Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 134 in total

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  1. Fu C, Wai JW, Nik Mustapha NR, Irles M, Wong GL, Mahadeva S, et al.
    Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2020 11;18(12):2843-2845.e2.
    PMID: 31574313 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2019.09.027
    Because only a minority of patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) have advanced fibrosis and would eventually develop liver-related complications, current guidelines recommend initial assessment with noninvasive tests of fibrosis.1-3 Most previous studies focused on overweight and obese patients. Despite a strong association between obesity and NAFLD, 3%-30% of people with relatively normal body mass index (BMI) may still have NAFLD.4,5 Hence, this study aims to evaluate the performance of the common noninvasive tests in non-obese (BMI <25 kg/m2) and obese (BMI ≥25 kg/m2) NAFLD patients.
    Matched MeSH terms: Obesity/complications
  2. Daud A, Jamal AF, Shahadan SZ
    Enferm Clin, 2021 04;31 Suppl 2:S139-S142.
    PMID: 33849148 DOI: 10.1016/j.enfcli.2020.12.009
    The objective of this study was to determine the time spent on sitting per day, level of serum High sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and the association between sitting time and level of serum hs-CRP among obese women. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted. Sixty eight (68) obese women were recruited. They were signed informed consent form prior to the questionnaire answered. Then, sample blood test was taken to check for hs-CRP level. Sitting time spent in hours was found to be not significantly associated with hs-CRP level (p=0.391) among obese women. Longer sitting time spent per day more than 4h is the factor of obesity and hs-CRP level will be higher in obese women compared to normal people. This study can be baseline data for healthcare professionals and may contribute to develop awareness platform on maintaining normal body mass index among women.
    Matched MeSH terms: Obesity/complications
  3. Hanipah ZN, Rubino F, Schauer PR
    Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am, 2023 Mar;52(1):65-88.
    PMID: 36754498 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecl.2022.09.002
    Long-term remission of type 2 diabetes following lifestyle intervention or pharmacotherapy, even in patients with mild disease, is rare. Long-term remission following metabolic surgery however, is common and occurs in 23% to 98% depending on disease severity and type of surgery. Remission after surgery is associated with excellent glycemic control without reliance on pharmacotherapy, improvements in quality of life, and major reductions in microvascular and macrovascular complications. For patients with type 2 diabetes, early intervention with metabolic surgery, when beta cell function still remains intact, provides the greatest probability of long-term remission as high as 90% or more.
    Matched MeSH terms: Obesity/complications
  4. Nagaratnam S, Rajoo S, Bidin MBL, Rahim NSC, Tharmathurai S, Arip M, et al.
    J ASEAN Fed Endocr Soc, 2023;38(2):20-27.
    PMID: 38045672 DOI: 10.15605/jafes.038.02.13
    OBJECTIVE: The primary objective was to assess beta-cell function of recently-diagnosed young-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) individuals using basal and stimulated C-peptide levels. The secondary objective was to examine the association between C-peptide with metabolic factors and diabetes complications.

    METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional study was conducted for young-onset T2DM individuals aged 18-35 years with a disease duration of not more than 5 years. Plasma C-peptide was measured before and after intravenous glucagon injection. Demographic data, medical history and complications were obtained from medical records and clinical assessment. Continuous data were expressed as median and interquartile range (IQR). Categorical variables were described as frequency or percentage. Multivariable linear regression analysis was used to determine factors associated with C-peptide levels.

    RESULTS: 113 participants with young-onset T2DM with a median (IQR) age of 29.0 (9.5) years and 24 (36) months were included in this study. The median (IQR) basal and stimulated C-peptide was 619 (655) pmol/L and 1231 (1024) pmol/L. Adequate beta-cell function was present in 78-86% of the participants based on the basal and stimulated C-peptide levels. We found hypertension, obesity and diabetic kidney disease (DKD) to be independently associated with higher C-peptide levels. In contrast, females, smokers, those on insulin therapy and with longer duration of disease had lower C-peptide levels.

    CONCLUSION: Most recently diagnosed young-onset T2DM have adequate beta-cell function. Elevated C-peptide levels associated with obesity, hypertension and diabetic kidney disease suggest insulin resistance as the key driving factor for complications.

    Matched MeSH terms: Obesity/complications
  5. Pang WS, Loo GH, Tan GJ, Mardan M, Rajan R, Kosai NR
    Sci Rep, 2024 Jan 05;14(1):614.
    PMID: 38182725 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51384-1
    Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an alarming problem globally and a growing epidemic. Metabolic surgery has been shown to be successful in treating both obesity and T2DM, usually after other treatments have failed. This study aims to compare Roux-Y gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy in determining early diabetic outcomes in obese Malaysian patients with T2DM following surgery. A total of 172 obese patients with T2DM who were assigned to either laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) or laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) were analysed up to a year post-procedure. The patients' T2DM severity were stratified using the Individualized Metabolic Surgery (IMS) score into mild, moderate and severe. Remission rates of diabetes were compared between surgical techniques and within diabetic severity categories. T2DM remission for patients who underwent either surgical technique for mild, moderate or severe disease was 92.9%, 56.2% and 14.7% respectively. Both surgical techniques improved T2DM control for patients in the study. Comparing baseline with results 1 year postoperatively, median HbA1c reduced from 7.40% (IQR 2.60) to 5.80% (IQR 0.80) (p 
    Matched MeSH terms: Obesity/complications
  6. Mafauzy M
    Med J Malaysia, 2006 Oct;61(4):397-8.
    PMID: 17243514 MyJurnal
    Matched MeSH terms: Obesity/complications
  7. Leisegang K, Sengupta P, Agarwal A, Henkel R
    Andrologia, 2021 Feb;53(1):e13617.
    PMID: 32399992 DOI: 10.1111/and.13617
    Obesity is considered a global health problem affecting more than a third of the population. Complications of obesity include cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes mellitus, malignancy (including prostatic cancer), neurodegeneration and accelerated ageing. In males, these further include erectile dysfunction, poor semen quality and subclinical prostatitis. Although poorly understood, important mediators of obesity that may influence the male reproductive system include hyperinsulinemia, hyperleptinemia, chronic inflammation and oxidative stress. Obesity is known to disrupt male fertility and the reproduction potential, particularly through alteration in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, disruption of testicular steroidogenesis and metabolic dysregulation, including insulin, cytokines and adipokines. Importantly, obesity and its underlying mediators result in a negative impact on semen parameters, including sperm concentration, motility, viability and normal morphology. Moreover, obesity inhibits chromatin condensation, DNA fragmentation, increases apoptosis and epigenetic changes that can be transferred to the offspring. This review discusses the impact of obesity on the male reproductive system and fertility, including associated mechanisms. Furthermore, weight management strategies, lifestyle changes, prescription medication, and complementary and alternative medicine in the management of obesity-induced subfertility is discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Obesity/complications
  8. Alhabeeb H, Baradwan S, Kord-Varkaneh H, Tan SC, Low TY, Alomar O, et al.
    Eat Weight Disord, 2021 Oct;26(7):2117-2125.
    PMID: 33423153 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-020-01101-4
    BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Very few studies have investigated the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and risk of urinary tract infection (UTI), and conclusions from these available studies have been inconsistent. To resolve this inconsistency, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to precisely examine the association between BMI and UTI.

    METHODS: This meta-analysis was performed based on the PRISMA recommendations. PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, and Google Scholar databases were searched for all published observational studies that reported the risk of UTI based on BMI categories up to March 2020.

    RESULTS: Fourteen (n = 14) articles comprising 19 studies in different populations met our inclusion criteria. The overall analysis showed a significant increased risk of UTI in subjects affected by obesity vs. individuals without obesity (RR = 1.45; 95% CI: 1.28 - 1.63; I2 = 94%), and a non-significant increased risk of UTI in subjects who were overweight (RR = 1.03; 95% CI: 0.98 - 1.10; I2 = 49.6%) and underweight (RR = 0.99; 95% CI: 0.81 - 21; I2 = 0.0%) when compared to subjects who had normal weight. In the stratified analysis, we showed that obesity increased the risk of UTI in females (RR = 1.63; 95% CI: 1.38 - 1.93) and in subjects below 60 years old (RR = 1.53; 95% CI: 1.33 - 1.75).

    CONCLUSION: This systematic review and meta-analysis recognized a significant relationship between BMI and incidence of UTI in obese vs. non-obese subjects, as well as in females and in individuals below 60 years old.

    Matched MeSH terms: Obesity/complications
  9. Alterki A, Abu-Farha M, Al Shawaf E, Al-Mulla F, Abubaker J
    Int J Mol Sci, 2023 Apr 06;24(7).
    PMID: 37047780 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076807
    Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a prevalent underdiagnosed disorder whose incidence increases with age and weight. Uniquely characterised by frequent breathing interruptions during sleep-known as intermittent hypoxia (IH)-OSA disrupts the circadian rhythm. Patients with OSA have repeated episodes of hypoxia and reoxygenation, leading to systemic consequences. OSA consequences range from apparent symptoms like excessive daytime sleepiness, neurocognitive deterioration and decreased quality of life to pathological complications characterised by elevated biomarkers linked to endocrine-metabolic and cardiovascular changes. OSA is a well-recognized risk factor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Furthermore, OSA is linked to other conditions that worsen cardiovascular outcomes, such as obesity. The relationship between OSA and obesity is complex and reciprocal, involving interaction between biological and lifestyle factors. The pathogenesis of both OSA and obesity involve oxidative stress, inflammation and metabolic dysregulation. The current medical practice uses continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) as the gold standard tool to manage OSA. It has been shown to improve symptoms and cardiac function, reduce cardiovascular risk and normalise biomarkers. Nonetheless, a full understanding of the factors involved in the deleterious effects of OSA and the best methods to eliminate their occurrence are still poorly understood. In this review, we present the factors and evidence linking OSA to increased risk of cardiovascular conditions.
    Matched MeSH terms: Obesity/complications
  10. Chan WK
    Clin Mol Hepatol, 2023 Feb;29(Suppl):S58-S67.
    PMID: 36472052 DOI: 10.3350/cmh.2022.0350
    Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) encompasses a spectrum of liver conditions that are characterized by excess accumulation of fat in the liver, and is diagnosed after exclusion of significant alcohol intake and other causes of chronic liver disease. In the majority of cases, NAFLD is associated with overnutrition and obesity, although it may be also found in lean or non-obese individuals. It has been estimated that 19.2% of NAFLD patients are lean and 40.8% are non-obese. The proportion of patients with more severe liver disease and the incidence of all-cause mortality, liver-related mortality, and cardiovascular mortality among non-obese and obese NAFLD patients varies across studies and may be confounded by selection bias, underestimation of alcohol intake, and unaccounted weight changes over time. Genetic factors may have a greater effect towards the development of NAFLD in lean or non-obese individuals, but the effect may be less pronounced in the presence of strong environmental factors, such as poor dietary choices and a sedentary lifestyle, as body mass index increases in the obese state. Overall, non-invasive tests, such as the Fibrosis-4 index, NAFLD fibrosis score, and liver stiffness measurement, perform better in lean or non-obese patients compared to obese patients. Lifestyle intervention works in non-obese patients, and less amount of weight loss may be required to achieve similar results compared to obese patients. Pharmacological therapy in non-obese NAFLD patients may require special consideration and a different approach compared to obese patients.
    Matched MeSH terms: Obesity/complications
  11. Brook ES, D'Alonzo ZJ, Lam V, Chan DC, Dhaliwal SS, Watts GF, et al.
    J Alzheimers Dis, 2023;93(2):653-664.
    PMID: 37066906 DOI: 10.3233/JAD-220529
    BACKGROUND: Obesity is linked to a higher incidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Studies show that plasma amyloid-β (Aβ) dyshomeostasis, particularly low 42/40 ratio indicates a heightened risk for developing AD. However, the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and circulating plasma Aβ has not been extensively studied.

    OBJECTIVE: We hypothesized that people with a high BMI have altered plasma Aβ homeostasis compared with people with a lower BMI. We also tested whether reducing BMI by calorie-restriction could normalize plasma concentrations of Aβ.

    METHODS: Plasma concentrations of Aβ40, Aβ42, and Aβ42/40 ratio were measured in 106 participants with BMIs classified as lean, overweight, or obese. From this cohort, twelve participants with overweight or obese BMIs entered a 12-week calorie-restriction weight loss program. We then tested whether decreasing BMI affected plasma Aβ concentrations.

    RESULTS: Plasma Aβ42/40 ratio was 17.54% lower in participants with an obese BMI compared to lean participants (p 

    Matched MeSH terms: Obesity/complications
  12. Chan WL, Chong SE, Chang F, Lai LL, Chuah KH, Nik Mustapha NR, et al.
    Hepatol Int, 2023 Aug;17(4):870-881.
    PMID: 37237087 DOI: 10.1007/s12072-023-10550-9
    BACKGROUND: There are limited data on the long-term adverse clinical outcomes of adults with metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD).

    METHODS: This is a single-centre prospective study of a well-characterized cohort of MAFLD patients who underwent liver biopsy and followed every 6-12 months for adverse clinical outcomes.

    RESULTS: The data for 202 patients were analyzed [median age 55.0 (48.0-61.3) years old; male, 47.5%; obese, 88.6%; diabetes mellitus, 71.3%; steatohepatitis, 76.7%; advanced fibrosis, 27.2%]. The median follow-up interval was 7 (4-8) years. The cumulative incidence of liver-related events, cardiovascular events, malignancy and mortality was 0.43, 2.03, 0.60 and 0.60 per 100 person-years of follow-up, respectively. Liver-related events were only seen in patient with advanced fibrosis at 9.1% vs 0% in patient without advanced liver fibrosis (p 

    Matched MeSH terms: Obesity/complications
  13. Roslan MH, Raffali MA, Mohamad SF, Nik Mahmood NRK, Che Hassan HH
    J ASEAN Fed Endocr Soc, 2023;38(2):94-100.
    PMID: 38045657 DOI: 10.15605/jafes.038.02.23
    OBJECTIVE: Obesity is known to be associated with left ventricular diastolic dysfunction due to its effect on blood pressure and glucose tolerance. We aimed to investigate whether weight loss after bariatric surgery might improve diastolic dysfunction through in-depth echocardiographic examination.

    METHODOLOGY: We recruited twenty-eight patients who were about to undergo bariatric surgery by purposive sampling. They underwent echocardiography at baseline and 6 months after surgery with a focus on diastolic function measurements and global longitudinal strain (GLS). They also had fasting serum lipid and glucose measurements pre- and post-surgery.

    RESULTS: The mean weight loss after surgery was 24.1 kg. Out of the 28 subjects, fifteen (54%) initially had diastolic dysfunction before surgery. Only two had persistent diastolic dysfunction 6 months after surgery. The mean indexed left atrial volume 6 months post-surgery was 27.1 from 32 ml/m2 prior to surgery. The average E/e' is 11.78 post-surgery from 13.43 pre-surgery. The left ventricular GLS became (-)25.7% after surgery from (-)21.2% prior to surgery. Their post-surgery fasting serum lipid and glucose levels also showed significant improvement.

    CONCLUSION: Our study reinforced the existing evidence that bariatric surgery significantly improved echocardiographic parameters of diastolic function and left ventricular global longitudinal strain, along with various metabolic profiles.

    Matched MeSH terms: Obesity/complications
  14. Salari N, Hasheminezhad R, Sedighi T, Zarei H, Shohaimi S, Mohammadi M
    BMC Womens Health, 2023 Jul 15;23(1):375.
    PMID: 37454073 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-023-02544-4
    BACKGROUND: Obesity is a pressing public health risk issue worldwide. Women, in particular, face a higher risk of obesity. Recent research has highlighted the association between obesity and female sexual dysfunction. Therefore, the objective of this study is to investigate the global prevalence of sexual dysfunction in obese and overweight women through a systematic review and meta-analysis.

    METHODS: In this study, a systematic search was conducted across electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. The search aimed to identify studies published between December 2000 and August 2022 that reported metabolic syndrome's impact on female sexual dysfunction.

    RESULTS: The review included nine studies with a sample size of 1508 obese women. The I2 heterogeneity index indicated high heterogeneity (I2: 97.5). As a result, the random effects method was used to analyze the data. Based on this meta-analysis, the prevalence of sexual dysfunction in women with obesity was reported as 49.7% (95%CI: 35.8-63.5). Furthermore, the review comprised five studies involving 1411 overweight women. The I2 heterogeneity test demonstrated high heterogeneity (I2: 96.6). Consequently, the random effects model was used to analyze the results. According to the meta-analysis, the prevalence of sexual dysfunction in overweight women was 26.9% (95% CI: 13.5-46.5).

    CONCLUSION: Based on the results of this study, it has been reported that being overweight and particularly obese is an important factor affecting women's sexual dysfunction. Therefore, health policymakers must acknowledge the significance of this issue in order to raise awareness in society about its detrimental effect on the female population.

    Matched MeSH terms: Obesity/complications
  15. Kueh MTW, Chew NWS, Al-Ozairi E, le Roux CW
    Int J Obes (Lond), 2024 Mar;48(3):289-301.
    PMID: 38092958 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-023-01429-8
    Obesity, a chronic low-grade inflammatory disease represented by multifactorial metabolic dysfunctions, is a significant global health threat for adults and children. The once-held belief that type 1 diabetes is a disease of people who are lean no longer holds. The mounting epidemiological data now establishes the connection between type 1 diabetes and the subsequent development of obesity, or vice versa. Beyond the consequences of the influx of an obesogenic environment, type 1 diabetes-specific biopsychosocial burden further exacerbates obesity. In the course of obesity management discussions, recurring challenges surfaced. The interplay between weight gain and escalating insulin dependence creates a vicious cycle from which patients struggle to break free. In the absence of weight management guidelines and regulatory approval for this population, healthcare professionals must navigate the delicate balance between benefits and risks. The gravity of this circumstance highlights the importance of bringing these topics to the forefront. In this Review, we discuss the changing trends and the biopsychosocial aspects of the intersection between type 1 diabetes and obesity. We highlight the evidence supporting the therapeutic means (i.e., exercise therapy, nutritional therapy, adjunct pharmacotherapy, and bariatric surgery) and directions for establishing a more robust and safer evidence-based approach.
    Matched MeSH terms: Obesity/complications
  16. Marimuthu S, Menon BS
    Arch Dis Child, 2009 Jun;94(6):477.
    PMID: 19460927 DOI: 10.1136/adc.2008.155713
    Matched MeSH terms: Obesity/complications*
  17. Gendeh BS, Salina H
    Med J Malaysia, 2007 Dec;62(5):368-9.
    PMID: 18705467
    The purpose of this retrospective study is to determine whether there is a correlation among overweight, gender and the risk of development of spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhoea. The clinical data of eight patients diagnosed with spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea who had been treated at our tertiary referral centre between 1998 and 2007 were assessed. Demographically, seven patients were female and one male with ages ranging from 14 to 53 years with a mean age of 43.6 years. This observation revealed that all patients were overweight with a mean body mass index (BMI) of 32.5 kg/m2. This study suggests that there is a trend of increasing BMI to the risk of developing a spontaneous CSF rhinorrhoea.
    Matched MeSH terms: Obesity/complications
  18. Merican MI
    Med J Malaysia, 1989 Sep;44(3):183-8.
    PMID: 2626132
    Heat stroke is hardly seen in Malaysia. However, it occurs commonly in Saudi Arabia during the Haj season. Many Malaysian pilgrims are affected every year and some die. Having faced this environmental hazard for eight years, the Malaysian Medical Mission, sent each year to look after our pilgrims, modified its treatment strategy in 1988 and successfully decreased the overall morbidity and mortality of affected patients without the use of sophisticated equipment. A brief account of the management of 17 cases seen in 1988 is given. Only one died following treatment. The rest recovered fully without any residual neurological deficit or other complications.
    Matched MeSH terms: Obesity/complications
  19. Malik IA, Durairajanayagam D, Singh HJ
    Asian J Androl, 2018 12 13;21(3):296-299.
    PMID: 30539926 DOI: 10.4103/aja.aja_98_18
    Leptin, an adipocyte-derived hormone, serves numerous physiological functions in the body, particularly during puberty and reproduction. The exact mechanism by which leptin activates the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons to trigger puberty and reproduction remains unclear. Given the widespread distribution of leptin receptors in the body, both central and peripheral mechanisms involving the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis have been hypothesized. Leptin is necessary for normal reproductive function, but when present in excess, it can have detrimental effects on the male reproductive system. Human and animal studies point to leptin as a link between infertility and obesity, a suggestion that is corroborated by findings of low sperm count, increased sperm abnormalities, oxidative stress, and increased leptin levels in obese men. In addition, daily leptin administration to normal-weight rats has been shown to result in similar abnormalities in sperm parameters. The major pathways causing these abnormalities remain unidentified; however, these adverse effects have been attributed to leptin-induced increased oxidative stress because they are prevented by concurrently administering melatonin. Studies on leptin and its impact on sperm function are highly relevant in understanding and managing male infertility, particularly in overweight and obese men.
    Matched MeSH terms: Obesity/complications
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