Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 138 in total

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  1. Alrashdan MS, Arzmi MH, Ahmad Kamil WN, Al Kawas S, Leao JC
    Ital J Dermatol Venerol, 2023 Oct;158(5):408-418.
    PMID: 37916401 DOI: 10.23736/S2784-8671.23.07676-4
    The oral mucosa can be involved in a wide variety of mucocutaneous conditions that may present primarily in the mouth or affect other cutaneous or mucosal sites. Many of these conditions are immune mediated and typically present as inflammatory mucosal pathology. Patients experiencing such conditions usually seek medical evaluation and treatment due to the associated pain and discomfort and occasionally taste disturbance or dysphagia and the overall deterioration in the oral health-related quality of life. These conditions share some common features and there could be some overlapping in their clinical presentation, which can lead to delays in diagnosis and proper management of patients. Clinicians dealing with such disorders, including dermatologists, need to be aware of the oral manifestations of mucocutaneous conditions, their clinical features, underlying mechanisms, diagnostic approaches, and treatment options, as well as the recent advances in the research on these conditions. This review provides a comprehensive, evidence-based reference for clinicians, with updated insights into a group of immune mediated conditions known to cause oral mucosal pathology. Part one will cover oral lichen planus, erythema multiforme and systemic lupus erythematosus, while part two will cover pemphigus vulgaris and mucous membrane pemphigoid, recurrent aphthous stomatitis, in addition to the less common disorders linear IgA disease, dermatitis herpetiformis and epidermolysis bullosa.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mouth Mucosa/pathology
  2. Chen J, Ahmad R, Li W, Swain M, Li Q
    J R Soc Interface, 2015 Aug 06;12(109):20150325.
    PMID: 26224566 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2015.0325
    The prevalence of prosthodontic treatment has been well recognized, and the need is continuously increasing with the ageing population. While the oral mucosa plays a critical role in the treatment outcome, the associated biomechanics is not yet fully understood. Using the literature available, this paper provides a critical review on four aspects of mucosal biomechanics, including static, dynamic, volumetric and interactive responses, which are interpreted by its elasticity, viscosity/permeability, apparent Poisson's ratio and friction coefficient, respectively. Both empirical studies and numerical models are analysed and compared to gain anatomical and physiological insights. Furthermore, the clinical applications of such biomechanical knowledge on the mucosa are explored to address some critical concerns, including stimuli for tissue remodelling (interstitial hydrostatic pressure), pressure-pain thresholds, tissue displaceability and residual bone resorption. Through this review, the state of the art in mucosal biomechanics and their clinical implications are discussed for future research interests, including clinical applications, computational modelling, design optimization and prosthetic fabrication.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mouth Mucosa/metabolism*; Mouth Mucosa/pathology; Mouth Mucosa/physiopathology*
  3. Abduljabbar T, Vohra F, Akram Z, Ghani SMA, Al-Hamoudi N, Javed F
    J. Photochem. Photobiol. B, Biol., 2017 Aug;173:353-359.
    PMID: 28641206 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.06.016
    BACKGROUND: Oral pigmentation, especially in the gingiva poses esthetic problems. Laser therapy has been widely used for cosmetic therapy in dentistry. The aim of the present study was to systematically review the efficacy of surgical laser therapy (SLT) in the management of oral pigmented lesions (OPL).

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: The addressed focused question was "Is SLT effective in the management of OPL?" Databases (MEDLINE via PubMed; EMBASE; Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Cochrane Oral Health Group Trials Register databases) were searched from 1970 up to and including February 2017.

    RESULTS: Ten studies were included. The reported number of OPL ranged between 8 and 140. Oral pigmented sites included, gingiva, buccal and labial mucosa, alveolar mucosa and lips. Lasers used in the studies included Q-switched alexandrite, Neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet, diode, Erbium: yttrium aluminium garnet and carbon dioxide laser. Laser wavelength, power output and number of irradiations were 635-10,600nm, 1-10W and 1 to 9 times, respectively. The follow up period ranged from 6 to 24months. All studies reported SLT to be effective in the treatment of OPL. In five studies, recurrence of OPL occurred which ranged from 21.4% to 45%.

    CONCLUSIONS: Lasers are effective in the management of OPL including physiologic gingival pigmentation, smokers' melanosis and pigmentation in Laugier-Hunziker syndrome. Different laser types (CO2, Er:YAG and Diode) showed comparable outcomes in the treatment of OPL.

    Matched MeSH terms: Mouth Mucosa/metabolism; Mouth Mucosa/radiation effects*
  4. Kallarakkal TG, Zaini ZM, Ghani WMN, Karen-Ng LP, Siriwardena BSMS, Cheong SC, et al.
    J Oral Pathol Med, 2024 Jan;53(1):53-60.
    PMID: 38081145 DOI: 10.1111/jop.13501
    INTRODUCTION: A major pitfall of many of the established oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) grading criteria is their lack of reproducibility and accuracy to predict malignant transformation. The main objective of this study was to determine whether calibration of practicing oral pathologists on OED grading could improve the reproducibility of the WHO 2017 and the binary OED grading systems.

    METHODS: A nationwide online exercise was carried out to determine the influence of calibration on the reproducibility of the WHO 2017 and the binary OED grading systems.

    RESULTS: A significant improvement was observed in the inter-observer agreement for the WHO 2017 OED grading system (K 0.196 vs. 0.448; Kw 0.357 vs. 0.562) after the calibration exercise. The significant difference (p = 0.027) in the level of agreement between those with five or more years and less than 5 years of experience was no more observed (p = 0.426) after the calibration exercise. The percent agreement for binary grading was significantly higher (91.8%) for buccal mucosal lesions as compared to lesions on the tongue after the calibration exercise.

    CONCLUSION: This study validates the significance of calibration in improving the reproducibility of OED grading. The nationwide exercise resulted in a statistically significant improvement in the inter-observer agreement for the WHO 2017 OED grading system among a large number of oral pathologists. It is highly recommended that similar exercises should be organized periodically by professional bodies responsible for continuing education among oral pathologists to improve the reliability of OED grading for optimal treatment of oral potentially malignant disorders.

    Matched MeSH terms: Mouth Mucosa/pathology
  5. Kannan S, Chandrasekaran B, Muthusamy S, Sidhu P, Suresh N
    Gerodontology, 2014 Jun;31(2):149-52.
    PMID: 24797620 DOI: 10.1111/ger.12010
    Burns of the oral mucosa may be caused by thermal, mechanical, chemical, electrical or radiation injury. Clinically, these burns can produce localised or diffuse areas of tissue damage depending on the severity and extent of the insult. Most oral thermal burns produce erosions or ulcers on the palate or tongue.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mouth Mucosa
  6. Al-Rudayni AHM, Gopinath D, Maharajan MK, Veettil SK, Menon RK
    PMID: 34299869 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18147418
    Oral mucositis is a debilitating complication of chemotherapy, characterized by erythema, ulcers and oedema of the oral mucosa. This review aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Photobiomodulation in the treatment of oral mucositis using meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis, and also to assess the quality of the results by Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE). A comprehensive search of three databases, including Embase, Medline and Central, was performed to identify randomized controlled trials studying the efficacy of Photobiomodulation in the treatment of cancer chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis. The primary outcome was reduction in the severity of oral mucositis. Secondary outcomes were pain relief, duration of oral mucositis and adverse effects. The meta-analysis was performed using the random-effects model, and random errors of the meta-analyses were detected by trial sequential analysis. A total of 6 randomized controlled trials with 398 participants were included in our analysis. Photobiomodulation significantly reduced the severity of oral mucositis when compared to sham radiation (RR 0.43, 95% CI 0.20 to 0.93; p < 0.05). Sensitivity analysis by excluding trials with high risk of bias reiterated the robustness of our results (RR 0.28, 95% CI 0.16 to 0.48). Trial sequential analysis illustrated that the evidence from the meta-analysis was conclusive. The result of the meta-analyses with trial sequential analysis illustrated that Photobiomodulation is an effective therapeutic intervention for the treatment of oral mucositis, and the evidence gathered can be considered conclusive with a moderate level of certainty according to GRADE. Further trials are recommended to standardize the laser parameters required for the optimal effect.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mouth Mucosa
  7. Nor Idahriani Muhd Nor, Azhany Yaakub, Naik, Venkatesh R., Wan Hazabbah Wan Hitam, Liza Sharmini Ahmad Tajudin
    MyJurnal
    The reconstruction of the upper eyelid with medial canthal involvement post extensive removal of malignant tumour remains a challenge. Proper eyelid reconstruction is necessary to reestablish anatomic integrity, restoration of its functions and to maintain the best cosmetic appearance. These case reports illustrate an alternative reconstructive technique for large upper eyelid full thickness defect with medial canthal involvement. Two cases of upper eyelid tumours involving medial canthal region underwent staged reconstruction by glabellar flap advancement and reconstruction of the posterior lamellar with autologous graft using buccal mucosa and ear cartilage. The posterior lamellar graft and flap survived without any complication except for mild eyelid margin notching in one of the two cases. The staged reconstruction with glabellar flap advancement provides adequate defect coverage, excellent blood supply, maintains eyebrow contour and function of the eyelid. The flap also perfectly matches the surrounding tissue with minimal donor site morbidity.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mouth Mucosa
  8. Ghasak Ghazi Faisal, Faridah Md Khalid, Yusri Yazid
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Smoking is a well-known cause of oral disease and oral cancer. Several dysplastic cytological changes occur before the appearance of the clinical lesion. This study aimed to investigate the cytopathological effects of smoking in clinically normal oral mucosa of cigarette smokers.
    Materials and Methods: A total of 40 cigarette smokers and 40 nonsmokers (control group) were included in this study. All participants had clinically normal oral mucosa. Oral smears were obtained from the side of the tongue and floor of the mouth using a Cytobrush. The smears were stained by Papanicolaou stain and examined under light microscope for inflammation, hyperkeratinization and dysplasia.
    Results: There was a significantly higher rate(p<0.005) of inflammation 63%, hyperkeratiniztion 62% and mild dysplasia 26% among smokers than non-smokers where the rates were 35%, 12% and 2% respectively.
    Conclusion: Smoking causes significant cytopathological changes in normal oral mucosa, the detection of which is important to prevent progression into carcinoma. The procedure is fast, painless and inexpensive.
    KEYWORDS: Papanicolaou stain, brush biopsy, cigarette smokers, dysplasia, oral mucosa
    Matched MeSH terms: Mouth Mucosa
  9. Karen-Ng, L.P., Hassan, S., Marhazlinda, J., Zain, R.B., Choon, Y.F.
    Ann Dent, 2012;19(2):62-65.
    MyJurnal
    The purpose of this study was to determine the
    DNA yield and quality from different non-invasive
    sampling methods and to identify the method which
    gave the highest DNA yield. Method: Thirty-eight
    volunteers had been recruited in this study where
    blood, buccal cells and saliva were collected using
    various collection techniques. Buccal cells were
    collected by 1) cytobrush and 2) saline mouth rinsing
    or “swish”. Meanwhile saliva was collected by passive
    drooling method. Upon processing the white blood
    cell (WBC), buccal cells and saliva samples, DNA
    extraction was performed according to the
    manufacturer’s protocol. Quantification and quality
    (DNA ratio at A260/A280) of the extracted DNA were
    determined using NanoDropND-1000®. T-test was
    performed to compare means between DNA obtained
    from various collection methods. Results: DNA yields
    from buccal cells collected with cytobrush, “swish”,
    saliva and WBC (mean ± SD) were (8.2 ± 5.9)ng/μl,
    (28.2 ± 14.9)ng/μl, (5.9 ± 9.5)ng/μl and (105.3 ±
    75.0)ng/μl respectively. Meanwhile the mean DNA
    ratio at A260/A280 for cytobrush, “swish”, saliva and
    WBC were 2.3, 2.0, 1.7 and 1.8 respectively. Post hoc
    test with Bonferroni correction suggested that DNA
    yield from “swish” technique exhibited the least mean
    different as compared to the DNA extracted from WBC
    (p
    Matched MeSH terms: Mouth Mucosa
  10. Choudhury M, Brunton P, Schwass D, Pletzer D, Ratnayake J, Dias G, et al.
    Syst Rev, 2024 Jan 25;13(1):39.
    PMID: 38273391 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-023-02425-9
    BACKGROUND: Oral mucositis remains a significant complication during cancer therapy with no effective treatment. Gold nanoparticles offer anti-inflammatory, antioxidant properties with low toxicity. This study systematically reviews the literature assessing gold nanoparticles in the management of oral mucositis in animal models.

    METHODS: A literature search was undertaken using MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science databases, using the format for Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation. Prior to the review, the protocol was registered in the systematic review register, PROSPERO (registration no. CRD42021272169). Outcome measures included ulceration, histopathological scores, inflammatory mediators, microbial growth, and pain. Study quality was analysed by SYRCLE risk-of-bias tool.

    RESULTS: Only one study met the inclusion criteria, documenting reduction in ulceration, inflammatory, and oxidative biomarkers. Exposure to AuNPs prevented inflammatory response induced by 5-fluorouracil in oral mucosa of hamsters. However, a high risk of bias necessitates further research.

    CONCLUSION: This review identifies a potential therapeutic strategy for prevention and management of oral mucositis. It also provides future direction for gold nanoparticle research in oral mucositis; however, there is lack of sufficient evidence to derive any conclusion. Research with standardized parameters including nanoparticle size, capping agent, surface charge, and appropriate oral mucositis animal models will establish risk-benefit balance and margin of safety for therapeutic use of gold nanoparticles for oral mucositis.

    Matched MeSH terms: Mouth Mucosa
  11. Chai WL, Brook IM, Palmquist A, van Noort R, Moharamzadeh K
    J R Soc Interface, 2012 Dec 7;9(77):3528-38.
    PMID: 22915635 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2012.0507
    For dental implants, it is vital that an initial soft tissue seal is achieved as this helps to stabilize and preserve the peri-implant tissues during the restorative stages following placement. The study of the implant-soft tissue interface is usually undertaken in animal models. We have developed an in vitro three-dimensional tissue-engineered oral mucosal model (3D OMM), which lends itself to the study of the implant-soft tissue interface as it has been shown that cells from the three-dimensional OMM attach onto titanium (Ti) surfaces forming a biological seal (BS). This study compares the quality of the BS achieved using the three-dimensional OMM for four types of Ti surfaces: polished, machined, sandblasted and anodized (TiUnite). The BS was evaluated quantitatively by permeability and cell attachment tests. Tritiated water (HTO) was used as the tracing agent for the permeability test. At the end of the permeability test, the Ti discs were removed from the three-dimensional OMM and an Alamar Blue assay was used for the measurement of residual cells attached to the Ti discs. The penetration of the HTO through the BS for the four types of Ti surfaces was not significantly different, and there was no significant difference in the viability of residual cells that attached to the Ti surfaces. The BS of the tissue-engineered oral mucosa around the four types of Ti surface topographies was not significantly different.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mouth Mucosa/physiology*
  12. Iq KC, Shu-Chien AC
    PLoS One, 2011;6(4):e18555.
    PMID: 21533134 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0018555
    Mouthbrooding is an elaborate form of parental care displayed by many teleost species. While the direct benefits of mouthbrooding such as protection and transportation of offsprings are known, it is unclear if mouthbrooding offers additional benefits to embryos during incubation. In addition, mouthbrooding could incur negative costs on parental fish, due to limited feeding opportunities. Parental tilapia fish (Oreochromis spp.) display an elaborated form of parental care by incubating newly hatched embryos in oral buccal cavity until the complete adsorption of yolk sac. In order to understand the functional aspects of mouthbrooding, we undertake a proteomics approach to compare oral mucus sampled from mouthbrooders and non-mouthbrooders, respectively. Majority of the identified proteins have also been previously identified in other biological fluids or mucus-rich organs in different organisms. We also showed the upregulation of 22 proteins and down regulation of 3 proteins in mucus collected from mouthbrooders. Anterior gradient protein, hemoglobin beta-A chain and alpha-2 globin levels were lower in mouthbrooder samples. Mouthbrooder oral mucus collectively showed increase levels of proteins related to cytoskeletal properties, glycolytic pathway and mediation of oxidative stress. Overall the findings suggest cellular stress response, probably to support production of mucus during mouthbrooding phase.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mouth Mucosa/secretion*
  13. Jalil AA, Zain RB, van der Waal I
    Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 2005 Aug;43(4):336-8.
    PMID: 15993288
    The diagnosis of Darier disease of the oral mucosa was made only after biopsying a leukoplakia-like lesion of the palate.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mouth Mucosa/pathology
  14. Siar CH, Tan BH
    J Oral Sci, 2000 Dec;42(4):205-10.
    PMID: 11269378
    The turnaround time (TAT) for oral biopsies received for histological examination by the Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, for the years 1978, 1988 and 1998 was evaluated. For the three years studied, TATs for 61, 233 and 463 specimens were retrospectively analysed. Testing intervals, that is, from the dates the surgeons procured the specimens, the laboratories accessioned them and until the pathologists signed off the diagnoses, were used to calculate TAT. The performance level of the respective pathologists, the growth of tissue diagnostic services and the possible variables that influence TAT were also evaluated. As prompt diagnosis means prompt treatment, which in turn has a bearing on prognosis, the TAT pertinent to oral malignant tumors was emphasized. The mean TAT, its mode and median fell significantly in 1998 compared with the previous 2 years; it was lower for soft tissue than for hard tissue specimens, and lower for malignant, than for non-malignant specimens. The progression of tissue diagnostic services is up to a satisfactory level, as 88.89 % of biopsies could render diagnoses within a fair period of time in 1998.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mouth Mucosa/pathology
  15. Krishnan MMS, Janakarajah N
    Med J Malaysia, 1983 Mar;38(1):43-6.
    PMID: 6633335
    Carcinoma of the buccal mucosa is the commonest intra-oral malignancy seen in Malaysia. The purpose of this paper is to present 12 patients with carcinoma of the buccal mucosa who were seen by the authors between January 1981 to September 1981. The principal problems are those of late presentation and treatment, these aspects are illustrated, with a view of early return to normal life.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mouth Mucosa/surgery*
  16. Yusof WZ, Khoo SP
    Singapore Dent J, 1988 Dec;13(1):39-40.
    PMID: 3155002
    Mucosal sensitivity to chlorhexidine mouthwash is a rare occurrence and very few cases have been reported in the literature. The authors report 2 cases of oral sensitivity to chlorhexidine and discuss the side-effects, possible causes of sensitivity and the management of the cases.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mouth Mucosa/drug effects*
  17. Awang MN
    Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 1988 Apr;17(2):110-5.
    PMID: 3133418
    Oroantral fistula is an uncommon complication in oral surgery. Although smaller fistulas of less than 5 mm in diameter may close spontaneously, larger fistulas always require surgical closures. The literature review revealed various procedures for the closure of oroantral fistulas. These procedures may be subdivided into local flap, distant flap and grafting. Procedures involving local flaps are usually adequate to close minor to moderate size defects. Those procedures utilizing the buccal mucoperiosteal flap as the tissue closure include straight-advancement, rotated, sliding and transversal flap procedures; while those involving the palatal mucoperiosteum are straight advancement, rotational-advancement, hinged and island flap procedures. The combinations of various local flaps to strengthen the tissue closure are also being advocated. The advantages and the limitations of these procedures are discussed. Distant flaps and bone grafts are usually indicated in the closure of larger defects in view of their greater tissue bulks. Tongue flaps have superseded extra-oral flaps from extremities and forehead for aesthetic reasons and also in view of their similar tissue replacement. Various tongue flap procedures are described. At present, various alloplastic materials such as gold, tantalum and polymethylmethacrylate are infrequently reported in the closure of oroantral fistulas. However, in the light of successful reports over the use of biological materials, collagen and fibrin, in the closure of oroantral fistulas, there seems to be another simple alternative technique for treating oroantral fistulas.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mouth Mucosa/transplantation
  18. Said Z, Murdoch C, Hansen J, Siim Madsen L, Colley HE
    Eur J Oral Sci, 2021 04;129(2):e12761.
    PMID: 33645844 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12761
    Oral lichen planus (OLP) is an immune-mediated disease of the oral mucosa with idiopathic aetiology. It is frequently treated with topical corticosteroids (applied as gels, mouthwashes, or sprays); however, the mucosal exposure times of topical corticosteroids are short because of removal by the constant flow of saliva and mechanical forces. In this study we used cell monolayers, as well as oral mucosal equivalents (OMEs) containing activated T-cells, to examine corticosteroid potency and delivery of clobetasol-17-propionate from a novel electrospun mucoadhesive patch. The OMEs displayed tight junctions, desmosomes, hemidesmosomes, and an efficient permeability barrier. Following application of corticosteroids to cells cultured as monolayers, the degree of cytotoxicity measured correlated to the level of potency recognized for each corticosteroid; by contrast, OMEs were largely unaffected by corticosteroid treatment. Permeation of clobetasol-17-propionate into and through the OMEs was time- and dose-dependent, regardless of whether this corticosteroid was delivered in liquid form or from a mucoadhesive patch, and both liquid- and patch-delivered clobetasol-17-propionate significantly reduced the secretion of interleukin-2 by activated T-cells. This study confirms that OMEs are more suitable models than cell monolayers for evaluating toxicity and drug delivery. After topical exposure, clobetasol-17-propionate accumulated in OMEs at a higher level than betamethasone-17-valerate and hydrocortisone-17-valerate, and exerted its immunosuppressive actions following application via the patch delivery system, highlighting the efficacy of this mode of drug delivery to treat OLP.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mouth Mucosa*
  19. Mohd Nor NH, Berahim Z, Ahmad A, Kannan TP
    Curr Stem Cell Res Ther, 2017;12(1):52-60.
    PMID: 27538403
    Oral mucosa is a mucous membrane lining the oral cavity. Its main function is to protect the deeper structures against the external factors; thermal, chemical, mechanical and biological stimuli. Apart from that, it also plays a significant role during mastication, deglutition and speech. Some oral diseases or injuries to oral mucosa lead to impairment of the oral functions and aesthetics which eventually result in permanent defect of oral mucosa. In order to overcome this defect, different approaches for the development of reconstructed oral mucosa models have been employed including skin/autologous grafts, guided tissue replacement, vestibuloplasty etc. However, the finding of an acceptable source for the transplantations or autologous grafts seems a bit challenging. To overcome this problem, the development of oral mucosa using tissue engineering approach has been widely studied involving various cell lines from different sources. This paper aims to highlight various cell sources used in the development of tissueengineered oral mucosa models based on articles retrieved from PubMed and MEDLINE databases using the search terms "oral mucosa tissue engineering", regardless of time when published.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mouth Mucosa/cytology*
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