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  1. Lye Wei Liang, Solahuddin Yusuf Fadhlullah, Samihah Abdullah, Shabinar Abdul Hamid
    ESTEEM Academic Journal, 2020;16(1):1-14.
    MyJurnal
    Most of the hospitals in Malaysia still utilise manual inspection by medical
    personnel to determine the health conditions of the patients. The data
    collected from the medical equipment would have to be analysed and verified
    by the hospital. Frequently, many patients need medical inspections.
    However, to provide a precise diagnosis, medical personnel requires more
    time. This limitation can be addressed by the development of automated and
    wireless health monitoring systems with health diagnostic feature supported
    by artificial intelligence (AI). In this project, the objective is to develop a
    prototype of a wireless (non-invasive) heartbeat monitoring system with
    supervised learning. This system monitors the heartbeat activity and predicts
    the condition of the user's heartbeat. Technically, a photoplethysmographybased (PPG-based) heartbeat sensor is used to build a heartbeat sensing
    device with a Bluetooth feature that communicates with an Android
    application. The Android application is developed to receive heartbeat data
    from the device and feed the data into an AI classification model to predict
    the heartbeat condition of the user. This AI classifier was built from
    heartbeat data collected from 10 healthy people. The additional heartbeat
    dataset was generated based on a sound source of heartbeat information to
    increase the volume of the training dataset. The completion of this project
    implementation results in a wireless heartbeat monitoring system that can be
    applied regardless of location and time. The accuracy of the AI prediction is
    99 % when evaluated with a testing dataset. The empirical accuracy obtained
    by testing the system with actual implementation is 90 %.
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