chinese patients presented with significantly better visual acuity (p<0.001) and less advanced cup to disc changes (p=0.001) compared to Malays. Malay patients progressed faster than the Chinese. Majority progressed within 1 year of diagnosis. Malays without laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) have a 4 fold (95% CI 1.4, 10.9) risk of progression. Higher baseline IOP, more advanced visual field defect and absence of LPI was identified as significant predictors associated with progression.

    CONCLUSION: The Malays presented with more advanced angle closure glaucoma as compared to the Chinese in Malaysia. Aggressive disease progression was observed in Malays with the onset of optic neuropathy. Effective public awareness and aggressive management is important to prevent blindness in the Malaysian population.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glaucoma, Angle-Closure
  15. Ling TE, Othman K, Yan OP, Rashid RA, Tet CM, Yaakob A, et al.
    Open Ophthalmol J, 2017;11:31-39.
    PMID: 28400889 DOI: 10.2174/1874364101711010031
    OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the incidence of ocular surface disease (OSD) and to determine the effects of topical pressure-lowering drugs on ocular surface disease in primary angle closure patients.

    METHODS: This was a cross-sectional comparative study comparing primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) patients (Group A) with primary angle closure and primary angle closure suspect (Group B). Group A was treated with topical pressure-lowering drugs; Group B was not. Data on ocular diagnosis and details of treatment were obtained from medical records. Ocular surface disease incidence was assessed using the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire and from clinical signs using Schirmer's test, tear break-up time and corneal fluorescein stain. Predictive Analytic Software 20 and STATA analysis software were used for statistical analyses.

    RESULTS: Group A demonstrated a higher rate of OSD (OSDI 52.3%, Schirmer's test 70.5%, tear break-up time (TBUT) 75%, corneal staining 77.3%) compared to Group B (OSDI 39.0%, Schirmer's test 73.2%, TBUT 58.5% and cornea staining 14.6%) except for Schirmer's test. There was a significant difference in mean score of OSDI (p=0.004), TBUT (p=0.008) and cornea staining (p<0.001) between two groups. Primary angle closure glaucoma treated with more than two medications and for more than three years had worse ocular surface disease parameters but without statistical significant difference.

    CONCLUSION: Ocular surface disease is common in PACG patients treated with topical pressure-lowering drugs. Topical pressure-lowering drugs caused significant OSD symptoms and signs except for tear production in PACG patients. Thorough evaluation of ocular surface disease is important to ensure appropriate treatment and intervention in PACG patients.

    Matched MeSH terms: Glaucoma, Angle-Closure
  16. Ting Yl J, Faisal HA, Pan SW
    Int Ophthalmol, 2019 Jan;39(1):203-206.
    PMID: 29197945 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-017-0774-1
    PURPOSE: To describe a rare case of spontaneous expulsive suprachoroidal haemorrhage (SESCH) in an asymptomatic elderly patient.

    METHOD: This is a case report of a 76-year-old Chinese female, presented as an emergency with spontaneous left eye bleeding. She had underlying uncontrolled hypertension, no other systemic illness and not on anticoagulant. She has a history of right eye cataract operation, right eye angle-closure glaucoma and left eye absolute glaucoma complicated with painless left blind eye. Ocular examination over left eye showed no light perception and demonstrated presence of fresh bleed, expulsion of lens and prolapsed uveal contents, while right eye examination was unremarkable. Patient subsequently underwent evisceration and was uneventful.

    RESULTS: Routine blood investigations including coagulation profile came back as normal. Surgical findings include perforated cornea more than three-fourths with prolapsed uveal contents and fragile conjunctiva. No other significant macroscopic conditions were noted. Histology and culture came back with growth of Pseudomonas aeuroginosa with no evidence of malignancy.

    DISCUSSION: SESCH is a rare but serious sight-threatening ocular condition associated with multiple risk factors including arteriosclerosis, vascular disease, glaucoma, diabetes, intraocular malignancy and diseased eye wall. The predisposing factors involved in this case include advanced age, glaucoma with persistent high intraocular pressure, uncontrolled hypertension and presence of infection.

    Matched MeSH terms: Glaucoma, Angle-Closure
  17. Nga AD, Yap SL, Samsudin A, Abdul-Rahman PS, Hashim OH, Mimiwati Z
    BMC Ophthalmol, 2014;14:33.
    PMID: 24655889 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2415-14-33
    Altered levels of specific matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) in the aqueous humour of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) eyes have been described. In this study, levels of specific MMPs and TIMPs in the aqueous humour of primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) eyes were measured and compared with those of POAG as well as non-glaucoma control eyes.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glaucoma, Angle-Closure/metabolism*
  18. Vithana EN, Khor CC, Qiao C, Nongpiur ME, George R, Chen LJ, et al.
    Nat Genet, 2012 Oct;44(10):1142-1146.
    PMID: 22922875 DOI: 10.1038/ng.2390
    Primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) is a major cause of blindness worldwide. We conducted a genome-wide association study including 1,854 PACG cases and 9,608 controls across 5 sample collections in Asia. Replication experiments were conducted in 1,917 PACG cases and 8,943 controls collected from a further 6 sample collections. We report significant associations at three new loci: rs11024102 in PLEKHA7 (per-allele odds ratio (OR)=1.22; P=5.33×10(-12)), rs3753841 in COL11A1 (per-allele OR=1.20; P=9.22×10(-10)) and rs1015213 located between PCMTD1 and ST18 on chromosome 8q (per-allele OR=1.50; P=3.29×10(-9)). Our findings, accumulated across these independent worldwide collections, suggest possible mechanisms explaining the pathogenesis of PACG.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glaucoma, Angle-Closure/genetics*
  19. Ramli NM, Sidek S, Rahman FA, Peyman M, Zahari M, Rahmat K, et al.
    Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol, 2014 Jun;252(6):995-1000.
    PMID: 24770532 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-014-2622-6
    PURPOSE: To measure optic nerve (ON) volume using 3 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), to correlate ON volume with retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, and to determine the viability of MRI as an objective tool in distinguishing glaucoma severity.

    METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 30 severe glaucoma patients, 30 mild glaucoma patients and 30 age-matched controls were recruited. All subjects underwent standard automated perimetry, RNFL analysis and 3 T MRI examinations. Glaucoma patients were classified according to the Hodapp-Anderson-Parish classification. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to correlate ON volume with RNFL, and receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis was performed to determine the sensitivity and specificity of ON volume in detecting glaucoma severity.

    RESULTS: Optic nerve volume was significantly lower in both the left and right eyes of the severe glaucoma group (168.70 ± 46.28 mm(3); 167.40 ± 45.36 mm(3)) than in the mild glaucoma group (264.03 ± 78.53 mm(3); 264.76 ± 78.88 mm(3)) and the control group (297.80 ± 71.45 mm(3); 296.56 ± 71.02 mm(3)). Moderate correlation was observed between: RNFL thickness and ON volume (r = 0.51, p <0.001), and in mean deviation of visual field and optic nerve volume (r = 0.60, p glaucoma.

    CONCLUSIONS: MRI measured optic nerve volume is a reliable method of assessing glaucomatous damage beyond the optic nerve head. A value of 236 mm(3) and below can be used to define severe glaucoma.

    Matched MeSH terms: Glaucoma, Angle-Closure/classification; Glaucoma, Angle-Closure/diagnosis*
  20. Shin HC, Subrayan V, Tajunisah I
    J Cataract Refract Surg, 2010 Aug;36(8):1289-95.
    PMID: 20656150 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrs.2010.02.024
    PURPOSE: To evaluate changes in anterior chamber depth (ACD) and intraocular pressure (IOP) after phacoemulsification in eyes with occludable angles and compare the results with those in eyes with normal open angles.
    SETTING: Eye Clinic, Ipoh General Hospital, Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia.
    METHODS: Patients with nonglaucomatous eyes with open angles or with occludable angles were recruited. Ocular biometric measurements (ACD, axial length [AL], lens thickness and position) and IOP (tonometry) were performed preoperatively and 1 day and 1, 4, 9, and 12 weeks postoperatively.
    RESULTS: The open-angle group and occludable-angle group each comprised 35 patients. The occludable-angle group had a shallower ACD, shorter AL, thicker and relatively anterior lens position, and higher IOP preoperatively; postoperatively, there was a significant increase in ACD and a significant reduction in IOP (P
    Matched MeSH terms: Glaucoma, Angle-Closure/physiopathology*
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