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  1. The applications of MicroCT in studying age-related tooth morphological change and dental age estimation: A scoping review
    Zainuddin MZ, Mohamad NS, Su Keng T, Mohd Yusof MYP
    J Forensic Sci, 2023 Nov;68(6):2048-2056.
    PMID: 37529884 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.15352
    Conventional dental age estimation relies on destructive methods such as sectioning and staining, which are unpreferable when the tooth is required for evidential or archeological preservation. MicroCT is a non-destructive, high-resolution imaging technique that allows for accurate morphometrical measurement. Although microCT technology has been applied in a variety of dental studies, studies focusing on dental age-related change and dental age estimation based on microCT imaging remain lacking. Based on the question: "How has microCT technology been applied in studying human age-related tooth morphological change and dental age estimation studies?", the authors conducted a scoping review in accordance with the Arksey and O'Malley (2005) and the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. A literature search using five major scientific databases identified 452 articles, with 11 full-text articles being eligible to be included in the scoping review. Furthermore, 6 out of the 11 studies performed dental age estimation modeling. An overview of the parameters used in the selected articles revealed a variety of tooth characteristics, such as pulp cavity to whole tooth volume ratio, secondary dentin, as well as the diameter of root canal orifice. The findings of this scoping review highlight the extent microCT is used in studying dental age-related changes, as well as the effectiveness of microCT in dental age estimation studies. This review serves as a guide for future forensic odontology age estimation studies.
  2. The comparison between propofol and dexmedetomidine infusion on perioperative anxiety during regional anesthesia
    Lim YP, Yahya N, Izaham A, Kamaruzaman E, Zainuddin MZ, Wan Mat WR, et al.
    Turk J Med Sci, 2018 Dec 12;48(6):1219-1227.
    PMID: 30541250 DOI: 10.3906/sag-1802-126
    Background/aim: Regional anesthesia for surgery is associated with increased anxiety for patients. This study aimed to compare the
    effect of propofol and dexmedetomidine infusion on perioperative anxiety during regional anesthesia.

    Materials and methods: Eighty-four patients were randomly divided into two groups receiving either study drug infusion. Anxiety
    score, level of sedation using the Bispectral Index and Observer’s Assessment of Alertness and Sedation, hemodynamic stability, and
    overall patient’s feedback on anxiolysis were assessed.

    Results: Both groups showed a significant drop in mean anxiety score at 10 and 30 min after starting surgery. Difference in median
    anxiety scores showed a significant reduction in anxiety score at the end of the surgery in the dexmedetomidine group compared to the
    propofol group. Dexmedetomidine and propofol showed a significant drop in mean arterial pressure in the first 30 min and first 10 min
    respectively. Both drugs demonstrated a significant drop in heart rate in the first 20 min from baseline after starting the drug infusion.
    Patients in the dexmedetomidine group (76.20%) expressed statistically excellent feedback on anxiolysis compared to patients in the
    propofol group (45.20%).

    Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine infusion was found to significantly reduce anxiety levels at the end of surgery compared to propofol
    during regional anesthesia.

  3. Fulltext The 3D Printability and Mechanical Properties of Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) as Additives in Urethane Dimethacrylate (UDMA) Blends Polymer for Medical Application
    Abu Bakar AA, Zainuddin MZ, Abdullah SM, Tamchek N, Mohd Noor IS, Alauddin MS, et al.
    Polymers (Basel), 2022 Oct 25;14(21).
    PMID: 36365512 DOI: 10.3390/polym14214518
    The integration of additive manufacturing (3D printing) in the biomedical sector required material to portray a holistic characteristic in terms of printability, biocompatibility, degradability, and mechanical properties. This research aims to evaluate the 3D printability and mechanical properties of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) as additives in the urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA) based resin and its potential for medical applications. The printability of the PHB/UDMA resin blends was limited to 11 wt.% as it reached the maximum viscosity value at 2188 cP. Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was also conducted to assess the significant effect of the varied PHB (wt.%) incorporation within UDMA resin, and the aging duration of 3D printed PHB/UDMA on mechanical properties in terms of tensile and impact properties. Meanwhile, the increasing crystallinity index (CI) of X-ray diffraction (XRD) in the 3D printed PHB/UDMA as the PHB loading increased, indicating that there is a strong correlation with the lower tensile and impact strength. FESEM images also proved that the agglomerations that occurred within the UDMA matrix had affected the mechanical performance of 3D printed PHB/UDMA. Nonetheless, the thermal stability of the 3D printed PHB/UDMA had only a slight deviation from the 3D printed UDMA since it had better thermal processability.
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