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Reversible anesthesia of Southeast Asian primates with medetomidine, zolazepam, and tiletamine

Fahlman A, Bosi EJ, Nyman G

J. Zoo Wildl. Med., 2006 Dec;37(4):558-61.
PMID: 17315446

Medetomidine (0.02-0.06 mg/kg) in combination with zolazepam-tiletamine (0.8-2.3 mg/kg) were evaluated for reversible anesthesia in four species of Southeast Asian primates: Bornean orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus pygmaeus), Bornean gibbon (Hylobates muelleri), long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis), and pig-tailed macaque (Macaca nemestrina). Twenty-three anesthetic procedures of captive-held and free-ranging primates were studied in Sabah, Malaysia. The induction was smooth and rapid. Respiratory and heart rates were stable throughout anesthesia, whereas body temperature and systolic arterial blood pressure decreased significantly. Atipamezole at five times the medetomidine dose effectively reversed anesthesia, with first signs of recovery within 3-27 min.

Matched MeSH terms: Anesthesia Recovery Period
Association of ethnicity and acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery in a South East Asian population

Chew ST, Mar WM, Ti LK

Br J Anaesth, 2013 Mar;110(3):397-401.
PMID: 23171723 DOI: 10.1093/bja/aes415

BACKGROUND: Postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequent and serious complication after cardiac surgery. Clinical factors alone have failed to accurately predict the incidence of AKI after cardiac surgery. Ethnicity has been shown to be a predictor of AKI in the Western population. We tested the hypothesis that ethnicity is an independent predictor of AKI in patients undergoing cardiac surgery in a South East Asian population.
METHODS: A total of 1756 consecutive patients undergoing cardiac surgery were prospectively recruited. Among them, data of 1639 patients met the criteria for analysis. There were 1182 Chinese, 195 Indian, and 262 Malay patients. The main outcome was postoperative AKI, defined as a 25% or greater increase in preoperative to a maximum postoperative serum creatinine level within 3 days after surgery.
RESULTS: Five hundred and seventy-nine patients (35.3%) developed AKI after cardiac surgery. Ethnicity was shown to be an independent predictor of AKI after cardiac surgery with Indians and Malays having a higher risk of developing AKI when compared with Chinese patients (odds ratio: Indian vs Chinese 1.44, Malay vs Chinese 1.51).
CONCLUSIONS: Indians and Malays have a higher risk of developing AKI after cardiac surgery than Chinese in a South East Asian population. Ethnicity was shown to be an independent predictor of AKI after cardiac surgery.

Matched MeSH terms: Anesthesia
Filshie Clip sterilization trial in Malaysia

Arshat H, Puraviappan AP, Thambu J, Ali J, Harun R

Malays J Reprod Health, 1984 Jun;2(1):14-9.
PMID: 12267516
Matched MeSH terms: Anesthesia
Preventing the withdrawal response associated with rocuronium injection: a comparison of fentanyl with lidocaine

Ahmad N, Choy CY, Aris EA, Balan S

Anesth Analg, 2005 Apr;100(4):987-990.
PMID: 15781511 DOI: 10.1213/01.ANE.0000147790.76114.3A

We compared the efficacy of IV fentanyl with IV lidocaine as pretreatment for the prevention of withdrawal response after rocuronium injection. For this prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study we recruited 90 patients aged between 18 and 65 yr, ASA physical status I or II, who had undergone elective surgery requiring general anesthesia and positive pressure ventilation. Patients were randomly allocated to 1 of 3 groups: group F received 2 mL IV fentanyl 50 microg/mL (100 microg), group L received 2 mL of preservative-free lidocaine 2% (40 mg), and group P (placebo) received 2 mL of normal saline. The incidence of withdrawal response after rocuronium was 57%, 30%, and 7% in the placebo, lidocaine, and fentanyl groups, respectively. We found a significant reduction in incidence of withdrawal response in both the fentanyl and lidocaine groups when compared with the placebo group (P < 0.05), with the fentanyl group being most effective (P < 0.05). In conclusion, both fentanyl and lidocaine are effective clinical treatments to alleviate the withdrawal response associated with rocuronium injection, with fentanyl being more effective.

Matched MeSH terms: Anesthesia, General
Effect of antisense oligodeoxynucleotides for ICAM-1 on renal ischaemia-reperfusion injury in the anaesthetised rat

Kiew LV, Munavvar AS, Law CH, Azizan AN, Nazarina AR, Sidik K, et al.

J Physiol, 2004 Jun 15;557(Pt 3):981-9.
PMID: 15047774

An antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (As-ODN) to the 3' untranslated region of the mRNA sequence expressing the intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) was employed to determine ICAM-1's role in renal ischaemia-reperfusion injury in the rat. Wistar-Kyoto rats receiving i.v. either lipofectin-As-ODN (As-ODN group), lipofectin-reverse ODN (Rv-ODN group) or lipofectin (ischaemia control group) 8 h prior to study were anaesthetized and subjected to 30 min of renal artery occlusion. Renal haemodynamic and excretory parameters were monitored before and after renal ischaemia. On termination of the study renal tissue was subjected to histological and Western blot analysis. Renal blood flow decreased in the 3 h post-ischaemia period in the ischaemia control and Rv-ODN groups, but was maintained in the As-ODN group. Glomerular filtration rate was depressed initially but gradually increased to 10% above basal levels in the ischaemia control and Rv-ODN groups, but was below basal levels (20%) in the As-ODN group. There was a three- to fourfold increase in sodium and water excretion following ischaemia in the ischaemia control and reverse-ODN groups but not in the As-ODN treated group. The As-ODN ameliorated the histological evidence of ischaemic damage and reduced ICAM-1 protein levels to a greater extent in the medulla than cortex. These observations suggested that in the post-ischaemic period afferent and efferent arteriolar tone was increased with a loss of reabsorptive capacity which was in part due to ICAM-1. The possibility arises that the action of ICAM-1 at vascular and tubular sites in the deeper regions of the kidney contributes to the ischaemia-reperfusion injury.

Matched MeSH terms: Anesthesia