WO3 particles were synthesized using sol-gel method. The WO3 particles was prepared using 0.4 M of sodium tungstate dehydrate for 21 h at 90 °C. The photocatalytic activity of WO3 particles in removal of RhB dye followed first order kinetics in both visible light and UV light irradiation. The investigation showed that WO3 particles degraded RhB dye more effectively under UV irradiation (43.2 %) than visible irradiation (2.6 %) in 75 min. The poor photodegradation efficiency was attributed to the narrow excitation band of visible light source. Besides, the scavenger tests indicated that the holes and hydroxyl radicals were the dominant reactive species in photocatalytic degradation of RhB dye. Based on these findings, the photodegradation mechanism of RhB dye by WO3 particles is proposed.
In this research article, we have introduced a knowledge-based approach to regional/national security measures. Proposed Knowledge-based Normative Safety Measure algorithm for safety measures helps to take practical actions to conquer COVID-19. We analyzed based on five dimensions: the correlation between detected cases and confirmed cases, social distance, the speed of detected cases, the correlation between imported cases and inbound cases, and the proportion of masks worn. It prompts actions based on the security level of the region. Through the use of our proposed algorithm, the government has accelerated the implementation of social distancing, accelerated test cases, and policies, etc., to prevent people from contracting COVID-19. This idea can be a very effective way to realize the impending danger and take action in advance. Help speed up the process of controlling the COVID-19. In pandemic times, it can be helpful to understand better. Holding the normative safety measure at a high level leads nations to perform excellently on triple T's (testing, tracking, and treatment) policy and other safety acts. The proposed NSM approach facilitates for improve the governance of cities and communities.