Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 65 in total

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  1. Combined cross-linked enzyme aggregates of cyclodextrin glucanotransferase and maltogenic amylase from Bacillus lehensis G1 for maltooligosaccharides synthesis
    Yip YS, Manas NHA, Jaafar NR, Rahman RA, Puspaningsih NNT, Illias RM
    Int J Biol Macromol, 2023 Jul 01;242(Pt 1):124675.
    PMID: 37127056 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124675
    Maltooligosaccharides (MOS) are functional oligosaccharides that can be synthesized through enzymatic cascade reaction between cyclodextrin glucanotransferase (CGTase) and maltogenic amylase (Mag1) from Bacillus lehensis G1. To address the problems of low operational stability and non-reusability of free enzymes, both enzymes were co-immobilized as combined cross-linked enzyme aggregates (Combi-CLEAs-CM) with incorporation of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and Tween 80 (Combi-CLEAs-CM-add). Combi-CLEAs-CM and Combi-CLEAs-CM-add showed activity recoveries of 54.12 % and 69.44 %, respectively after optimization. Combi-CLEAs-CM-add showed higher thermal stability at higher temperatures (40 °C) with longer half-life (46.20 min) as compared to those of free enzymes (36.67 min) and Combi-CLEAs-CM (41.51 min). Both combi-CLEAs also exhibited higher pH stability over pH 5 to pH 9, and displayed excellent reusability with >50 % of initial activity retained after four cycles. The reduction in Km value of about 22.80 % and 1.76-fold increase in starch hydrolysis in comparison to Combi-CLEAs-CM attested the improvement of enzyme-substrate interaction by Tween 80 and pores formation by BSA in Combi-CLEAs-CM-add. The improved product specificity of Combi-CLEAs-CM-add also produced the highest yield of MOS (492 mg/g) after 3 h. Therefore, Combi-CLEAs-CM-add with ease of preparation, excellent reusability and high operational stability is believed to be highly efficacious biocatalyst for MOS production.
    Matched MeSH terms: Polysorbates*
  2. Enhancement of anti-phospholipid antibody activity by Tween 20
    Ming CH, Fan YS
    J Immunol Methods, 1988 May 09;109(2):253-5.
    PMID: 3361136
    Addition of the non-ionic detergent Tween 20 to the serum diluent enhances anti-cardiolipin binding reactivity in an ELISA system. Maximal enhancement was obtained using a concentration of 0.05% Tween 20 in the diluent. Non-specific interactions were also considerably reduced.
    Matched MeSH terms: Polysorbates/pharmacology*
  3. Evaluation of Tween 80 incorporated media to increase pathogen isolation from peritoneal fluid of CAPD patients at Hospital Kuala Lumpur
    Ganapathy Pillay S, Mohd Amin SDW, Masri SN, Joseph NM, Amran F, Van Belkum A, et al.
    Malays J Pathol, 2021 Aug;43(2):261-268.
    PMID: 34448790
    INTRODUCTION: Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD)-associated peritonitis remains a major complication in patients on CAPD leading to increased morbidity and mortality. Successful therapy of peritonitis is highly dependent on a positive microbiological culture because narrow spectrum antibiotics are essential to efficiently combat infection. Therefore, this study evaluated the performance of Tween 80 containing media at three different concentrations (0.1%, 1.0% and 2.0%) to increase the pathogen yield from peritoneal fluid in comparison with the standard culture media.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: Peritoneal fluid samples (n=121) obtained from CAPD patients suspected of peritonitis at Hospital Kuala Lumpur were analysed macroscopically and microscopically prior to culture. All samples were cultured on seven different culture media, including sheep blood agar, MacConkey agar, Sabouraud dextrose agar, brain heart infusion agar and Tween 80 incorporated blood agar. All plates were incubated at an optimum temperature up to 48 hours.

    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Among all the culture media investigated, 0.1% to 2.0% Tween 80 incorporated blood agar yielded the highest positive culture (23/121) in comparison with all other standard media, thus lowering the negative culture rate among CAPD patients. Statistical analysis by Chi Square revealed significant differences (p <0.001) between the three concentrations of Tween 80 tested in this study. Among the three different concentrations of Tween 80 optimised in this study, blood agar containing 0.1% Tween 80 generated the best results, achieved by optimum growth of all Gram-positive organisms, Gram-negative organisms and yeast cells simultaneously. Using a small amount of detergent at low cost significantly increased the pathogen yield during CAPD-associated peritonitis.

    Matched MeSH terms: Polysorbates/adverse effects
  4. Optimization of pyrene degradation by white-rot fungus Pleurotus pulmonarius F043 and characterization of its metabolites
    Hadibarata T, Teh ZC
    Bioprocess Biosyst Eng, 2014 Aug;37(8):1679-84.
    PMID: 24554082 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-014-1140-6
    Pleurotus pulmonarius F043, a fungus collected from tropical rain forest, was used to degrade pyrene, a four-rings polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), in a mineral medium broth. A maximum degradation rate of pyrene (90 %) was occurred at pH 3 and the lowest degradation rate was found in the culture at pH 10 (2 %). More than 90 % pyrene degradation was achieved at pH ranged from 3 to 5, whereas the degradation rate significantly declined when the pH was >5. The degradation of pyrene increased from 2 to 96 % when the temperature rose from 4 to 25 °C. When the temperature was increased to 60 °C resulting the lowest degradation rate into 7 %. Among the agitation rates tested, 120 rpm was the best with 95 % degradation, followed by 100 rpm (90 %). The optimum agitation range for pyrene degradation by P. pulmonarius F043 was 100-120 rpm. Among all the concentrations tested, 0.5 % Tween 80 was the best with 98 % degradation, followed by 1 % Tween 80 (90 %). The optimum concentration of Tween 80 for pyrene degradation by P. pulmonarius F043 was 0.5-1 %. The degradation rate decreased, while the concentration of Tween 80 was increased. The metabolic product was found during degradation process through the identification of gentisic acid by TLC, UV-Spectrophotometer, and GC-MS.
    Matched MeSH terms: Polysorbates/pharmacology
  5. Fulltext Effect of surfactant and surfactant blends on pseudoternary phase diagram behavior of newly synthesized palm kernel oil esters
    Mahdi ES, Sakeena MH, Abdulkarim MF, Abdullah GZ, Sattar MA, Noor AM
    Drug Des Devel Ther, 2011;5:311-23.
    PMID: 21792294 DOI: 10.2147/DDDT.S15698
    The purpose of this study was to select appropriate surfactants or blends of surfactants to study the ternary phase diagram behavior of newly introduced palm kernel oil esters.
    Matched MeSH terms: Polysorbates/chemistry*
  6. Influence of a nonionic surfactant on curcumin delivery of nanocellulose reinforced chitosan hydrogel
    Sampath Udeni Gunathilake TM, Ching YC, Chuah CH, Illias HA, Ching KY, Singh R, et al.
    Int J Biol Macromol, 2018 Oct 15;118(Pt A):1055-1064.
    PMID: 30001596 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.06.147
    Nanocellulose reinforced chitosan hydrogel was synthesized using chemical crosslinking method for the delivery of curcumin which is a poorly water-soluble drug. Curcumin extracted from the dried rhizomes of Curcuma longa was incorporated to the hydrogel via in situ loading method. A nonionic surfactant (Tween 20) was incorporated into the hydrogel to improve the solubility of curcumin. After the gas foaming process, hydrogel showed large interconnected pore structures. The release studies in gastric medium showed that the cumulative release of curcumin increased from 0.21% ± 0.02% to 54.85% ± 0.77% with the increasing of Tween 20 concentration from 0% to 30% (w/v) after 7.5 h. However, the entrapment efficiency percentage decreased with the addition of Tween 20. The gas foamed hydrogel showed higher initial burst release within the first 120 min compared to hydrogel formed at atmospheric condition. The solubility of curcumin would increase to 3.014 ± 0.041 mg/mL when the Tween 20 concentration increased to 3.2% (w/v) in simulated gastric medium. UV-visible spectra revealed that the drug retained its chemical activity after in vitro release. From these findings, it is believed that the nonionic surfactant incorporated chitosan/nanocellulose hydrogel can provide a platform to overcome current problems associated with curcumin delivery.
    Matched MeSH terms: Polysorbates/chemistry*
  7. Surfactant TWEEN20 provides stabilisation effect on anthocyanins extracted from red grape pomace
    MohdMaidin N, Oruna-Concha MJ, Jauregi P
    Food Chem, 2019 Jan 15;271:224-231.
    PMID: 30236671 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.07.083
    Red grape pomace, a wine-making by-product is rich in anthocyanins and has many applications in food and pharmaceutical industry. However, anthocyanins are unstable during processing and storage. This study aimed to investigate the stability of anthocyanins obtained by hydroalcoholic extraction (with and without sorbic acid) and colloidal gas aphrons (CGA) separation; a surfactant (TWEEN20) based separation. Anthocyanins in CGA samples showed higher stability (half-life = 55 d) than in the crude extract (half-life = 43 d) and their stability increased with the concentration of TWEEN20 in the CGA fraction (6.07-8.58 mM). The anthocyanins loss in the CGA sample (with the maximum content of surfactant, 8.58 mM) was 34.90%, comparable to that in the crude ethanolic extract with sorbic acid (EE-SA) (31.53%) and lower than in the crude extract (44%). Colour stabilisation was also observed which correlated well with the stability of individual anthocyanins in the EE and CGA samples. Malvidin-3-o-glucoside was the most stable anthocyanin over time.
    Matched MeSH terms: Polysorbates/pharmacology*
  8. Cellular uptake of Nigella sativa oil-PLGA microparticle by PC-12 cell line
    Doolaanea AA, Mansor N', Mohd Nor NH, Mohamed F
    J Microencapsul, 2014;31(6):600-8.
    PMID: 24697178 DOI: 10.3109/02652048.2014.898709
    The aim of this study is to investigate the cell uptake of Nigella sativa oil (NSO)-PLGA microparticle by neuron-like PC-12 cells in comparison to surfactants; hydrophilic (Tween 80 & Triton X100) and hydrophobic (Span 80). Solvent evaporation was used to precisely control the size, zeta potential and morphology of the particle. The results revealed varying efficiencies of the cell uptake by PC-12 cells, which may be partially attributed to the surface hydrophobicity of the microparticles. Interestingly, the uptake efficiency of PC-12 cells was higher with the more hydrophilic microparticle. NSO microparticle showed evidence of being preferably internalised by mitotic cells. Tween 80 microparticle showed the highest cell uptake efficiency with a concentration-dependent pattern suggesting its use as uptake enhancer for non-scavenging cells. In conclusion, PC-12 cells can take up NSO-PLGA microparticle which may have potential in the treatment of neurodegenerative disease.
    Matched MeSH terms: Polysorbates/pharmacokinetics; Polysorbates/pharmacology; Polysorbates/chemistry
  9. Efficient Prediction of In Vitro Piroxicam Release and Diffusion From Topical Films Based on Biopolymers Using Deep Learning Models and Generative Adversarial Networks
    Salma H, Melha YM, Sonia L, Hamza H, Salim N
    J Pharm Sci, 2021 06;110(6):2531-2543.
    PMID: 33548245 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2021.01.032
    The purpose of this study was to simultaneously predict the drug release and skin permeation of Piroxicam (PX) topical films based on Chitosan (CTS), Xanthan gum (XG) and its Carboxymethyl derivatives (CMXs) as matrix systems. These films were prepared by the solvent casting method, using Tween 80 (T80) as a permeation enhancer. All of the prepared films were assessed for their physicochemical parameters, their in vitro drug release and ex vivo skin permeation studies. Moreover, deep learning models and machine learning models were applied to predict the drug release and permeation rates. The results indicated that all of the films exhibited good consistency and physicochemical properties. Furthermore, it was noticed that when T80 was used in the optimal formulation (F8) based on CTS-CMX3, a satisfactory drug release pattern was found where 99.97% of PX was released and an amount of 1.18 mg/cm2 was permeated after 48 h. Moreover, Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) efficiently enhanced the performance of deep learning models and DNN was chosen as the best predictive approach with MSE values equal to 0.00098 and 0.00182 for the drug release and permeation kinetics, respectively. DNN precisely predicted PX dissolution profiles with f2 values equal to 99.99 for all the formulations.
    Matched MeSH terms: Polysorbates
  10. Excipient selection and aerodynamic characterization of nebulized lipid-based nanoemulsion loaded with docetaxel for lung cancer treatment
    Asmawi AA, Salim N, Ngan CL, Ahmad H, Abdulmalek E, Masarudin MJ, et al.
    Drug Deliv Transl Res, 2019 04;9(2):543-554.
    PMID: 29691812 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-018-0526-4
    Docetaxel has demonstrated extraordinary anticancer effects on lung cancer. However, lack of optimal bioavailability due to poor solubility and high toxicity at its therapeutic dose has hampered the clinical use of this anticancer drug. Development of nanoemulsion formulation along with biocompatible excipients aimed for pulmonary delivery is a potential strategy to deliver this poorly aqueous soluble drug with improved bioavailability and biocompatibility. In this work, screening and selection of pharmaceutically acceptable excipients at their minimal optimal concentration have been conducted. The selected nanoemulsion formulations were prepared using high-energy emulsification technique and subjected to physicochemical and aerodynamic characterizations. The formulated nanoemulsion had mean particle size and ζ-potential in the range of 90 to 110 nm and - 30 to - 40 mV respectively, indicating high colloidal stability. The pH, osmolality, and viscosity of the systems met the ideal requirement for pulmonary application. The DNE4 formulation exhibited slow drug release and excellent stability even under the influence of extreme environmental conditions. This was further confirmed by transmission electron microscopy as uniform spherical droplets in nanometer range were observed after storage at 45 ± 1 °C for 3 months indicating high thermal stability. The nebulized DNE4 exhibited desirable aerosolization properties for pulmonary delivery application and found to be more selective on human lung carcinoma cell (A549) than normal cell (MRC-5). Hence, these characteristics make the formulation a great candidate for the potential use as a carrier system for docetaxel in targeting lung cancer via pulmonary delivery.
    Matched MeSH terms: Polysorbates/administration & dosage; Polysorbates/chemistry
  11. Fulltext Ligninolytic fungus Polyporus sp. S133 mediated metabolic degradation of fluorene
    Lazim ZM, Hadibarata T
    Braz J Microbiol, 2016 Jul-Sep;47(3):610-6.
    PMID: 27287336 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjm.2016.04.015
    This study aimed to investigate the impact of nonionic surfactants on the efficacy of fluorine degradation by Polyporus sp. S133 in a liquid culture. Fluorene was observed to be degraded in its entirety by Polyporus sp. S133 subsequent to a 23-day incubation period. The fastest cell growth rate was observed in the initial 7 days in the culture that was supplemented with Tween 80. The degradation process was primarily modulated by the activity of two ligninolytic enzymes, laccase and MnP. The highest laccase activity was stimulated by the addition of Tween 80 (2443U/L) followed by mixed surfactant (1766U/L) and Brij 35 (1655U/L). UV-vis spectroscopy, TLC analysis and mass spectrum analysis of samples subsequent to the degradation process in the culture medium confirmed the biotransformation of fluorene. Two metabolites, 9-fluorenol (λmax 270, tR 8.0min and m/z 254) and protocatechuic acid (λmax 260, tR 11.3min and m/z 370), were identified in the treated medium.
    Matched MeSH terms: Polysorbates
  12. Fulltext Utilization of acid pre-treated coconut dregs as a substrate for production of detergent compatible lipase by Bacillus stratosphericus
    Mohd Zin NB, Mohamad Yusof B, Oslan SN, Wasoh H, Tan JS, Ariff AB, et al.
    AMB Express, 2017 Dec;7(1):131.
    PMID: 28651380 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-017-0433-y
    In recent years, many efforts have been directed to explore the methods to reduce the production costs of industrial lipase by improving the yield and the use of low-cost agricultural wastes. Coconut dregs, which is a lignocellulosic by-product from coconut oil and milk processing plants, is rich in cellulose (36%) and crude fat (9%). A newly isolated Bacillus stratosphericus has been demonstrated to perform cellulose hydrolysis on coconut dregs producing fermentable sugars. The highest extracellular lipase activity of 140 U/mL has been achieved in submerged fermentation with acid pre-treated coconut dregs. The lipase was found to be active over a wide range of temperatures and pHs. The activity of lipase can be generally increased by the presence of detergent ingredients such as Tween-80, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, hydrogen peroxide and phosphate per sulphate. The great compatibility of lipase in commercial detergents has also underlined its potential as an additive ingredient in biodetergent formulations.
    Matched MeSH terms: Polysorbates
  13. Fulltext What are the barriers and solutions to renal transplantation in Malaysia? a qualitative key-informant study
    Peter Gan Kim Soon, Sanjay Rampal, Lim Soo Kun, Tin Tin Su
    Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2019;15(106):8-8.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Kidney transplantation (KT) is the preferred end-stage renal disease (ESRD) treatment because it pro-vides a better survival rate, quality of life as well as a cheaper alternative. However, Malaysia’s KT rates is consis-tently low considering that ESRD rates have been increasing exponentially. With only four hospitals performing KT, there’s a gap to indicate a lack of evaluation in KT system of Malaysia. Qualitative study was undertaken to explore and describe the barriers and solutions improve the rates and service of KT in Malaysia. Methods: Semi-structured interviews adopted as qualitative methodological approach to explore current KT policy and service in Malaysia be-tween March – May 2018 in Kuala Lumpur. Eight key-informants selected using stakeholder analysis and informed consent were obtained. Interviews were digitally audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using thematic analysis. Results: Barriers and solutions of Malaysia’s KT are the results of complex interplay of personal, cultural, and environmental factors that can be categorized and described using the five levels of influence conceptualized by the socio-ecological model (SEM). Guidance for developing culturally appropriate and sensitive interventional strategies was elicited from the key informants’ experiences to improve KT rate and services in Malaysia. Conclusion:Malaysia is experiencing very low rate of KT compared to other countries. The use of SEM provided a framework to foster a better understanding of current practice, barriers and solutions to KT in Malaysia. Implications of these find-ings could prompt policy change for better KT service delivery model. Further stakeholder engagement and evalua-tion is required to align best practices to improve KT rates and service in Malaysia that is comparable to high-income countries.
    Matched MeSH terms: Polysorbates
  14. Fulltext Preparation and evaluation of water-in-soybean oil-in-water emulsions by repeated premix membrane emulsification method using cellulose acetate membrane
    Muhamad II, Quin CH, Selvakumaran S
    J Food Sci Technol, 2016 Apr;53(4):1845-55.
    PMID: 27413211 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-015-2107-6
    The purpose of this study was to investigate the preparation of formulated water- in-soybean oil-in-water emulsions by repeated premix membrane emulsification method using a cellulose acetate membrane. The effect of selective membrane emulsification process parameters (concentration of the emulsifiers, number of passes of the emulsions through the membrane and storage temperature) on the properties and stability of the developed emulsions were also investigated. 1, 3, 6, 8-pyrenetetrasulfonic acid tetrasodium salt (PTSA) was used as a hydrophilic model ingredient for the encapsulation of bioactive substances. W/O emulsions with 7 wt% (weight percentage) PGPR displays homogeneous and very fine dispersions, with the median diameter at 0.640 μm. Meanwhile, emulsions prepared by membrane emulsification (fine W/O/W) showed the highest stability at Tween 80 concentrations of 0.5 wt.% (weight percentage). It concluded that at 7 wt.% (weight percentage) PGPR concentration and 0.5 wt.% (weight percentage) Tween 80 concentrations, the most uniform particles with minimum mean size of oil drops (9.926 μm) were obtained after four passes through the membrane. Thus, cellulose acetate membrane can be used for preparing a stable W/O/W emulsions by repeated premix ME due to low cost and relatively easy to handle.
    Matched MeSH terms: Polysorbates
  15. Palm olein corrosion inhibitor for aluminium in Hcl solution
    Junaidah Jai, Wan Shabuddin Wan Ali
    Scientific Research Journal, 2011;8(2):49-70.
    MyJurnal
    Aluminium (Al) is a low cost, lightweight and corrosion resistant material, which corrodes when exposed to pitting agents. Palm olein exhibits characteristics, which indicate its suitability as a corrosion inhibitor. Tween 20, hexane and diethyl triamine were used as additives to Palm olein to form the inhibitor formulation POT2OHA. The inhibition efficiency (IE) and behaviour of the POT2OHA were determined using potentiodynamic polarization in which Al 6061 samples were immersed in a 1 M HC1 solution at 26, 50 and 70 °C in the presence of different POT2OHA concentrations: 0, 0.03, 0.07, 0.10, 0.13 and 0.17 M The IE increased with increasing POT2OHA concentration, but decreased with increasing temperature. The work presented indicates that POT2OHA is a mixed-type inhibitor capable of inhibiting both corrosive anodic and cathodic reactions. According to the Langmuir isotherm results POT2OHA adsorbs on the A16061 surface through semiphys iosorption and/or semi-chemisorption. The POT2OHA adsorption mechanism on Al 6061 takes through the protonation of micelles by the HC1 solution, whereby protonated micelles in the presence of chloride ions adsorb on both cathodic and anodic surface corrosion sites.
    Matched MeSH terms: Polysorbates
  16. Solid Lipid Nanoparticles of Atovaquone Based on 2(4) Full-Factorial Design
    Mohtar N, A K Khan N, Darwis Y
    Iran J Pharm Res, 2015;14(4):989-1000.
    PMID: 26664366
    Solid lipid nanoparticles of atovaquone (ATQ-SLN) were prepared by high shear homogenization method using tripalmitin, trilaurin, and Compritol 888 ATO as the lipid matrices and Phospholipon 90H, Tween 80, and poloxamer 188 as the surfactants. Optimization of the formulations was conducted using 6 sets of 2(4) full-factorial design based on four independent variables that were the number of homogenizing cycles, concentration of the lipid, concentration of the co-surfactant, and concentration of the main surfactant. The dependent variables were particle size and polydispersity index (PdI). The homogenizing cycles showed a negative influence on the dependent variables which reduced both the particle size and the PdI value. Moreover, a combination of certain percentages of the main surfactant and co-surfactant also showed a negative influence that reduced both the particle size and PdI value. Selected formulations from each design were further characterized for the entrapment efficiency and yield. The optimised formulation of ATQ-SLN consisted of trilaurin, Phospholipon 90H and Tween 80 with a particle size of 89.4 ± 0.2 nm and entrapment efficiency of 83.0 ± 1.7%. The in-vitro release evaluation of the formulation showed a complete and immediate release of ATQ from the SLN that could be a solution to improve the poor aqueous solubility and hence poor bioavailability of the drug.
    Matched MeSH terms: Polysorbates
  17. Alginate-based emulsion template containing high oil loading stabilized by nonionic surfactants
    Ong WD, Tey BT, Quek SY, Tang SY, Chan ES
    J Food Sci, 2015 Jan;80(1):E93-E100.
    PMID: 25529579 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.12729
    Oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion-gel systems containing high oil payloads are of increasing interest for food applications because of the reduction in encapsulation cost, consumption frequency or volume of food products. This study shows a facile approach to prepare stable alginate-based O/W emulsions at high oil loading using a mixture of nonionic surfactants (Tween 80 and Span 20) as a template to form gelled-emulsions. The synergistic effects of alginate and surfactants on the O/W emulsion properties were evaluated in terms of oil droplet size and emulsion stability. At 2% (w/v) of alginate and 1% (w/v) of surfactants, the size distribution of oil droplets was narrow and monomodal, even at an oil loading of 70% (v/v). The emulsions formed were stable against phase separation. The oil droplet size could be further reduced to below 1 μm using a high-shear homogenizer. The emulsions formed could be easily molded and gelled into solids of different shapes via ionic gelation. The findings of this study create possible avenues for applications in food industries.
    Matched MeSH terms: Polysorbates/chemistry
  18. Isolation of viable Toxoplasma gondii cysts from brain samples for oral infection
    Puvanesuaran VR, Ibrahim N, Noordin R, Balakrishnan V
    Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci, 2012 Sep;16(9):1179-83.
    PMID: 23047500
    AIM: A method was developed to separate contaminant-free viable Toxoplasma gondii cysts from brain samples of infected mice for molecular biology studies and reinfection.
    MATERIALS AND METHODS: The mice brains were homogenized and washed with phosphate buffered saline (PBS) Tween 80 prior to fractionation using 19-22% dextran solution. Finally, the supernatant was purified by two-step membrane filtration (100-160 microm and < 10 microm) to obtain pure T. gondii cyst. The isolates were analyzed through microscopic observation, qPCR and by reinfection of new batch of mice.
    RESULTS: T. gondii cysts were best isolated with 21% dextran solution and two step filtration.
    CONCLUSIONS: The method was observed not to disrupt the integrity of the cysts containing bradyzoites. In addition, the isolated cysts in the filtrate were found to be contaminant-free, viable and able to infect healthy mice when introduced orally; which, mimics the natural infectivity pathway.
    Matched MeSH terms: Polysorbates/pharmacology
  19. Effect of polyoxyethylene sorbitan esters and sodium caseinate on physicochemical properties of palm-based functional lipid nanodispersions
    Cheong JN, Mirhosseini H, Tan CP
    Int J Food Sci Nutr, 2010 Jun;61(4):417-24.
    PMID: 20151850 DOI: 10.3109/09637481003591574
    The main objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of polyoxyethylene sorbitan esters and sodium caseinate on physicochemical properties of palm-based functional lipid nanodispersions prepared by the emulsification-evaporation technique. The results indicated that the average droplet size increased significantly (P < 0.05) by increasing the chain length of fatty acids and also by increasing the hydrophile-lipophile balance value. Among the prepared nanodispersions, the nanoemulsion containing Polysorbate 20 showed the smallest average droplet size (202 nm) and narrowest size distribution for tocopherol-tocotrienol nanodispersions, while sodium caseinate-stabilized nanodispersions containing carotenoids had the largest average droplet size (386 nm), thus indicating a greater emulsifying role for Polysorbate 20 compared with sodium caseinate.
    Matched MeSH terms: Polysorbates/chemistry*
  20. Characterization and cytotoxicity of nanostructured lipid carriers formulated with olive oil, hydrogenated palm oil, and polysorbate 80
    How CW, Rasedee A, Abbasalipourkabir R
    IEEE Trans Nanobioscience, 2013 Jun;12(2):72-8.
    PMID: 23268387 DOI: 10.1109/TNB.2012.2232937
    Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) composed of solid and liquid lipids, and surfactants are potentially good colloidal drug carriers. Before NLC can be used as drug carriers, the cytotoxicity of their components must be ascertained. The cytotoxicity of solid lipids (trilaurin, palmitin, docosanoid acid, and hydrogenated palm oil [HPO]) and surfactants (Polysorbate 20, 80, and 85) were determined on BALB/c 3T3 cells. The HPO and Polysorbate 80 were least cytotoxic and used with olive oil in the formulation of NLC. The particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, specific surface area, and crystallinity index of the NLC were 61.14 nm, 0.461, -25.4 mV, and 49.07 m(2) and 27.12% respectively, while the melting point was 4.3 °C lower than of HPO. Unlike in serum-free, NLC incubated in fetal bovine serum-supplemented medium did not show particle growth, suggesting that serum proteins in medium inhibit nanoparticles aggregation. The study also showed that NLC was less toxic to BALB/c 3T3 cells than Polysorbate 80. Thus, NLC with olive oil, HPO, and Polysorbate 80 as components are potentially good drug carriers with minimal cytotoxicity on normal cells.
    Matched MeSH terms: Polysorbates/chemistry
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