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  1. Systematic review and meta-analysis of the pelvic organ prolapse and vaginal prolapse among the global population
    Mudalige T, Pathiraja V, Delanerolle G, Cavalini H, Wu S, Taylor J, et al.
    BJUI Compass, 2025 Jan;6(1):e464.
    PMID: 39877583 DOI: 10.1002/bco2.464
    BACKGROUND: Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) occurs when one or more pelvic organs (uterus, bowel, bladder or top of the vagina) descend from their normal position and bulge into the vagina. Symptoms include pelvic discomfort, fullness, and changes in bladder or bowel function. Treatment ranges from conservative approaches to surgery, depending on symptom severity. Surgical methods include vaginal wall repair, with or without hysterectomy, or via laparoscopic, robotic or open techniques. Common complications include bleeding, infection, and urinary or bowel dysfunction.

    METHODS: A systematic review was conducted, and a protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42022346051). Publications from 30 April 1980 to 30 April 2023 were retrieved from multiple databases. Data were analysed using random-effects and common-effects models with subgroup and sensitivity analyses.

    FINDINGS: Forty-four studies met the inclusion criteria, with 29 studies used for meta-analysis of vaginal prolapse surgery outcomes. Sixteen studies focused on patients who had undergone hysterectomy alongside prolapse repair.

    INTERPRETATION: Patients who underwent vaginal prolapse surgery with hysterectomy experienced higher operative and postoperative complication rates than those without hysterectomy. Increased risks included hospital readmission, POP recurrence and re-operation. The review highlighted a lack of diversity in terms of ethnicity, age and comorbidity status, which are essential to fully understanding the impact of POP. Future research should focus on these underrepresented factors.

  2. Did Descriptive and Prescriptive Norms About Gender Equality at Home Change During the COVID-19 Pandemic? A Cross-National Investigation
    Saxler FM, Dorrough AR, Froehlich L, Block K, Croft A, Meeussen L, et al.
    Pers Soc Psychol Bull, 2024 Jan 29.
    PMID: 38284645 DOI: 10.1177/01461672231219719
    Using data from 15 countries, this article investigates whether descriptive and prescriptive gender norms concerning housework and child care (domestic work) changed after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Results of a total of 8,343 participants (M = 19.95, SD = 1.68) from two comparable student samples suggest that descriptive norms about unpaid domestic work have been affected by the pandemic, with individuals seeing mothers' relative to fathers' share of housework and child care as even larger. Moderation analyses revealed that the effect of the pandemic on descriptive norms about child care decreased with countries' increasing levels of gender equality; countries with stronger gender inequality showed a larger difference between pre- and post-pandemic. This study documents a shift in descriptive norms and discusses implications for gender equality-emphasizing the importance of addressing the additional challenges that mothers face during health-related crises.
  3. Policy as normative influence? On the relationship between parental leave policy and social norms in gender division of childcare across 48 countries
    Schindler S, Schuster C, Olsson MIT, Froehlich L, Hübner AK, Block K, et al.
    Br J Soc Psychol, 2025 Apr;64(2):e12806.
    PMID: 39439425 DOI: 10.1111/bjso.12806
    In the present work, we addressed the relationship between parental leave policies and social norms. Using a pre-registered, cross-national approach, we examined the relationship between parental leave policies and the perception of social norms for the gender division of childcare. In this study, 19,259 students (11,924 women) from 48 countries indicated the degree to which they believe childcare is (descriptive norm) and should be (prescriptive norm) equally divided among mothers and fathers. Policies were primarily operationalized as the existence of parental leave options in the respective country. The descriptive and prescriptive norms of equal division of childcare were stronger when parental leave was available in a country - also when controlling for potential confounding variables. Moreover, analyses of time since policy change suggested that policy change may initially affect prescriptive norms and then descriptive norms at a later point. However, due to the cross-sectional nature of the data, drawing causal inferences is difficult.
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