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Factor Structure of the Spiritual Well-Being Scale: Cross-Cultural Comparisons Between Jordanian Arab and Malaysian Muslim University Students in Jordan

Musa AS

J Transcult Nurs, 2016 Mar;27(2):117-25.
PMID: 24867886 DOI: 10.1177/1043659614537305

This study reported the differences in factor structure of the Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWBS) among Jordanian Arab and Malaysian Muslim participants and further examined its validity and reliability. A convenience sample of 553 Jordanian Arab and 183 Malaysian Malay Muslim university students was recruited from governmental universities in northern Jordan. The findings of this study revealed that this scale consists of two factors for the Jordanian Arab group, representing the "Religious Well-Being" and the "Existential Well-Being" subscales, and consists of three factors for the Malaysian group, representing the "Affiliation/Meaning and Purpose," "Positive Existential Well-Being/God Caring and Love," and "Alienation/Despair" subscales. In conclusion, the factor structure of the SWBS for both groups in this study was psychometrically sound with evidence of acceptable to good validity and reliability. Furthermore, this study supported the multidimensional nature of the SWBS and the earlier notion that ethnicity shapes responses to this scale.
Monte Carlo simulation of gold nanoparticles for X-ray enhancement application

Dheyab MA, Aziz AA, Rahman AA, Ashour NI, Musa AS, Braim FS, et al.

Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj, 2023 Apr;1867(4):130318.
PMID: 36740000 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2023.130318

BACKGROUND: Gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) are regarded as potential agents that enhance the radiosensitivity of tumor cells for theranostic applications. To elucidate the biological mechanisms of radiation dose enhancement effects of Au NPs as well as DNA damage attributable to the inclusion of Au NPs, Monte Carlo (MC) simulations have been deployed in a number of studies.
SCOPE OF REVIEW: This review paper concisely collates and reviews the information reported in the simulation research in terms of MC simulation of radiosensitization and dose enhancement effects caused by the inclusion of Au NPs in tumor cells, simulation mechanisms, benefits and limitations.
MAJOR CONCLUSIONS: In this review, we first explore the recent advances in MC simulation on Au NPs radiosensitization. The MC methods, physical dose enhancement and enhanced chemical and biological effects is discussed, followed by some results regarding the prediction of dose enhancement. We then review Multi-scale MC simulations of Au NP-induced DNA damages for X-ray irradiation. Moreover, we explain and look at Multi-scale MC simulations of Au NP-induced DNA damages for X-ray irradiation.
GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE: Using advanced chemical module-implemented MC simulations, there is a need to assess the radiation-induced chemical radicals that contribute to the dose-enhancing and biological effects of multiple Au NPs.
Dosimetric assessment of Gadolinium-159 for hepatic radioembolization: Tomographic images and Monte Carlo simulation

Musa AS, Abdul Hadi MFR, Hashikin NAA, Ashour NI, Ying CK

Appl Radiat Isot, 2023 Sep;199:110916.
PMID: 37393764 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2023.110916

A common therapeutic radionuclide used in hepatic radioembolization is yttrium-90 (90Y). However, the absence of gamma emissions makes it difficult to verify the post-treatment distribution of 90Y microspheres. Gadolinium-159 (159Gd) has physical properties that are suitable for therapy and post-treatment imaging in hepatic radioembolization procedures. The current study is innovative for conducting a dosimetric investigation of the use of 159Gd in hepatic radioembolization by simulating tomographic images using the Geant4 application for tomographic emission (GATE) Monte Carlo (MC) simulation. For registration and segmentation, tomographic images of five patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who had undergone transarterial radioembolization (TARE) therapy were processed using a 3D slicer. The tomographic images with 159Gd and 90Y separately were simulated using the GATE MC Package. The output of simulation (dose image) was uploaded to 3D slicer to compute the absorbed dose for each organ of interests. 159Gd were able to provide a recommended dose of 120 Gy to the tumour, with normal liver and lungs absorbed doses close to that of 90Y and less than the respective maximum permitted doses of 70 Gy and 30 Gy, respectively. Compared to 90Y, 159Gd requires higher administered activity approximately 4.92 times to achieve a tumour dose of 120 Gy. Thus; this research gives new insights into the use of 159Gd as a theranostic radioisotope, with the potential to be used as a90Y alternative for liver radioembolization.

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