Displaying publications 21 - 23 of 23 in total

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  1. Fathelrahman AI, Ab Rahman AF, Mohd Zain Z
    Gen Hosp Psychiatry, 2008 Sep-Oct;30(5):467-70.
    PMID: 18774431 DOI: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2008.04.004
    OBJECTIVE: Drug overdose exposures were compared with chemical poisoning in terms of demographics, associated factors and final outcomes.
    METHOD: Deliberate self-poisoning (DSP) cases admitted to Penang General Hospital during the years 2000-2004 were studied. Chi-square, independent t-test and binary logistic were used whenever applicable.
    RESULTS: Indian patients were more likely to use household products, whereas Malay and Chinese patients were more likely to take drug overdoses (P=.001). Drug overdose victims experienced more socioeconomic problems (P=.05) and were more likely to be admitted to the intensive care unit (P=.052). Chemical poisoning patients presented earlier (P=.011), were hospitalized for shorter time (P=.001) and had a higher rate of mortality (P=.01).
    CONCLUSION: The present study has identified a unique ethnic variation in the choice of suicide attempts from toxic substances. DSP associated with drug overdose showed significant morbidity, but increased mortality was seen in chemical poisoning.
    Matched MeSH terms: Intensive Care Units/statistics & numerical data
  2. Ng KT, Teoh WY, Khor AJ
    J Clin Anesth, 2020 Feb;59:74-81.
    PMID: 31279283 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2019.06.027
    OBJECTIVES: Melatonin is an endogenous hormone, which regulates circadian rhythms and promotes sleep. In recent years, several randomised controlled trials examining the prophylactic use of melatonin to prevent delirium were published with conflicting findings. The primary aim of this review was to determine the effect of melatonin on the incidence of delirium in hospitalised patients.

    DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE, EMBASE and CENTRAL were systematically searched from their inception until December 2018.

    REVIEW METHODS: All randomised clinical trials were included.

    RESULTS: Sixteen trials (1634 patients) were included in this meta-analysis. Incidence of delirium was not significantly lower in patients who received melatonin, with an odd ratio, OR (95%Cl) of 0.55 (0.24-1.26); ρ = 0.16, certainty of evidence = low, trial sequential analysis = inconclusive. However, patients who randomised to melatonin had a significantly shorter length of stay in intensive care units, with a mean difference, MD (95%CI) of -1.84 days (-2.46, -1.21); ρ 

    Matched MeSH terms: Intensive Care Units/statistics & numerical data*
  3. Ismail B, Shafei MN, Harun A, Ali S, Omar M, Deris ZZ
    J Microbiol Immunol Infect, 2018 Dec;51(6):763-769.
    PMID: 28716359 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2017.03.007
    BACKGROUND: With increasing prevalence and spread of multidrug resistant Gram-negative infections, parenteral polymyxins resurged in clinical practice. The primary aim of the study was to determine the predictors of treatment failure and in-hospital mortality among critically ill patients treated with polymyxin B.

    METHODS: Demographic data, underlying diseases, procedures and details on polymyxin B therapy were retrospectively analyzed in a cohort of 84 patients who received intravenous polymyxin B in an intensive care unit from 2010 to 2014.

    RESULTS: Polymyxin B was used to treat bacteremia (46.4% of cases) and pneumonia (53.6%). Majority of the pathogens isolated were Acinetobacter spp. (96.4%). The mortality rate was 48.8%, of which 82.9% was attributed to polymyxin B treatment failure. The independent predictors of treatment failure were low doses of polymyxin B (p = 0.002), shorter duration of therapy (p = 0.009), not combining with cefoperazone/sulbactam (p = 0.030), female gender (p = 0.004), administered for treatment of bacteremia (p = 0.023) and renal impairment (p = 0.021). Low polymyxin B doses (p = 0.007), not combining with cefoperazone/sulbactam (p = 0.024), female gender (p = 0.048) and renal impairment (p = 0.022) were also significant predictors for in-hospital mortality.

    CONCLUSIONS: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the association of inadequate dose of polymyxin B (<15,000 units/kg/day) with poor outcome in critically ill patients. Besides that, further clinical studies are warranted to evaluate the use of cefoperazone/sulbactam as second antibiotic in the combination therapy.

    Matched MeSH terms: Intensive Care Units/statistics & numerical data
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