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  1. Adam Linoby, Jamiaton Kusrin, Muhammad Iskandar Asraff, Muhammad Azamuddin Rodzi, Sufyan Zaki, Hosni Hasan
    Jurnal Inovasi Malaysia, 2020;3(2):1-11.
    MyJurnal
    Penggunaan instrumen pemantauan elektronik dalam peralatan latihan konvensional mempunyai pengaruh positif terhadap tahap minat pengguna, seterusnya meningkatkan pengalaman latihan dan prestasi keseluruhan. Oleh yang demikian, individu boleh mendapatkan manfaat optima dari sebarang latihan sekiranya individu diberi sasaran prestasi tertentu yang mudah difahami, dimaklumkan mengenai kemajuan latihan, diberi motivasi, bimbingan, dorongan dan arahan lisan. Walau bagaimanapun, instrumen pemantauan elektronik konvensional tidak berfungsi secara langsung untuk memotivasi atau melatih individu di dalam program latihan mereka. Malah, peralatan komersial ini terhad penggunaannya di dalam latihan bukan kardiovaskular (contohnya, angkatan bebanan dan latihan isometrik). Sistem prototaip jurulatih senaman maya berupaya menyelesaikan masalah ini dengan menyediakan sensorgerak pintar yang dapat diletakkan secara magnetik ke permukaan alatan senaman seperti dumbbell, atau sebahagian daripada peralatan senaman, seperti pemegang logam dari peralatan senaman. Sensor ini akan menghantar isyarat terus ke aplikasi di peranti mudah alih pengguna untuk diproses dan mengeluarkan outputpanduan senaman, maklum balas interaktif, outputvisual dan audio motivasi semasa latihan senaman. Penciptaan sistem senaman yang praktikal ini berpotensi membantu bukan sahaja individu yang aktif, malahan atlet, pesakit yang menjalani senaman rehabilitasi, warga emas dan individu kurang aktif untuk melaksanakan latihan senaman yang lebih berkesan, interaktif dan selamat.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mucin-1
  2. Nur Akmar Jamil, Gan SM, Burhanuddin Yeop Majlis, Susthitha Menon P
    Sains Malaysiana, 2018;47:1033-1038.
    Artikel ini menganalisis biosensor resonans plasmon permukaan (SPR) dengan lapisan grafin yang meningkatkan
    kecekapan biosensor urea kerana penerapannya yang tinggi. Tatasusunan Kretschmann merupakan teknik yang paling
    berkesan digunakan untuk pengujaan plasmon. Dalam kajian ini, kami menganalisis kesan ekalapisan MoS2 dengan
    lapisan grafin yang didepositkan pada bahan plasmon, iaitu logam emas (Au), di dalam tatasusunan ini. Simulasi untuk
    menganalisis tatasusunan ini adalah berdasarkan kepada kaedah perbezaan terhingga domain masa (FDTD). Prestasi
    biosensor SPR dapat dipantau dengan menganalisis kepekaan dan lebar penuh pada separuh maksimum (FWHM) spektrum
    SPR. Pengukuran diperhatikan pada panjang gelombang 670 nm dan 785 nm untuk pengesanan urea. Indeks molar dan
    indeks biasan berbeza (RI) daripada 1.335 sehingga 1.342 untuk lapisan penderiaan. Keputusan menunjukkan peratus
    peningkatan kepekaan biosensor Au/MoS2
    /grafin berbanding biosensor Au konvensional adalah 98% dan 202% masingmasing
    pada panjang gelombang 670 nm dan 785 nm. Ini menunjukkan bahawa cadangan biosensor SPR yang novel ini
    adalah lebih sensitif untuk pengesanan urea.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mucin-1
  3. Nurhanim M, Noraini T, Chung R, Nurul-Aini, Ruzi A
    Sains Malaysiana, 2014;43:331-338.
    Kajian anatomi dan mikromorfologi daun telah dijalankan ke atas lima takson dalam genus Schoutenia Korth. (Malvaceae subfam. Brownlowioideae). Lima takson yang dipilih dalam kajian ini ialah S. kunstleri, S. leprosula, S. accrescens subsp. accrescens, S. accrescens subsp. borneensis dan S. accrescens subsp. stellata. Kajian anatomi melibatkan kaedah hirisan dengan mikrotom gelongsor pada bahagian petiol, lamina, tulang daun dan tepi daun, kaedah penjernihan lamina dan kaedah siatan epidermis daun, penjernihan dengan larutan peluntur, pewarnaan dengan Safranin dan Alcian Blue, pelekapan Canada Balsam dan cerapan bawah mikroskop cahaya. Kajian mikromorfologi melibatkan kaedah pendehidratan, titik pengeringan kritikal, saduran emas dan cerapan bawah mikroskop imbasan elektron. Objektif kajian ialah untuk melihat nilai taksonomi ciri anatomi dan mikromorfologi daun dalam genus yang dikaji. Hasil kajian menunjukkan terdapat sembilan ciri sepunya, tujuh ciri variasi yang boleh digunakan untuk pembezaan spesies dan dua ciri diagnostik yang boleh digunakan untuk pengecaman spesies. Ciri tersebut ialah corak hiasan kutikel pada S. kunstleri dan juga kehadiran sel kolenkima lamela pada S. accrescens subsp. stellata. Hasil kajian menunjukkan ciri anatomi serta mikromorfologi daun dalam genus Schoutenia mempunyai nilai taksonomi terutama dalam pembezaan dan pengecaman pada peringkat spesies dan subspesies.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mucin-1
  4. Leong CF, Raudhawati O, Cheong SK, Sivagengei K, Noor Hamidah H
    Pathology, 2003 Oct;35(5):422-7.
    PMID: 14555387
    AIMS: Epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) or MUC1 belongs to a heterogeneous group of heavily glycosylated proteins and is expressed in most normal and epithelial neoplastic cells. EMA is also expressed in plasma cells, anaplastic large cell lymphoma (Ki-1 antigen), malignant histiocytosis and erythroleukaemia. In 1996, Cheong et al. (Hematology 1996; 1: 223) demonstrated the positive expression of EMA in monoblasts. Since there were very few useful markers for differentiating subtypes of acute myeloid leukaemia with a monocytic component from the those without, a study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of EMA expression and its relationship with known markers for monocytic-macrophage lineage (CD11c, CD14 and intracellular CD68) in monocytes and monoblasts.

    METHODS: EMA detection was performed by flow cytometry in monocytes and monoblasts. EMA expression was compared with other known markers of monocytic-macrophage lineage (CD11c, CD14 and intracellular CD68). Samples of purified monocytes were obtained from 20 healthy volunteers. Twenty-two cases of monocytic AML (M4 and M5) were studied and controls were selected from 20 cases of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) and 18 cases of non-monocytic AML (M0, M1, M2, M3, and M7).

    RESULTS: EMA was shown to be expressed strongly on the surface of all purified monocytes. EMA expression was observed on blast cells in 18/22 (81.8%) cases of AML M4 and M5, but not in that of non-monocytic AML or ALL. In this study EMA monoclonal antibody has demonstrated a strong association (P<0.001) with all the other known markers of monocytic-macrophage lineage in acute leukaemia subtypes. EMA had also shown 100% specificity and 81.8% sensitivity in the diagnosis of AML M4 and M5.

    CONCLUSIONS: The monoclonal antibody EMA (clone E29) is a useful marker in the classification of acute myeloid leukaemia and can be used as a supplementary analysis for the diagnosis of acute leukemia with monocytic involvement.

    Matched MeSH terms: Mucin-1/analysis; Mucin-1/metabolism*
  5. Hui Yan T, Lim SJ, Babji AS, Rawi MH, Sarbini SR
    Int J Biol Macromol, 2021 Apr 01;175:422-431.
    PMID: 33561458 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.02.007
    Bioactive edible swiftlet's nest (ESN) sialylated-mucin (SiaMuc) hydrolysate is produced by alcalase hydrolysis. Enzymatic hydrolysis of ESN breakdown high-valued ESN SiaMuc-glycoprotein into bioactive SiaMuc-glycopeptide. This is a breakthrough for the issue of insolubility and low extraction rate in ESN, and even increases the bioavailability of ESN nutritional functionality and health benefits. Hydrolysis of ESN SiaMuc-glycoprotein was performed for 1 to 4 h and its effect on physicochemical properties, molecular weight (MW) distribution, SiaMuc-glycoprotein and glycopeptide integrity were determined. Other than improvement in solubility and bioavailability as SiaMuc-glycopeptide, results from SDS-PAGE revealed that MW of SiaMuc-glycoprotein decreased from 42.0-148.8 kDa to 17.7-142.7 kDa with increasing hydrolysis period. Further hydrolysis from maximized DH (90 min) showed an insignificant effect on the MW of ESN SiaMuc-glycopeptide and remained constant at 15.2 kDa. This highlights that enzymatic hydrolysis only influences macro SiaMuc-glycoprotein fractions (142.7, 115.3 and 102.7 kDa), while the majority of SiaMuc-glycopeptide fractions from 36.6-98.6 kDa remained intact. Conclusively, alcalase hydrolysis of ESN showed high recovery in the form of bioactive ESN SiaMuc-glycopeptide. Therefore, enzymatic biotechnology is an economic alternative applicable on ESN that broaden industrial utilization by reducing the MW without destroying the quality of bioactive SiaMuc-glycoprotein.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mucin-1
  6. Hamid SS, Cheah SH
    Hybridoma (Larchmt), 2011 Apr;30(2):137-43.
    PMID: 21529286 DOI: 10.1089/hyb.2010.0091
    Breast mucin is secreted by breast tumor cells and serves as a marker for breast cancer. Thus, antibodies against breast mucin will be valuable in the development of immunotherapy and laboratory diagnostic tests. Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against breast cancer-associated antigen were generated and characterized. Balb/c mice were immunized with breast cancer-associated antigen CA15-3, and subsequently splenocytes from immunized mice were fused with myeloma cells. After fusion, culture supernatants from hybridomas surviving HAT medium were screened by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A total of eight hybridomas producing MAbs against breast cancer showed significant levels of antibody activity against CA15-3. Two selected stable hybridomas were adapted into CELLine CL 350 bioreactors, and the MAbs produced were characterized for their subclass, specificity, and affinity. The MAbs were of high specificity and affinity as shown by ELISA. The MAbs produced may represent a powerful tool and are considered promising reagents for use in diagnosis and detection of early stage of the disease.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mucin-1/biosynthesis; Mucin-1/immunology*
  7. Velaiutham S, Taib NA, Ng KL, Yoong BK, Yip CH
    Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2008 Jul-Sep;9(3):445-8.
    PMID: 18990019
    INTRODUCTION: CA15-3 is a well-known tumour marker for breast cancer. Currently it is not recommended for screening or diagnosis of breast cancer and its main application is in monitoring response to treatment in women with metastatic breast cancer. The aim of this study was to correlate serum CA15-3 at presentation with the stage of disease and overall survival in women with breast cancer in the University Malaya Medical Centre.

    METHODS: This is a retrospective study of 437 women who had CA15-3 levels determined at initial presentation of breast cancer to UMMC between Jan 1999 and Oct 2003.

    RESULTS: Of those patients who were adequately staged, CA15-3 was found to be elevated (defined as >51 U/ml) in 0% of Stage 1, 7.9% of Stage 2, 36.7% of Stage 3 and 68.6% of Stage 4 cases. In a subset of 331 patients with survival data, patients with normal CA15-3 had a 85% five year overall survival rate compared to 38% in their counterparts with elevation of the tumor marker. The level of elevation was also significantly related to survival; patients with values more than 200 U/ml exhibited only a 28% five year survival. The association of elevated CA15-3 at initial presentation with poor outcome was maintained over univariate and multivariate analyses.

    CONCLUSION: Estimation of CA15-3 at presentation of breast cancer is important as it is an independent prognostic indicator and may prompt the physician to investigate for metastases if elevated.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mucin-1/blood; Mucin-1/genetics
  8. Thabethe KR, Adefolaju GA, Hosie MJ
    Biomed Pharmacother, 2015 Apr;71:227-32.
    PMID: 25960241 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2015.03.001
    Cervical cancer is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer globally and it is one of three AIDS defining malignancies. Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is a combination of three or more antiretroviral drugs and has been shown to play a significant role in reducing the incidence of some AIDS defining malignancies, although its effect on cervical cancer is still unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between cervical cancer and HAART. This was achieved by studying the expression of two signalling molecules expressed in cervical cancer; MUC1 and P65. Following the 24-hour treatment of a cervical cancer cell line, HCS-2, with drugs, which are commonly used as part of HAART at their clinical plasma concentrations, real-time qPCR and immunofluorescence were used in order to study gene and protein expression. A one-way ANOVA followed by a Tukey-Kramer post-hoc test was conducted using JMP 11 software on both sets of data. The drug classified as a protease inhibitor (PI) (i.e. LPV/r) reduced MUC1 and P65 gene and protein expression more than the other drug tested. PIs are known to play a significant role in cell death; therefore, the cells were thought to be more susceptible to cell death following treatment with PIs. In conclusion, the drugs used, especially the PI showed some anticancer effects by facilitating cell death through decreased gene and protein expression of MUC1 and P65 and present promising agents for cancer treatment.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mucin-1/genetics*; Mucin-1/metabolism
  9. Boo K, Cheng S
    Malays J Pathol, 1992 Jun;14(1):45-8.
    PMID: 1469918
    Monoclonal plasma cell proliferative diseases such as multiple myeloma and plasmacytoma can involve extramedullary sites at the time of first presentation, or subsequently in the course of the disease. Under such circumstances, they can mimic primary or metastatic carcinomas, neuroendocrine or neuroectodermal tumours and lymphomas, and the pathologist often has to resort to immunohistochemistry as an aid to diagnosis. We studied the morphology and immunohistochemical properties of 10 cases of previously confirmed monoclonal plasma cell proliferative lesions retrieved from the files of the Department of Pathology, University of Malaya. Serial 4u thick paraffin sections were stained with H&E, the Unna-Pappenheim technique for nucleic acid and a panel of antibodies using a standard immunoperoxidase technique. Light chain restriction was demonstrable in most of the cases. Seven (70%) showed kappa and 2 (20%) lambda light chain restriction. The remaining case was not stainable with most of the antibodies in the panel. The majority (80%) of cases showed accompanying IgG heavy chain in the cytoplasm, while 1 case had IgA. Seven (70%) showed membrane positivity with antibody to epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) and 7 (70%) cytoplasmic positivity with antibody to vimentin. This study enhances our awareness that neoplastic plasma cells can be positive for EMA and vimentin, and cautions us from misinterpreting these lesions as carcinomas or sarcomas. Notwithstanding that, immunohistochemical staining for kappa and lambda light chains can be helpful in differentiating monoclonal plasma cell proliferations from polyclonal ones.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mucin-1
  10. Jayaram G, Looi LM
    Malays J Pathol, 1994 Jun;16(1):83-7.
    PMID: 16329582
    A five-month-old male baby presented with an abdominal mass which was found on computerised tomography (CT) to be involving the left kidney. Nephrectomy and histopathological study showed morphological featues of a malignant rhabdoid tumour. The tumour cells stained strongly for cytokeratin and epithelial membrane antigen and less intensely for vimentin. Electron microscopy revealed concentric whorled arrays of intermediate filaments within the tumour cell cytoplasm. The child was put on post-operative chemotherapy and radiotherapy but developed bilateral lung metastases and died three months after surgery.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mucin-1/analysis
  11. Tan HT, Hagner S, Ruchti F, Radzikowska U, Tan G, Altunbulakli C, et al.
    Allergy, 2019 02;74(2):294-307.
    PMID: 30267575 DOI: 10.1111/all.13619
    BACKGROUND: Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease with marked clinical and pathophysiological heterogeneity. Specific pathways are thought to be involved in the pathomechanisms of different inflammatory phenotypes of asthma; however, direct in vivo comparison has not been performed.

    METHODS: We developed mouse models representing three different phenotypes of allergic airway inflammation-eosinophilic, mixed, and neutrophilic asthma via different methods of house dust mite sensitization and challenge. Transcriptomic analysis of the lungs, followed by the RT-PCR, western blot, and confocal microscopy, was performed. Primary human bronchial epithelial cells cultured in air-liquid interface were used to study the mechanisms revealed in the in vivo models.

    RESULTS: By whole-genome transcriptome profiling of the lung, we found that airway tight junction (TJ), mucin, and inflammasome-related genes are differentially expressed in these distinct phenotypes. Further analysis of proteins from these families revealed that Zo-1 and Cldn18 were downregulated in all phenotypes, while increased Cldn4 expression was characteristic for neutrophilic airway inflammation. Mucins Clca1 (Gob5) and Muc5ac were upregulated in eosinophilic and even more in neutrophilic phenotype. Increased expression of inflammasome-related molecules such as Nlrp3, Nlrc4, Casp-1, and IL-1β was characteristic for neutrophilic asthma. In addition, we showed that inflammasome/Th17/neutrophilic axis cytokine-IL-1β-may transiently impair epithelial barrier function, while IL-1β and IL-17 increase mucin expressions in primary human bronchial epithelial cells.

    CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that differential expression of TJ, mucin, and inflammasome-related molecules in distinct inflammatory phenotypes of asthma may be linked to pathophysiology and might reflect the differences observed in the clinic.

    Matched MeSH terms: Mucin-1/metabolism*
  12. Zulkarnaen M, Tang IP, Wong SL
    Malays J Pathol, 2012 Jun;34(1):53-5.
    PMID: 22870599 MyJurnal
    We present a case of a papillary tumour at the cerebellopontine angle in a 41-year-old man. He presented with left-sided facial and ear pain associated with dizziness, nystagmus and hearing loss. CT scan of the temporal bone showed a destructive tumour at the left cerebellopontine angle. Surgical excision was performed and the diagnosis of the endolymphatic sac tumour was made. Endolymphatic tumour is a low grade adenocarcinoma that originates from the endolymphatic sac. The definitive diagnosis requires a combination of clinical features, radiological finding and pathological correlation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mucin-1/metabolism
  13. Baraya YS, Wong KK, Yaacob NS
    J Ethnopharmacol, 2019 Apr 06;233:13-21.
    PMID: 30594607 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.12.041
    ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Strobilanthes crispus (L.) Blume, locally known in Malaysia as "Pecah kaca" or "Jin batu", has been traditionally used for treatment of various ailments including cancer. We previously demonstrated that a standardized bioactive subfraction of S. crispus, termed as F3, possessed potent anticancer effects in both in vitro and in vivo breast cancer models.

    AIM OF THE STUDY: To investigate the potential of F3 from S. crispus to prevent metastasis in breast cancer.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: The antimetastatic effects of F3 were first investigated on murine 4T1 and human MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell (BCC) lines using cell proliferation, wound healing and invasion assays. A 4T1-induced mouse mammary carcinoma model was then used to determine the expression of metastasis tumor markers, epithelial (E)-cadherin, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, mucin (MUC)-1, nonepithelial (N)-cadherin, Twist, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and vimentin, using immunohistochemistry, following oral treatment with F3 for 30 days.

    RESULTS: Significant growth arrest was observed with F3 IC50 values of 84.27 µg/ml (24 h) and 74.41 µg/ml (48 h) for MDA-MB-231, and 87.35 µg/ml (24 h) and 78.75 µg/ml (48 h) for 4T1 cells. F3 significantly inhibited migration of both BCC lines at 50 μg/ml for 24 h (p = 0.018 and p = 0.015, respectively). Similarly, significant inhibition of invasion was demonstrated in 4T1 (75 µg/ml, p = 0.016) and MDA-MB-231 (50 µg/ml, p = 0.040) cells compared to the untreated cultures. F3 treatment resulted in reduced tumor growth compared to untreated mice (p 

    Matched MeSH terms: Mucin-1/metabolism
  14. Looi LM, Cheah PL, Lin HP
    Pathology, 1992 Jan;24(1):34-6.
    PMID: 1374551
    Clear cell sarcoma of kidney (CCSK) is a rare but distinct tumor of childhood frequently confused with Wilms' tumor (nephroblastoma). It has a characteristic histology, a marked predilection for metastasis to bone, and an aggressive clinical course with a high relapse rate in spite of surgical excision, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. We report the first histologically proven CCSK in a Malaysian patient. This was an 8-mth-old Malay boy who was clinically diagnosed to have stage I Wilms' tumor. Despite treatment, he developed multiple metastases 10 mths after initial presentation and died soon after. Emphasis is placed on recognizing this entity in view of (1) its naturally aggressive behaviour and (2) the prospect of improving prognosis with currently recommended intensified chemotherapeutic regimes. Its immunohistochemical profile of vimentin-positivity and negativity for epithelial membrane antigen, cytokeratin and Factor-8 related antigen is more in favour of a mesenchymal or glomerular origin than a tubular or vascular origin.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mucin-1
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