Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 120 in total

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  1. Husin NA, AbuBakar S, Khoo JJ
    Acta Trop, 2021 Jun;218:105887.
    PMID: 33713627 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.105887
    Spotted fever group (SFG) rickettsiae causes a number of diseases in humans worldwide, which can range from mild to highly lethal. Since the clinical presentations of rickettsioses caused by SFG rickettsiae are variable and may be similar to the diseases caused by other rickettsiae, such as Orientia tsutsugamushi (agent for scrub typhus), Coxiella burnetii (agent for Q fever) and the typhus group rickettsiae (agents for epidemic and murine typhus), the accurate diagnosis of infections caused by SFG Rickettsia remains challenging especially in resource-poor settings in developing countries. This review summarizes the various diagnostic and detection tools that are currently available for the confirmation of infections by SFG rickettsiae. The advantages and challenges pertaining to the different serological and molecular detections methods, as well as new assays in development, are discussed. The utility of the detection tools contributing to the surveillance of SFG rickettsiae in arthropods and animals are reviewed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Serologic Tests
  2. Thomas V
    Med J Malaysia, 1977 Dec;32(2):120-6.
    PMID: 614477
    Matched MeSH terms: Serologic Tests*
  3. Lokanathan Y, Adura Mohd-Adnan, Sheila Nathan
    Sains Malaysiana, 2016;45:1969-1979.
    Protein antigen-i parasit ikan C. irritans berpotensi tinggi digunakan sebagai calon dalam pembangunan vaksin komersial terhadap C. irritans. Walau bagaimanapun, kewujudan variasi pada antigen-i serotip C. irritans yang berbeza mempengaruhi tahap perlindungan yang bakal diberikan terhadap varians C. irritans yang berbeza apabila antigen-i digunakan sebagai vaksin. Kajian ini dijalankan untuk membandingkan jujukan pelbagai antigen-i pencilan C. irritans di Malaysia berbanding antigen-i pencilan C. irritans yang pernah dilaporkan. Perbandingan filogenetik dijalankan untuk meramalkan potensi protein tersebut dalam usaha membangunkan calon serodiagnostik dan pemvaksinan terhadap pencilan C. irritans yang berlainan. Penjajaran jujukan berbilang bagi jujukan asid amino antigen-i dilakukan dengan perisian CLUSTALX dan analisis filogenetik antigen-i dilakukan menggunakan kaedah parsimoni maksimum (MP) dan kaedah Bayes. Sembilan transkrip unik (TU) C. irritans yang mempunyai padanan signifikan dengan antigen-i di pangkalan data protein NCBI didapati mempunyai peratus kesamaan antara 41% hingga 71%. Kedua-dua pohon MP dan Bayesian yang dijana menunjukkan varians antigen-i cn56 and cn57 terkelompok bersama dalam satu kumpulan manakala varians antigen-i yang lain terbahagi kepada dua kumpulan berasingan dan pengkelompokan ini disokong oleh kehadiran asid amino yang terpulihara dalam kumpulan masing-masing. Kajian lanjutan boleh dilakukan untuk mengenal pasti varians antigen-i yang sesuai sebagai calon serodiagnosis dan juga dapat memberi perlindungan silang terhadap pelbagai pencilan C. irritans di serata dunia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Serologic Tests
  4. Hanjeet K, Lai PF, Anuar HM
    Med J Malaysia, 1996 Mar;51(1):129-30.
    PMID: 10967991
    A total of 1131 Police Field Force personnel were screened serologically for schistosomiasis in Malaysia. A total of 150 (13.3%) were tested positive or borderline. Stool samples from 75 of these cases were however all negative for schistosome eggs. This survey suggests that Police Field Force personnel may be agents for propagating the schistosome life cycle in Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Serologic Tests*
  5. Omar-Ahmad UD, Lopez CG, Ramanathan K, Keat TC
    Dent J Malaysia Singapore, 1968 Feb;8(1):43-53.
    PMID: 5248557
    Matched MeSH terms: Serologic Tests
  6. Citation: Guideline for Anonymous and Voluntary HIV Screening. Putrajaya: Ministry of Health, Malaysia; 2013
    Matched MeSH terms: Serologic Tests
  7. Lancet, 1970 Apr 11;1(7650):761-2.
    PMID: 4191257
    Matched MeSH terms: Serologic Tests
  8. Poddar, S., Hati, A.K., Pal, D., Bhattacharya, N., Mukim, Y.
    JUMMEC, 2018;21(2):10-14.
    MyJurnal
    Purpose: The object of this study was to identify patients with diagnosed dengue infection, who were positive
    for both dengue-specific NS1 antigen and IgM antibody.
    Method: From January 2013 to December 2016, in Central Kolkata in West Bengal in India, patients with
    symptoms of dengue infection, were sent to the laboratory by the physicians for confirmatory diagnosis of
    dengue infection. A total of 4762 patients were seen, and serum samples tested and distributed into seven
    panels, according to the investigations requested. 1436 patients were tested positive.
    Results: 1053 cases were tested for both NS1 and Ig M antibody, 835 for dengue-specific NS1 antigen, IgM and
    IgG antibodies and 218 for NS1 dengue-specific antigen and IgM antibody. Of these, dengue was confirmed in
    34.3 %, with 16.6% positive for both NS1 antigen and IgM antibody. Eleven were diagnosed, with late dengue
    infection, thirty-nine with late primary infections and ten with late secondary dengue infection.
    Conclusions: Many of the patients were reactive for both NS1 antigen and IgM antibody, and they required
    proper attention and strict vigilance with effective monitoring and treatment, not of early dengue infection,
    but of late dengue infection. Unless the serological tests for Ig M and IgG antibodies, and the dengue specific
    viral antigen NS1 are performed simultaneously, these types of cases would not all be detected.
    Matched MeSH terms: Serologic Tests
  9. Wong WR, Krupin O, Sekaran SD, Mahamd Adikan FR, Berini P
    Anal Chem, 2014 Feb 4;86(3):1735-43.
    PMID: 24410440 DOI: 10.1021/ac403539k
    We present a compact, cost-effective, label-free, real-time biosensor based on long-range surface plasmon polariton (LRSPP) gold (Au) waveguides for the detection of dengue-specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody, and we demonstrate detection in actual patient blood plasma samples. Two surface functionalization approaches are proposed and demonstrated: a dengue virus serotype 2 (DENV-2) functionalized surface to capture dengue-specific IgM antibody in blood plasma and the reverse, a blood plasma functionalized surface to capture DENV-2. The results obtained via these two surface functionalization approaches are comparable to, or of greater quality, than those collected by conventional IgM antibody capture enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (MAC-ELISA). Our second functionalization approach was found to minimize nonspecific binding, thus improving the sensitivity and accuracy of the test. We also demonstrate reuse of the biosensors by regenerating the sensing surface down to the virus (or antibody) level or down to the bare Au.
    Matched MeSH terms: Serologic Tests/economics; Serologic Tests/methods*
  10. Lina LC, Rosalind S, Chong AW, Toha A, Shaffie B
    Med J Malaysia, 2010 Jun;65(2):155-6.
    PMID: 23756805 MyJurnal
    Cat scratch disease (CSD) caused by Bartonella henselae is the most common Bartonella infection worldwide. CSD usually presents as self-limiting lymphadenitis characterized by lymphadenopathy that occurs after contact with a cat and the symptoms resolve within 2 to 4 months. Serology testing is the cornerstone of diagnosis. However, it may require the use of clinical specimens for microbiologic evaluation for diagnosis. A number of antimicrobial agents have been advocated for the treatment of cat-scratch disease and treatment with azithromycin has been shown to be beneficial.
    Matched MeSH terms: Serologic Tests
  11. Balachandra D, Rahumatullah A, Lim TS, Mustafa FH, Ahmad H, Anuar NS, et al.
    Acta Trop, 2021 Sep;221:105986.
    PMID: 34058161 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.105986
    Serodiagnosis is an essential component of the laboratory diagnosis of Strongyloides infection and is usually performed using an indirect IgG antibody test. A direct antigen detection method can complement the IgG assay, particularly for detecting early infection and post-treatment follow-up. In the present study, a recombinant scFv monoclonal antibody against NIE recombinant protein (rMAb23) that we had previously produced was used to develop a Strongyloides antigen detection ELISA (SsAg-ELISA). The assay is based on detecting immune complexes of circulating NIE antigens bound to Strongyloides-specific IgG antibodies. The optimized ELISA parameters were 10 µg/mL of rMAb23 coated on microtitre plate wells, 2% skim milk as blocking reagent, 1:100 serum dilution, and 1:1000 goat anti-human IgG F(ab')2 conjugated to horseradish peroxidase. Four groups of serum samples were used, i.e., Strongyloides-positive serum samples categorized into Groups IA and IB; the former were from probable chronic infections and the latter from probable early/acute infections. Strongyloides-negative samples comprising Groups II (healthy samples) and III (other infections); the latter were from eleven different types of other parasitic infections. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed an area under the curve (AUC) of 1.00, cut-off optical density (OD405) of 0.5002, and 100% diagnostic sensitivity and specificity. The results of the commercial IgG-ELISA and SsAg-ELISA from Group IA were found to be moderately correlated (r = 0.416; p 
    Matched MeSH terms: Serologic Tests
  12. Ganesapillai T
    Med J Malaysia, 1973 Sep;28(1):50-1.
    PMID: 4273786
    Matched MeSH terms: Serologic Tests
  13. Han WM, Law MG, Egger M, Wools-Kaloustian K, Moore R, McGowan C, et al.
    Lancet HIV, 2021 Dec;8(12):e766-e775.
    PMID: 34856180 DOI: 10.1016/S2352-3018(21)00265-4
    BACKGROUND: As countries move towards the UNAIDS's 95-95-95 targets and with strong evidence that undetectable equals untransmittable, it is increasingly important to assess whether those with HIV who are receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) achieve viral suppression. We estimated the proportions of children and adolescents and adults with viral suppression at 1, 2, and 3 years after initiating ART.

    METHODS: In this retrospective cohort study, seven regional cohorts from the International epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA) consortium contributed data from individuals initiating ART between Jan 1, 2010, and Dec 31, 2019, at 148 sites in 31 countries with annual viral load monitoring. Only people with HIV who started ART after the time a site started routine viral load monitoring were included. Data up to March 31, 2020, were analysed. We estimated the proportions of children and adolescents (aged <18 years at ART initiation) and adults (aged ≥18 years at ART initiation) with viral suppression (viral load <1000 copies per mL) at 1, 2, and 3 years after ART initiation using an intention-to-treat approach and an adjusted approach that accounted for missing viral load measurements.

    FINDINGS: 21 594 children and adolescents (11 812 [55%] female, 9782 [45%] male) from 106 sites in 22 countries and 255 662 adults (163 831 [64%] female, 91 831 [36%] male) from 143 sites in 30 countries were included. Using the intention-to-treat approach, the proportion of children and adolescents with viral suppression was 7303 (36%) of 20 478 at 1 year, 5709 (30%) of 19 135 at 2 years, and 4287 (24%) of 17 589 at 3 years after ART initiation; the proportion of adults with viral suppression was 106 541 (44%) of 240 600 at 1 year, 79 141 (36%) of 220 925 at 2 years, and 57 970 (29%) of 201 124 at 3 years after ART initiation. After adjusting for missing viral load measurements among those who transferred, were lost to follow-up, or who were in follow-up without viral load testing, the proportion of children and adolescents with viral suppression was 12 048 (64% [plausible range 43-81]) of 18 835 at 1 year, 10 796 (62% [41-77]) of 17 553 at 2 years, and 9177 (59% [38-91]) of 15 667 at 3 years after ART initiation; the proportion of adults with viral suppression was 176 964 (79% [53-80]) of 225 418 at 1 year, 145 552 (72% [48-79]) of 201 238 at 2 years, and 115 260 (65% [43-69]) of 178 458 at 3 years after ART initiation.

    INTERPRETATION: Although adults with HIV are approaching the global target of 95% viral suppression, progress among children and adolescents is much slower. Substantial efforts are still needed to reach the viral suppression target for children and adolescents.

    FUNDING: US National Institutes of Health.

    Matched MeSH terms: Serologic Tests
  14. Chang CH, Riazi M, Yunus MH, Osman S, Noordin R
    Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis, 2014 Dec;80(4):278-81.
    PMID: 25241641 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2014.08.012
    This study evaluated 2 rapid leptospirosis serological tests, Leptorapide® (Linnodee, Northern Ireland) and VISITECT®-LEPTO (Omega Diagnostics, Scotland, UK), which are commonly used in Malaysia. A total of 183 samples comprised 113 sera from leptospirosis patients, and 70 sera from other infections and healthy controls were used. The leptospirosis sera were grouped into 2 serum panels, i.e., Group I (MAT+, PCR+) and Group II (MAT+). When inconclusive results were interpreted as positives, both tests showed lower diagnostic sensitivities (≤ 34%) with Group I sera, as compared to Group II sera (Leptorapide®, 93%; VISITECT®-LEPTO, 40%). When inconclusive results were interpreted as negatives, the 2 tests showed ~20% sensitivity with both serum panels. The diagnostic specificity of VISITECT®-LEPTO (94%) was superior to Leptorapide® (69%). Since both tests had misdiagnosed a large proportion of Group I patients and showed many inconclusive results among Group II patients, they have limited diagnostic value in detecting acute leptospirosis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Serologic Tests/methods*
  15. Ling LY, Ithoi I, Yik FM
    PMID: 20578535
    SAG2 is one of the major surface antigens of the intracellular protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii. In the present study, truncated recombinant SAG2(S) and full length recombinant SAG2(T) of T. gondii were optimally produced (approximately 15 mg/liter) in Pichia pastoris expression system using BMMY medium at pH 3, 25 degrees C in 0.5-1% methanol and a time-course of 1-2 days. The recombinant proteins were purified using a commercial gel filtration purification system obtaining approximately 33% recovery. The purified SAG2(S) and SAG2(T) showed molecular masses of 45 and 36 kDa by SDS-PAGE, respectively. The recombinant proteins were evaluated by Western blotting with patients' sera and demonstrated 90% sensitivity and 100% specificity for detection of toxoplasmosis. This study provided a means for large-scale expression and purification of SAG2, which should be useful for diagnosis of toxoplasmosis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Serologic Tests*
  16. Ismail A, Kader ZS, Kok-Hai O
    PMID: 1820645
    A nitrocellulose membrane strip dotted with a specific 50 kDa outer membrane protein of Salmonella typhi was applied for the serodiagnosis of typhoid fever. Using horseradish peroxidase conjugated IgM and IgG antibodies with 4-chloronaphthol as substrate, antibodies in typhoid patients were clearly visualised as bluish purple dots while sera from patients with non-typhoid fevers gave negative results. The detection of specific IgM and IgG antibodies in typhoid patients suggest either recent or current infection. Combined with the high specificity, reliability and rapidity of the test, the dot EIA technique provides a simple and useful method for the serodiagnosis of typhoid using a single serum specimen.
    Matched MeSH terms: Serologic Tests*
  17. Noordin R, Shenoy RK, Rahman RA
    PMID: 15115085
    Brugia malayi infection is endemic in several Asian countries. Filaria-specific IgG4 antibody detection based on BmR1 recombinant antigen has been shown to be sensitive and specific for the diagnosis of brugian filariasis. Two formats of the test has been reported ie indirect ELISA (BE) and rapid dipstick test (BR). Since different test formats use different amounts of sample and reagents which may affect its sensitivity and specificity, this study was performed to compare these two test formats in the detection of B. malayi. A total of 264 blinded serum samples from India and Malaysia were employed. Group 1 comprised 164 samples from actively infected individuals and group 2 comprised 100 samples from filaria non-endemic areas. Sensitivity was 96.3% (158/164) and 90.8% (149/164) for rapid test and ELISA respectively; chi-square p=0.00. Both test formats demonstrated 100% specificity. Therefore the rapid test format was equally specific but more sensitive than the ELISA format. The ELISA format would be able to demonstrate decline in IgG4 titer post-treatment while the rapid test would be very useful for screening and diagnosis in the field.
    Matched MeSH terms: Serologic Tests/methods*
  18. Vola A, Tamarozzi F, Noordin R, Yunus MH, Khanbabaie S, De Silvestri A, et al.
    Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis, 2018 Sep;92(1):31-33.
    PMID: 29776711 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2018.04.007
    Rapid diagnostic tests for cystic echinococcosis (CE) are convenient to support ultrasound diagnosis in uncertain cases, especially in resource-limited settings. We found comparable diagnostic performances of the experimental Hyd Rapid Test and the commercial VIRapid HYDATIDOSIS Test, used in our diagnostic laboratory, using samples from well-characterized hepatic CE cases.
    Matched MeSH terms: Serologic Tests/methods*
  19. Mohd Hanafiah K, Garcia ML, Barnes NC, Anderson DA
    BMC Res Notes, 2018 Oct 01;11(1):688.
    PMID: 30285838 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-018-3799-2
    OBJECTIVE: To conduct a proof-of-concept study on preferential binding of polymeric IgA (pIgA) using a novel recombinant rabbit/human chimeric secretory component (cSC) and preliminary assessment of the diagnostic potential of virus-specific pIgA in discriminating acute hepatitis A, E, and C (HAV, HEV, HCV) patients and uninfected controls using an indirect enzyme-linked immunoassay.

    RESULTS: cSC binds > 0.06 μg/ml of purified human and mouse pIgA with negligible cross-reactivity against IgM and IgA. Virus-specific pIgA was significantly higher in serum of acute HAV (n = 6) and HEV (n = 12) patients than uninfected samples (HEV: p 

    Matched MeSH terms: Serologic Tests/standards*
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