MyMedR

Effects of quinine and of chloroquine in vitro against a strain of chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum that displays a relative resistance to quinine in vivo

Rieckmann KH, McNamara JV, Powell RD

Mil Med, 1969 Sep;134(10):795-801.

PMID: 4987058

Improving magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations: Development and evaluation of an intervention to reduce movement in scanners and facilitate scan completion

Powell R, Ahmad M, Gilbert FJ, Brian D, Johnston M

Br J Health Psychol, 2015 Sep;20(3):449-65.

PMID: 25639980 DOI: 10.1111/bjhp.12132

The movement of patients in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanners results in motion artefacts which impair image quality. Non-completion of scans leads to delay in diagnosis and increased costs. This study aimed to develop and evaluate an intervention to enable patients to stay still in MRI scanners (reducing motion artefacts) and to enhance scan completion. Successful scan outcome was deemed to be completing the scan with no motion artefacts.

The effects of diaphenylsulfone (DDS) against chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum

Degowin RL, Eppes RB, Carson PE, Powell RD

Bull World Health Organ, 1966;34(5):671-81.

PMID: 5328901

In view of the problems caused by the chloroquine-resistance of some strains of Plasmodium falciparum, the authors have investigated the effectiveness of diaphenylsulfone against two such resistant strains, from Malaya and Viet-Nam. They found that diaphenylsulfone given during acute attacks of malaria had a blood schizontocidal activity against the Malayan resistant strain but was not rapidly effective in terminating acute attacks in non-immune persons, and that, when the drug was given prophylactically in relatively small doses, it was substantially effective in preventing patency of mosquito-induced infection with the same strain. The protective effect of diaphenylsulfone is that of a clinical prophylactic or suppressive drug; it does not appear to be a true causal prophylactic. It was also found that the protective effect is vitiated by the concurrent administration of paraaminobenzoic acid.These studies indicate a need for further assessment of the antimalarial value of sulfones and sulfonamides, both alone and in combination with other drugs, for prevention and cure.

Gametocytocidal and sporontocidal effects of primaquine upon two strains of Plasmodium falciparum

Rieckmann KH, McNamara JV, Kass L, Powell RD

Mil Med, 1969 Sep;134(10):802-19.

PMID: 4987059

Fulltext Development and Validation of Blood-Based Predictive Biomarkers for Response to PD-1/PD-L1 Checkpoint Inhibitors: Evidence of a Universal Systemic Core of 3D Immunogenetic Profiling across Multiple Oncological Indications

Hunter E, Salter M, Powell R, Dring A, Naithani T, Chatziioannou ME, et al.

Cancers (Basel), 2023 May 10;15(10).

PMID: 37345033 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15102696

BACKGROUND: Unprecedented advantages in cancer treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) remain limited to only a subset of patients. Systemic analyses of the regulatory 3D genome architecture linked to individual epigenetic and immunogenetic controls associated with tumour immune evasion mechanisms and immune checkpoint pathways reveal a highly prevalent molecular profile predictive of response to PD-1/PD-L1 ICIs. A clinical blood test based on a set of eight (8) 3D genomic biomarkers has been developed and validated on the basis of an observational trial to predict response to ICI therapy.

METHODS: The predictive eight biomarker set is derived from prospective observational clinical trials, representing 280 treatments with Pembrolizumab, Atezolizumab, Durvalumab, Nivolumab, and Avelumab in a broad range of indications: melanoma, lung, hepatocellular, renal, breast, bladder, colon, head and neck, bone, brain, lymphoma, prostate, vulvar, and cervical cancers.

RESULTS: The 3D genomic eight biomarker panel for response to immune checkpoint therapy achieved a high accuracy of 85%, sensitivity of 93%, and specificity of 82%.

CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that a 3D genomic approach can be used to develop a predictive clinical assay for response to PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint inhibition in cancer patients.

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