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  1. Fulltext An Assessment of Osteoporotic Conditions among Users and Non-Users of Warfarin: A Case-Control Study
    Abdulameer AH, Sulaiman SABS, Kader MBSA
    J Clin Diagn Res, 2017 Mar;11(3):OC21-OC24.
    PMID: 28511429 DOI: 10.7860/JCDR/2017/23829.9483
    INTRODUCTION: Warfarin is an oral anticoagulant which is associated with a decrease in Bone Mass Density (BMD).

    AIM: The study aimed to explore the prevalence of osteoporosis conditions in Malaysians with chronic warfarin patients using calcaneal quarter of Quantitative Ultrasound (QUS) machine and to investigate whether long-term sodium warfarin therapy that antagonizes vitamin K is affecting the increasing rate of osteoporosis in Penang and to find the risk factors of getting osteoporosis among warfarin users and its non users.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: A case-control study was conducted among 130 patients using warfarin, attending the outpatient clinic at Hospital Pulau Pinang. A convenience sampling method was used to recruit the required sample. Another 140 subjects were selected from the community as a control group (non-users of warfarin).

    RESULTS: This study showed that more than three-quarter patients (82%) were at high risk of abnormal BMD. The warfarin users were two times more likely to have a higher osteoporosis risk compared to control group. Moreover, BMD has a negative correlation with age, but has a positive correlation with Body Mass Index (BMI). Patients showed a negative correlation with a higher dose of warfarin intake.

    CONCLUSION: This study concluded that osteopenia and osteoporosis are serious problems between users and non-users warfarin in Penang. Therefore, it should be taken into consideration in the Malaysian Health Ministry's agenda.

  2. Assessment of health seeking behaviour and self-medication among general public in the state of Penang, Malaysia
    Dawood OT, Hassali MA, Saleem F, Ibrahim IR, Abdulameer AH, Jasim HH
    Pharm Pract (Granada), 2017 Jul-Sep;15(3):991.
    PMID: 28943981 DOI: 10.18549/PharmPract.2017.03.991
    BACKGROUND: Patients' behaviour in making decisions regarding health is currently changing from passive recipients to recipients who play an active role in taking action to control their health and taking self-care initiatives.
    OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to evaluate the health seeking behaviour among general public and its associated factors; and to evaluate the medicine taking behaviour in public and the practice of self-medication.
    METHODS: A cross-sectional study was undertaken among general public in Penang Island, Malaysia. A convenience sampling of 888 participants successfully completed the survey. Self-administered questionnaires were distributed among the residents in the north east of Penang Island.
    RESULTS: This study showed that most of the participants chose to consult the physician when they experience any health problems (66.7%), followed by self-medication (20.9%). The first action for consulting the physician was significantly predicted by Malay respondents and retired people (OR 3.05, 95% CI 1.04-8.89). The prevalence of self-medication was 54%. The practice of self-medication was significantly associated with Chinese participants, educated people, people with alone living status and people with more self-care orientation.
    CONCLUSION: Increasing the awareness of the public about the rational choice of getting medical assistance is a very important issue to control their health. A health education program is needed to increase the awareness about the use of medicines among the general public and to enable them to make the right decisions relating to health problems.
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