Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 257 in total

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  1. Tan GH, Bhoo-Pathy N, Taib NA, See MH, Jamaris S, Yip CH
    Cancer Epidemiol, 2015 Feb;39(1):115-7.
    PMID: 25475062 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2014.11.005
    Changes in the American Joint Commission on Cancer staging for breast cancer occurred when the 5th Edition was updated to the 6th Edition.
    Matched MeSH terms: Neoplasm Staging*
  2. Benitez Fuentes JD, Morgan E, de Luna Aguilar A, Mafra A, Shah R, Giusti F, et al.
    JAMA Oncol, 2024 Jan 01;10(1):71-78.
    PMID: 37943547 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2023.4837
    IMPORTANCE: Stage at diagnosis is a key prognostic factor for cancer survival.

    OBJECTIVE: To assess the global distribution of breast cancer stage by country, age group, calendar period, and socioeconomic status using population-based data.

    DATA SOURCES: A systematic search of MEDLINE and Web of Science databases and registry websites and gray literature was conducted for articles or reports published between January 1, 2000, and June 20, 2022.

    STUDY SELECTION: Reports on stage at diagnosis for individuals with primary breast cancer (C50) from a population-based cancer registry were included.

    DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Study characteristics and results of eligible studies were independently extracted by 2 pairs of reviewers (J.D.B.F., A.D.A., A.M., R.S., and F.G.). Stage-specific proportions were extracted and cancer registry data quality and risk of bias were assessed. National pooled estimates were calculated for subnational or annual data sets using a hierarchical rule of the most relevant and high-quality data to avoid duplicates.

    MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The proportion of women with breast cancer by (TNM Classification of Malignant Tumors or the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program [SEER]) stage group.

    RESULTS: Data were available for 2.4 million women with breast cancer from 81 countries. Globally, the proportion of cases with distant metastatic breast cancer at diagnosis was high in sub-Saharan Africa, ranging from 5.6% to 30.6% and low in North America ranging from 0.0% to 6.0%. The proportion of patients diagnosed with distant metastatic disease decreased over the past 2 decades from around 3.8% to 35.8% (early 2000s) to 3.2% to 11.6% (2015 onwards), yet stabilization or slight increases were also observed. Older age and lower socioeconomic status had the largest proportion of cases diagnosed with distant metastatic stage ranging from 2.0% to 15.7% among the younger to 4.1% to 33.9% among the oldest age group, and from 1.7% to 8.3% in the least disadvantaged groups to 2.8% to 11.4% in the most disadvantaged groups.

    CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Effective policy and interventions have resulted in decreased proportions of women diagnosed with metastatic breast cancer at diagnosis in high-income countries, yet inequality persists, which needs to be addressed through increased awareness of breast cancer symptoms and early detection. Improving global coverage and quality of population-based cancer registries, including the collection of standardized stage data, is key to monitoring progress.

    Matched MeSH terms: Neoplasm Staging
  3. Koh T, Fadli M, Vijaya Kumar S, Rao AS
    Malays Orthop J, 2012 Nov;6(3):69-71.
    PMID: 25279065 MyJurnal DOI: 10.5704/MOJ.1207.020
    Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD) was first reported by J. Erdheim and W. Chester, in 1930. There are less than 250 reported cases till date. We report a case of ECD in a 16- year-old Malay male, who initially presented with elusive anemic symptoms with more specific symptoms of bony pain, cardiorespiratory and hepatic involvement evolving as the disease progressed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Neoplasm Staging
  4. Rosenblatt E, Barton M, Mackillop W, Fidarova E, Cordero L, Yarney J, et al.
    Radiother Oncol, 2015 Jul;116(1):35-7.
    PMID: 26164776 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2015.06.012
    Optimal radiotherapy utilisation rate (RTU) is the proportion of all cancer cases that should receive radiotherapy. Optimal RTU was estimated for 9 Middle Income Countries as part of a larger IAEA project to better understand RTU and stage distribution.
    Matched MeSH terms: Neoplasm Staging
  5. Tan WL, Chua KLM, Lin CC, Lee VHF, Tho LM, Chan AW, et al.
    J Thorac Oncol, 2020 03;15(3):324-343.
    PMID: 31733357 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2019.10.022
    Stage III NSCLC represents a heterogeneous disease for which optimal treatment continues to pose a clinical challenge. Recent changes in the American Joint Commission on Cancer staging to the eighth edition has led to a shift in TNM stage grouping and redefined the subcategories (IIIA-C) in stage III NSCLC for better prognostication. Although concurrent chemoradiotherapy has remained standard-of-care for stage III NSCLC for almost 2 decades, contemporary considerations include the impact of different molecular subsets of NSCLC, and the roles of tyrosine kinase inhibitors post-definitive therapy and of immune checkpoint inhibitors following chemoradiotherapy. With rapid evolution of diagnostic algorithms and expanding treatment options, the need for interdisciplinary input involving multiple specialists (medical oncologists, radiation oncologists, pulmonologists, radiologists, pathologists and thoracic surgeons) has become increasingly important. The unique demographics of Asian NSCLC pose further challenges when applying clinical trial data into clinical practice. This includes differences in smoking rates, prevalence of oncogenic driver mutations, and access to health care resources including molecular testing, prompting the need for critical review of existing data and identification of current gaps. In this expert consensus statement by the Asian Thoracic Oncology Research Group, an interdisciplinary group of experts representing Hong Kong, Korea, Japan, Taiwan, Singapore, Thailand, Malaysia, and Mainland China was convened. Standard clinical practices for stage III NSCLC across different Asian countries were discussed from initial diagnosis and staging through to multi-modality approaches including surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, targeted therapies, and immunotherapy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Neoplasm Staging
  6. Krishnan R
    Med J Malaysia, 2005 Jul;60 Suppl B:139.
    PMID: 16108196
    Matched MeSH terms: Neoplasm Staging
  7. Lim, Christopher, Mra, Aung, Chin, Suliong, Venkata Rao, Challa, Aung, Tun, Sieman, Jony, et al.
    MyJurnal
    This article will cover some of the most recent advances in the diagnosis of the world’s most common cancer in women, namely, breast cancer as we enter the era of precision medicine. The authors will discuss the differences between East and West pertaining to the incidence and mortality rates, the types of breast cancer and the revised staging criteria of breast cancer according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) Staging Manual, 8th edition. In addition, the advances of newer imaging modalities are presented and compared with traditional ultrasonography and mammography
    Matched MeSH terms: Neoplasm Staging
  8. Liam CK, Lee P, Yu CJ, Bai C, Yasufuku K
    Int J Tuberc Lung Dis, 2021 01 01;25(1):6-15.
    PMID: 33384039 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.20.0588
    Advances in bronchoscopic and other interventional pulmonology technologies have expanded the sampling procedures pulmonologist can use to diagnose lung cancer and accurately stage the mediastinum. Among the modalities available to the interventional pulmonologist are endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needles aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) and transoesophageal bronchoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-B-FNA) for sampling peribronchial/perioesophageal central lesions and for mediastinal lymph node staging, as well as navigational bronchoscopy and radial probe endobronchial ultrasound (RP-EBUS) for the diagnosis of peripheral lung cancer. The role of the interventional pulmonologist in this setting is to apply these procedures based on the correct interpretation of clinical and radiological findings in order to maximise the chances of achieving the diagnosis and obtaining sufficient tissue for molecular biomarker testing to guide targeted therapies for advanced non-small cell lung cancer. The safest and the highest diagnosis-yielding modality should be chosen to avoid a repeat sampling procedure if the first one is non-diagnostic. The choice of site and biopsy modality are influenced by tumour location, patient comorbidities, availability of equipment and local expertise. This review provides a concise state-of-the art account of the interventional pulmonology procedures in the diagnosis and staging of lung cancer.
    Matched MeSH terms: Neoplasm Staging
  9. Chin SY, Kadir K, Ibrahim N, Rahmat K
    Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 2021 Jun;50(6):718-724.
    PMID: 33162298 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2020.09.025
    The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation and accuracy of depth of invasion (DOI) measurement from preoperative contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) scans in comparison to histopathological examination (HPE) in oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC). Preoperative CT scans of 18 OTSCC patients were reviewed retrospectively by a single observer to measure the DOI on axial and coronal sections; these were then compared to the HPE report. Mean DOI was compared between CECT and HPE using repeated measures ANOVA. The strength of correlation of CT-derived tumour depth was determined using the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) followed by assessment of accuracy by Bland-Altman plot. In general, the measurement of DOI was smaller on CECT, with a mean difference of 0.743mm on axial CT and 1.106mm on coronal CT. Regarding the correlation between CECT and HPE tumour depths, ICC was 0.956 for axial CT and 0.965 for coronal CT. Bland-Altman analysis showed that DOI from CECT and histopathological depth were in agreement with each other. In conclusion, there was excellent correlation and accurate measurement of DOI from CECT.
    Matched MeSH terms: Neoplasm Staging
  10. Hanis TM, Yaacob NM, Mohd Hairon S, Abdullah S
    BMJ Open, 2021 05 18;11(5):e043642.
    PMID: 34006546 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-043642
    OBJECTIVE: Estimation of the net survival of breast cancer helps in assessing breast cancer burden at a population level. Thus, this study aims to estimate the net survival of breast cancer at different cancer staging and age at diagnosis in the east coast region of West Malaysia.

    SETTING: Kelantan, Malaysia.

    PARTICIPANTS: All breast cancer cases diagnosed in 2007 and 2011 identified from Kelantan Cancer Registry.

    DESIGN: This retrospective cohort study used a relative survival approach to estimate the net survival of patients with breast cancer. Thus, two data were needed; breast cancer data from Kelantan Cancer Registry and general population mortality data for Kelantan population.

    PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Net survival according to stage and age group at diagnosis at 1, 3 and 5 years following diagnosis.

    RESULTS: The highest net survival was observed among stage I and II breast cancer cases, while the lowest net survival was observed among stage IV breast cancer cases. In term of age at diagnosis, breast cancer cases aged 65 and older had the best net survival compared with the other age groups.

    CONCLUSION: The age at diagnosis had a minimal impact on the net survival compared with the stage at diagnosis. The finding of this study is applicable to other populations with similar breast cancer profile.

    Matched MeSH terms: Neoplasm Staging
  11. Nik Ab Kadir MN, Mohd Hairon S, Yaacob NM, Ab Manan A, Ali N
    PMID: 34069096 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18105237
    BACKGROUND: Bladder cancer ranked ninth of principal male cancer in Malaysia. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics and survival of bladder cancer patients in Malaysia.

    METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted by obtaining records in the Malaysian National Cancer Registry. Patients aged 15 years old and above with diagnosis date between 2007 and 2011 were included. Death was updated until 31 December 2016. Five-year observed survival and median survival time were determined by the life table method and Kaplan-Meier estimate method.

    RESULTS: Among 1828 cases, the mean (SD) age of diagnosis was 64.9 (12.5) years. The patients were predominantly men (78.7%), Malay ethnicity (49.4%) and transitional cell carcinoma (78.2%). Only 14.8% of patients were at stage I. The overall five-year observed survival and median survival time was 36.9% (95% CI: 34.6, 39.1) and 27.3 months (95% CI: 23.6, 31.0). The highest five-year observed survival recorded at stage I (67.6%, 95% CI: 62.0, 73.3) and markedly worsen at stage II (34.3%, 95% CI: 27.9, 40.8), III (25.7%, 95% CI: 18.7, 32.6) and IV (12.2%, 95% CI: 8.1, 16.3).

    CONCLUSIONS: Survival of bladder cancer patients in Malaysia was lower with advancing stage. The cancer control programme should be enhanced to improve survival.

    Matched MeSH terms: Neoplasm Staging
  12. Saw, A.
    Malays Orthop J, 2007;1(2):1-2.
    MyJurnal
    Musculoskeletal tumour is much less common compared to tumours of epithelial origin. Most of these tumours are benign, with only about 1% malignant in nature. A general orthopaedic surgeon may only come across a malignant primary bone or soft tissue tumour a few times in his entire medical career. The current recommendation is for these conditions to be investigated and treated in centres with musculoskeletal oncology service. Careful clinical evaluation with appropriate plain radiography can provide adequate information for definitive diagnosis and treatment for most cases, especially the benign tumours. For some other cases, further investigations will be necessary. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can provide excellent details on anatomical location of a tumour and delineate vital structures that may have been distorted by the lesion. For primary malignant tumours, computerized tomography scanning is still the gold standard for evaluation of pulmonary metastasis, and bone scan can allow early detection of distant metastasis to other bones. Whole body MRI has recently been recommended for tumour staging but the potential benefit for musculoskeletal tumour is not that convincing. PET may be very helpful for follow up detection of tumour recurrence but its role in diagnosis and staging of musculoskeletal tumours is still being evaluated...
    Matched MeSH terms: Neoplasm Staging
  13. Bicchierai G, Tonelli P, Piacenti A, De Benedetto D, Boeri C, Vanzi E, et al.
    Breast J, 2020 Jul;26(7):1276-1283.
    PMID: 31999029 DOI: 10.1111/tbj.13766
    One of the most important indications for contrast-enhanced breast imaging is the presurgical breast cancer (BC) staging. This is a large-scale single-center experience which evaluates the role of CEDM in presurgical staging and its impact on surgical planning. The aims of this retrospective study were to define the diagnostic performance of CEDM in the presurgical setting and to identify which types of patients could benefit from having CEDM. We selected 326 patients with BC who underwent CEDM as preoperative staging and had breast cancer-related surgery at our institution. We analyzed those cases in which CEDM led to additional imaging or biopsy and those in which it changed the type of surgery that was planned according to conventional breast imaging (CI) techniques (digital mammography, tomosynthesis and bilateral handheld ultrasound). CEDM sensitivity in identifying the index lesion and sensitivity, specificity, positive (PPV) and negative (NPV) predictive values, and accuracy in the correct preoperative staging of BC of the whole population and in various subgroups were calculated. CEDM sensitivity for the index lesion was 98.8% (322/326), which led to additional breast imaging in 23.6% (77/326) of patients and additional biopsies in 17.5% (57/326). CEDM changed the type of surgery in 18.4% (60/326). In the preoperative breast cancer staging, CEDM sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and accuracy produced results of 93%, 98%, 90%, 98%, and 97%, respectively. CEDM performance was better in patients with palpable lesions. CEDM has an excellent diagnostic performance in the presurgical staging of BC. Symptomatic patients with palpable lesions benefitted most from preoperative CEDM, with a statistically significant difference compared with nonpalpable.
    Matched MeSH terms: Neoplasm Staging
  14. Subha ST, Nordin AJ
    Sao Paulo Med J, 2022 5 5;140(3):454-462.
    PMID: 35507996 DOI: 10.1590/1516-3180.2021.0599.R1.15092021
    BACKGROUND: Clinical assessment of head and neck cancers is highly challenging owing to the complexity of regional anatomy and wide range of lesions. The diagnostic evaluation includes detailed physical examination, biopsy and imaging modalities for disease extent and staging. Appropriate imaging is done to enable determination of precise tumor extent and involvement of lymph nodes, and detection of distant metastases and second primary tumors.

    OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the initial staging discrepancy between conventional contrasted computed tomography (CT) and 18F-fluorodeoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) and its impact on management plans for head and neck malignancies.

    DESIGN AND SETTING: Prospective cross-sectional study in two tertiary-level hospitals.

    METHODS: This study included 30 patients with primary head and neck malignant tumors who underwent contrasted computed tomography and whole-body 18F-FDG PET/CT assessments. The staging and treatment plans were compared with the incremental information obtained after 18F-FDG PET/CT.

    RESULTS: 18F-FDG PET/CT was found to raise the stage in 33.3% of the cases and the treatment intent was altered in 43.3% of them, while there was no management change in the remaining 56.7%. 18F-FDG PET/CT had higher sensitivity (96% versus 89.2%) and accuracy (93% versus 86.7%) than conventional contrast-enhanced computed tomography.

    CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrated that 18F-FDG PET/CT had higher sensitivity and accuracy for detecting head and neck malignancy, in comparison with conventional contrast-enhanced computed tomography. 18F-FDG PET/CT improved the initial staging and substantially impacted the management strategy for head and neck malignancies.

    Matched MeSH terms: Neoplasm Staging
  15. Xu Y, Li H, Wang B, Gu L, Gao Y, Fan Y, et al.
    Urol J, 2021 Oct 04;18(6):618-622.
    PMID: 34606083 DOI: 10.22037/uj.v18i.6629
    PURPOSE: To compare the treatment outcomes of robotic retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (R-RPLND) versus laparoscopic RPLND (L-RPLND) for clinical stage I non-seminomatous germ cell testicular tumors (NSGCTs).

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the data of patients with stage I NSGCTs who underwent robotic or laparoscopic RPLND between 2008 and 2017. Perioperative data and oncologic outcomes were reviewed and compared between the two groups. Progression-free survival was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier survival curves and compared between two groups.

    RESULTS: A total of 31 and 28 patients underwent R-RPLND and L-RPLND respectively. The preoperative characteristics of the patients were comparable in the two groups. Patients in R-RPLND group had significantly shorter median operative time (140 vs. 175 minutes, P < .001), a shorter median duration to surgical drain removal (2 vs. 4 days, P = .002) and a shorter median postoperative hospital stay (5 vs. 6 days, P = .001). There were no statistical differences in intra- and post-operative complication rate between the groups and the oncologic outcomes were similar in the two groups.

    CONCLUSION: In expert hands, R-RPLND and L-RPLND were comparable in oncological parameter and morbidity rate; R-RPLND showed superiority in operation duration, median days to surgical drain removal and postoperative hospital stay for stage I NSGCTs. Multicenter and randomized studies with good power of study and sufficient follow-up duration are required to validate our result.

    Matched MeSH terms: Neoplasm Staging
  16. Cheah WH
    Asia Pac J Clin Oncol, 2023 Apr;19(2):e80-e88.
    PMID: 35437926 DOI: 10.1111/ajco.13782
    Rectal cancer is common and accounts for more than one-third of colorectal tumors. It is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Previously computed tomography scan is the key imaging modality in preoperative assessment to detect local invasion and distant metastasis. However, the advent of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has aided in local staging and prognosticates the outcome of rectal tumor. Here, the author briefly explains why rectal MRI has a comprehensive role and provides a simple and easy way in reporting an MRI rectal carcinoma, even for a non-radiologist.
    Matched MeSH terms: Neoplasm Staging
  17. Azmawati MN, Najibah E, Hatta MD, Norfazilah A
    Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2014;15(13):5283-6.
    PMID: 25040989
    Stage of cervical cancer may adversely affect the quality of life (QOL) among patients. The objective of this study was to predict the QOL among cervical cancer patients by the stage of their cancer. A cross-sectional study from September 2012 until January 2013 was conducted among cervical cancer patients who completed treatment. All patients completed a interviewer-guided questionnaire comprising four sections: (A) socio- demographic data, (B) medical history, (C) QOL measured by general health status questionnaire (QLQ-30) and (D) cervical cancer specific module CX-24 (EORTC) was used to measured patient's functional, symptom scale and their global health status. Results showed that global health status, emotional functioning and pain score were higher in stage III cervical cancer patients while role functioning was higher in stage I cervical cancer patients. Patients with stage IV cancer have a lower mean score in global health status (adjusted b-22.0, 95 CI% -35.6, -8.49) and emotional functioning (adjusted b -22.5, 95 CI% -38.1, -6.69) while stage III had lower mean score in role functioning (adjusted b -14.3, 95 CI% -25.4, -3.21) but higher mean score in pain (adjusted b 22.1, 95 CI% 8.56, 35.7). In conclusion, stage III and IV cervical cancers mainly affect the QOL of cervical cancer patients. Focus should be given to these subgroups to help in improving the QOL.
    Matched MeSH terms: Neoplasm Staging/psychology*
  18. Yip Ch, Bhoo-Pathy N, Daniel J, Foo Y, Mohamed A, Abdullah M, et al.
    Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2016;17(3):1077-82.
    PMID: 27039727
    BACKGROUND: The three standard biomarkers used in breast cancer are the estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). The Ki-67 index, a proliferative marker, has been shown to be associated with a poorer outcome, and despite absence of standardization of pathological assessment, is widely used for therapy decision making. We aim to study the role of the Ki-67 index in a group of Asian women with breast cancer.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 450 women newly diagnosed with Stage 1 to 3 invasive breast cancer in a single centre from July 2013 to Dec 2014 were included in this study. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression was used to determine the association between Ki-67 (positive defined as 14% and above) and age, ethnicity, grade, mitotic index, ER, PR, HER2, lymph node status and size. All analyses were performed using SPSS Version 22.

    RESULTS: In univariable analysis, Ki -67 index was associated with younger age, higher grade, ER and PR negativity, HER2 positivity, high mitotic index and positive lymph nodes. However on multivariable analysis only tumour size, grade, PR and HER2 remained significant. Out of 102 stage 1 patients who had ER positive/PR positive/HER2 negative tumours and non-grade 3, only 5 (4.9%) had a positive Ki-67 index and may have been offered chemotherapy. However, it is interesting to note that none of these patients received chemotherapy.

    CONCLUSIONS: Information on Ki67 would have potentially changed management in an insignificant proportion of patients with stage 1 breast cancer.

    Matched MeSH terms: Neoplasm Staging/methods
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