MyMedR

Blood gastrin and pepsinogen responses of native village goats in Malaysia to infection with Haemonchus contortus

Fox MT, Jacobs DE, Sani RA

Ann Trop Med Parasitol, 1991 Apr;85(2):263-7.

Blood gastrin and pepsinogen responses of native village goats in Malaysia to a single dose of 10,500 infective Haemonchus contortus larvae were investigated. Both blood values were significantly elevated within a week of infection and exhibited a highly significant correlation during the study. The magnitude of the blood gastrin response was, however, significantly greater than that of pepsinogen during the period that both blood values were elevated. It is suggested that blood gastrin assay may be of particular value in the diagnosis of chronic haemonchosis in animals harbouring relatively light worm burdens.

Matched MeSH terms: Haemonchiasis/blood; Haemonchiasis/diagnosis; Haemonchiasis/veterinary*

The role of concurrent haemonchosis in the development of pneumonic pasteurellosis in goats

Zamri-Saad M, Subramaniam P, Sheikh-Omar AR, Sani RA, Rasedee A

Vet Res Commun, 1994;18(2):119-22.

PMID: 7975196

Matched MeSH terms: Haemonchiasis/complications; Haemonchiasis/parasitology; Haemonchiasis/veterinary*

Seasonal changes in the prevalence of Haemonchus and Trichostrongylus hypobiotic larvae in tracer goats in Malaysia

Ikeme MM, Iskander F, Chong LC

Trop Anim Health Prod, 1987 Aug;19(3):184-90.

PMID: 3660455

An investigation into the seasonal changes in the population structure of Haemonchus and Trichostrongylus in tracer goats was conducted over 12 months at Serdang, an area in southern West Malaysia with year-round tropical rainfall. Successive groups of parasite-free tracer goats were grazed for a month alongside naturally infected adult goats and necropsied for worm counts 14 days after their removal from pasture. No hypobiotic larvae of Trichostrongylus were recovered. Hypobiotic larvae of Haemonchus were evident during each month of the year but accounted for only a very small proportion of the total Haemonchus burden. Very low levels were encountered from December through to June. Comparatively higher levels of hypobiosis were observed thereafter with a peak of 7.4% in September. The factors responsible for hypobiosis were not clearly defined but the phenomenon was associated with increasing levels of soil moisture storage. Host resistance, adult worm population of tracers and population of ingested L3 were ruled out as possible inducing factors.

Matched MeSH terms: Haemonchiasis/epidemiology; Haemonchiasis/veterinary*

Changes in liveweight gain and blood constituents in experimental infection of goats with a goat-derived compared with a sheep-derived strain of Haemonchus contortus

Rahman WA, Collins GH

Vet Parasitol, 1991 Mar;38(2-3):145-53.

PMID: 1858284

Two groups of goats were experimentally infected with two different strains of Haemonchus contortus and compared with the controls. Group A animals were infected with a goat-derived strain (GDS) while Group B animals were infected with a sheep-derived strain (SDS). Changes in the liveweights and some blood constitutents between the two infected groups were compared. The pathogenic effects of the GDS larvae were generally more serious when compared with those of the SDS larvae.

Matched MeSH terms: Haemonchiasis/mortality; Haemonchiasis/parasitology; Haemonchiasis/veterinary*

Changes in liveweight gain, blood constituents and worm egg output in goats artificially infected with a sheep-derived strain of Haemonchus contortus

Rahman WA, Collins GH

Br. Vet. J., 1990 Nov-Dec;146(6):543-50.

PMID: 2271911

Two groups of goats were dosed with 10,000 and 20,000 sheep-derived strain (SDS) larvae of Haemonchus contortus respectively. Over a period of 42 days goats dosed with 20,000 larvae lost more weight than those dosed with 10,000 larvae. Infected goats showed anaemia from about 2 weeks after infection as well as reduced levels of total serum proteins and albumins.

Matched MeSH terms: Haemonchiasis/blood; Haemonchiasis/metabolism; Haemonchiasis/veterinary*

Infection of goats with Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus colubriformis: histopathology and pH changes

Rahman WA, Collins GH

Br. Vet. J., 1991 Nov-Dec;147(6):569-74.

PMID: 1777801

Two groups of goats were experimentally infected with Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus colubriformis, and killed at various days after infection (DAI). The percentage of worms that established in the abomasum and the small intestine was low. At necropsy, abomasums from infected goats had thickened walls and oedematous folds. At 7 DAI there was an initial infiltration of eosinophils and some neutrophils which tend to increase with age of infection. The mean pH of the abomasum in goats infected with H. contortus was 5.43 (range 5.3-5.7), while that of the control goats was 3.30 (range 2.8-3.7).

Matched MeSH terms: Haemonchiasis/complications; Haemonchiasis/pathology; Haemonchiasis/veterinary*

Fulltext Morphological characterization of Haemonchus contortus in goats (Capra hircus) and sheep (Ovis aries) in Penang, Malaysia

Rahman WA, Abd Hamid S

Trop Biomed, 2007 Jun;24(1):23-7.

PMID: 17568374 MyJurnal

The large stomach worm, Haemonchus contortus is an important pathogen of goats (Capra hircus) and sheep (Ovis aries). This paper describes characteristics of surface cuticular ridges (synlophe) of H. contortus adults from the two hosts. There were more ridges in H. contortus from goats compared to that from sheep. Total body length, vulvar morphology, spicule length and cervical papillae had been considered as markers of physical adaptation and were studied and described.

Matched MeSH terms: Haemonchiasis/epidemiology; Haemonchiasis/parasitology; Haemonchiasis/veterinary*

Fulltext Haemonchus contortus: parasite problem No. 1 from tropics - Polar Circle. Problems and prospects for control based on epidemiology

Peter JW, Chandrawathani P

Trop Biomed, 2005 Dec;22(2):131-7.

PMID: 16883278 MyJurnal

There is no doubt that on a global basis, Haemonchus contortus is by far the most important parasite of small ruminants (sheep and goats). This is particularly more so now, with the development of high levels of resistance to both the broad and narrow spectrum anthelmintic drugs in H. contortus throughout the world. Epidemiological studies describe the lower environmental limits for haemonchosis to occur in sheep, as being a mean monthly temperature of 18C and approximately 50mm rainfall. Thus it has been generally recognised that H. contortus is a problem parasite restricted to the warm, wet countries where sheep and goats are raised. However, recent evidence shows that this parasite is apparently common even in northern Europe. Thus the need for sustainable control strategies for H. contortus is becoming much more pressing. This report highlights two examples of sustainable and highly efficient control programmes for H. contortus, that can be implemented in regions at the extremes of its geographic range (Malaysia and Sweden), where the authors have had direct involvement.

Matched MeSH terms: Haemonchiasis/epidemiology; Haemonchiasis/parasitology; Haemonchiasis/veterinary*

Fulltext Co-infection of Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus spp. among livestock in Malaysia as revealed by amplification and sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer II DNA region

Tan TK, Panchadcharam C, Low VL, Lee SC, Ngui R, Sharma RS, et al.

BMC Vet Res, 2014;10:38.

PMID: 24502557 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-10-38

Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus spp. are reported to be the most prevalent and highly pathogenic parasites in livestock, particularly in small ruminants. However, the routine conventional tool used in Malaysia could not differentiate the species accurately and therefore limiting the understanding of the co-infections between these two genera among livestock in Malaysia. This study is the first attempt to identify the strongylids of veterinary importance in Malaysia (i.e., H. contortus and Trichostrongylus spp.) by amplification and sequencing of the Internal Transcribed Spacer II DNA region.

Matched MeSH terms: Haemonchiasis/epidemiology; Haemonchiasis/parasitology; Haemonchiasis/veterinary*

Evolution of high-level, multiple anthelmintic resistance on a sheep farm in Malaysia

Chandrawathani P, Waller PJ, Adnan M, Höglund J

Trop Anim Health Prod, 2003 Feb;35(1):17-25.

PMID: 12636358

Anthelmintic resistance in nematode parasites of sheep and goats on a government farm in north Malaysia was monitored over a 3-year period (1997-2000). The faecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) was conducted on young sheep at the beginning and end of this period. Changes in management, designed to reduce the selection pressure for the development of anthelmintic resistance, were also implemented during this time. By far the most important parasite problem was Haemonchus contortus. In 1997, this nematode was found to be resistant to levamisole, with suspected resistance to closantel and moxidectin. However, when the FECRT was repeated 3 years later, its resistance status had become much more severe, with resistance to benzimidazole, levamisole and ivermectin, and suspected resistance to moxidectin. This rapid evolution to multiple anthelmintic resistance is a major concern that needs to be arrested. There is an urgent need to evaluate other control strategies that incorporate livestock management, the 'smart' use of drugs and non-chemotherapeutic approaches, such as biological control agents.

Matched MeSH terms: Haemonchiasis/drug therapy; Haemonchiasis/parasitology; Haemonchiasis/veterinary*

Isolation of an ivermectin-resistant strain of Haemonchus contortus from sheep in Malaysia

Sivaraj S, Pandey VS

Vet Rec, 1994 Sep 24;135(13):307-8.

PMID: 7817517

Matched MeSH terms: Haemonchiasis/drug therapy; Haemonchiasis/parasitology; Haemonchiasis/veterinary*

Effect of subclinical Eimeria species infections in tropical goats subsequently challenged with caprine Haemonchus contortus

Rahman WA

Vet Rec, 1994 Mar 05;134(10):235-7.

PMID: 8197681

Fourteen goat kids of the local indigenous breed naturally infected with Eimeria species were divided into two equal groups. The first group was superinfected with 500,000 Eimeria species oocysts and the second group was treated with amprolium. Sixty days later both groups were infected with 5000 third-stage caprine Haemonchus contortus larvae. The goats experimentally superinfected with eimeria shed more H contortus eggs and gained weight more slowly.

Matched MeSH terms: Haemonchiasis/drug therapy; Haemonchiasis/parasitology; Haemonchiasis/veterinary*

Resistance to benzimidazole anthelmintics by Haemonchus contortus in goats in peninsular Malaysia

Rahman WA

Vet Parasitol, 1994 Oct;55(1-2):155-7.

PMID: 7886916

A previous study had suggested that local strains of goat trichostrongyles, comprising largely Haemonchus contortus, might have developed resistance to benzimidazole anthelmintics. A trial involving 18 goats was conducted to confirm this. There was a significant (P < 0.01) reduction in worm burdens in goats given levamisole, but this was not so for those animals given albendazole, fenbendazole, oxfendazole and mebendazole (P > 0.05).

Matched MeSH terms: Haemonchiasis/drug therapy; Haemonchiasis/veterinary*

Fulltext Genetic diversity of Haemonchus contortus isolated from sympatric wild blue sheep (Pseudois nayaur) and sheep in Helan Mountains, China

Shen DD, Wang JF, Zhang DY, Peng ZW, Yang TY, Wang ZD, et al.

Parasit Vectors, 2017 Sep 19;10(1):437.

PMID: 28927469 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-017-2377-0

BACKGROUND: Haemonchus contortus is known among parasitic nematodes as one of the major veterinary pathogens of small ruminants and results in great economic losses worldwide. Human activities, such as the sympatric grazing of wild with domestic animals, may place susceptible wildlife hosts at risk of increased prevalence and infection intensity with this common small ruminant parasite. Studies on phylogenetic factors of H. contortus should assist in defining the amount of the impact of anthropogenic factors on the extent of sharing of agents such as this nematode between domestic animals and wildlife.

METHODS: H. contortus specimens (n = 57) were isolated from wild blue sheep (Pseudois nayaur) inhabiting Helan Mountains (HM), China and additional H. contortus specimens (n = 20) were isolated from domestic sheep that were grazed near the natural habitat of the blue sheep. Complete ITS2 (second internal transcribed spacer) sequences and partial sequences of the nad4 (nicotinamide dehydrogenase subunit 4 gene) gene were amplified to determine the sequence variations and population genetic diversities between these two populations. Also, 142 nad4 haplotype sequences of H. contortus from seven other geographical regions of China were retrieved from database to further examine the H. contortus population structure.

RESULTS: Sequence analysis revealed 10 genotypes (ITS2) and 73 haplotypes (nad4) among the 77 specimens, with nucleotide diversities of 0.007 and 0.021, respectively, similar to previous studies in other countries, such as Pakistan, Malaysia and Yemen. Phylogenetic analyses (BI, MP, NJ) of nad4 sequences showed that there were no noticeable boundaries among H. contortus populations from different geographical origin and population genetic analyses revealed that most of the variation (94.21%) occurred within H. contortus populations. All phylogenetic analyses indicated that there was little genetic differentiation but a high degree of gene flow among the H. contortus populations among wild blue sheep and domestic ruminants in China.

CONCLUSIONS: The current work is the first genetic characterization of H. contortus isolated from wild blue sheep in the Helan Mountains region. The results revealed a low genetic differentiation and high degree of gene flow between the H. contortus populations from sympatric wild blue sheep and domestic sheep, indicating regular cross-infection between the sympatrically reared ruminants.

Matched MeSH terms: Haemonchiasis/parasitology; Haemonchiasis/veterinary*

Benzimidazole resistance of Haemonchus contortus in goats in Malaysia

Dorny P, Claerebout E, Vercruysse J, Jalila A, Sani R

Vet Rec, 1993 Oct 23;133(17):423-4.

PMID: 8279113

Matched MeSH terms: Haemonchiasis/drug therapy; Haemonchiasis/veterinary*

Genetic variation of Haemonchus contortus (Trichostrongylidae) in sheep and goats from Malaysia and Yemen

Gharamah AA, Azizah MN, Rahman WA

Vet Parasitol, 2012 Sep 10;188(3-4):268-76.

PMID: 22538095 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2012.04.003

The large stomach worm, Haemonchus contortus, commonly known as "the barber's pole worm", is a blood-sucking nematode found in the abomasa of sheep and goats. This work is the first documentation on the ND4 sequences of H. contortus from sheep and goats in Malaysia and Yemen and the results provide a preliminary insight on the genetic differences of H. contortus found in the two countries. In general, this study showed a high degree of diversity and low population structure of this species within the same country in comparison with higher genetic structuring at a wider geographical scale. The results also showed that the majority of genetic variance was within H. contortus populations. The Malaysian sheep and goat populations investigated appeared to share the same isolate of H. contortus while different isolates may be found in Yemen which must be taken into account in the design of an effective control strategy. Analysis of the internal transcribed spacer-2 (ITS-2) confirmed that all samples investigated in this study belonged to H. contortus. However presence of other Haemonchus species parasitizing these two hosts can only be confirmed by further detailed studies.

Matched MeSH terms: Haemonchiasis/epidemiology; Haemonchiasis/parasitology; Haemonchiasis/veterinary*

An association of faecal egg counts and prolactin concentrations in sera of periparturient Angora goats

Rahman WA, Collins GH

Vet Parasitol, 1992 Jun;43(1-2):85-91.

PMID: 1496805

Faecal egg counts and serum prolactin concentrations in 13 pregnant and five non-pregnant Angora goats were monitored over a period of 20 weeks. The mean weekly egg counts of pregnant goats were significantly higher (P less than 0.01) than those of non-pregnant goats. In pregnant goats the mean egg counts in the 6 week post-partum period were significantly higher (P less than 0.01) than those of 6 weeks prepartum. The mean prolactin concentration of pregnant goats during the 6 week post-partum period was significantly higher (P less than 0.01) than that of 6 weeks pre-partum. During the 6 to 3 weeks before parturition, the prolactin values generally remained low (below 100 ng ml-1). The rise in prolactin concentration started between 3 weeks and 1 week before parturition. Only in pregnant goats was there a positive linear regression between prolactin levels and faecal egg counts.

Matched MeSH terms: Haemonchiasis/blood; Haemonchiasis/parasitology; Haemonchiasis/veterinary

Strongyle infections in sheep and goats under the traditional husbandry system in peninsular Malaysia

Dorny P, Symoens C, Jalila A, Vercruysse J, Sani R

Vet Parasitol, 1995 Jan;56(1-3):121-36.

PMID: 7732637

Faecal egg counts were used to study patterns of trichostrongyle infections in sheep and goats according to season, age, pregnancy and lactation on traditional farms in west Malaysia. Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus spp. were the most important strongyles in sheep and in goats, H. contortus, Trichostrongylus spp. and Oesophagostomum spp. were most prevalent. The faecal egg counts of sheep and goats were apparently not influenced by the small seasonal climatic variations. Strongyle infections were acquired at an earlier age in sheep than in goats. Mean faecal egg counts decreased from the age of 8 months onwards in sheep while in goats this occurred from 12-18 months onwards. A periparturient rise in strongyle egg counts was observed in both animal species. Haemonchus contortus was mainly responsible for this rise in faecal egg counts. The results are discussed with reference to control of gastrointestinal strongyle infections in sheep and goats.

Matched MeSH terms: Haemonchiasis/diagnosis; Haemonchiasis/epidemiology; Haemonchiasis/veterinary*

Control of haemonchosis in Malaysian goats with closantel

Dorny P, Vercruysse J, Jalila A, Sani R, Symoens C

Vet Parasitol, 1994 Jun;53(3-4):233-41.

PMID: 7975118

The therapeutic and prophylactic effects of closantel on natural infections with Haemonchus contortus were studied in goats in Peninsular Malaysia. Closantel was highly effective against H. contortus, either at a subcutaneous (s.c.) injection of 5.0 mg kg-1 body weight (100%), or in an oral drench mixture with mebendazole at a dose of 10.0 mg kg-1 (99.2%), as indicated by faecal egg counts. H. contortus larvae were absent from faecal cultures for 5, 6 and 7 weeks following treatment with s.c. injections of closantel at doses of 2.5 mg kg-1, 5.0 mg kg-1 and 10.0 mg kg-1 respectively, and for 6 weeks after treatment with closantel at 10.0 mg kg-1, given orally. Through its sustained activity, closantel not only prevented reinfection with H. contortus but also caused a dramatic reduction in pasture contamination. The potential utility of closantel in the strategic control of haemonchosis in goats, and as an alternative treatment for benzimidazoles and levamisole resistant H. contortus strains, is discussed.

Matched MeSH terms: Haemonchiasis/drug therapy; Haemonchiasis/prevention & control; Haemonchiasis/veterinary*

Anthelmintic resistance in Haemonchus contortus from sheep in Malaysia

Pandey VS, Sivaraj S

Vet Parasitol, 1994 May;53(1-2):67-74.

PMID: 8091619

Albendazole, oxfendazole, fenbendazole, levamisole, closantel, ivermectin and febantel were administered to sheep on four farms and their efficacy assessed by faecal egg count reduction test. High level of resistance of Haemonchus contortus was found to benzimidazoles (albendazole, oxfendazole, fenbendazole) on all farms and to febantel on the one farm where it was tested. No resistance to closantel and levamisole was observed. Resistance to ivermectin was absent on the three farms examined under this study, but has been reported on the fourth farm in earlier work. It is concluded that anthelmintic resistance to benzimidazoles and the probenzimidazole, febantel, is a serious and widespread problem in H. contortus in sheep in Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Haemonchiasis/drug therapy; Haemonchiasis/parasitology; Haemonchiasis/veterinary*

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