This was a prospective observational study to determine the predictive factors for a successful vaginal birth after caesarean section (VBAC) and to develop a relevant antenatal scoring system. Patients with one previous caesarean section were included in this study. All data including maternal demographics, obstetric history, pregnancy progress and outcomes were collected and analysed. A total of 142 out of the 186 women (76.3%) had successful VBAC. History of previous vaginal delivery and non-recurrent indications for previous caesarean section were the significant predictive factors for a successful VBAC. Five variables for our scoring tool were selected. By using a proposed mean score of 4 out of 7, the scoring system had a sensitivity of 81.0%, specificity of 52.3% and a positive predictive value of 84.6%. VBAC antenatal scoring system was potentially a useful predictive tool in antenatal counselling. Impact statement What is already known on this subject: Planned vaginal birth after caesarean section (VBAC) is an important strategy to limit the overall caesarean section rate, which is related to maternal morbidities. However, trial of vaginal delivery does involve potential complications including scar dehiscence, postpartum haemorrhage and emergency hysterectomy. What the results of this study add: Clinical predictors of a successful VBAC include non-recurrent indications for the previous caesarean section, previous vaginal delivery, spontaneous onset of labour and birthweight less than 4kg. There were multiple screening tools developed to predict the likelihood of successful VBAC. These scoring systems involved various variables such as age, ethnicity, Bishop's score and previous caesarean indication. We had prospectively developed an antenatal scoring system based on five variables. Our result showed that patient with a score of four and above will have around 85% chance of successful VBAC. What the implications are of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research: We have also found that, estimated foetal weight based on ultrasound scan is a potential predictor for successful VBAC. This simple scoring method will be useful in-patient counselling regarding mode of delivery after one previous caesarean section. A multicentre study involving large cohort of patients is ideal to validate our scoring system.
OBJECTIVE: To assess the outcomes and risk factors of adolescent pregnancies in 2 major hospitals in Malaysia.
METHODS: We conducted a case-control study of pregnant girls aged 10 through 19 years. The controls were women aged 20 through 35 years who did not become pregnant in their adolescence. Cases and controls were matched for parity and place of delivery. Data were collected from questionnaires and the hospitals' medical records.
RESULTS: The study included 102 cases and 102 controls. There were significant associations between adolescent pregnancy and low education level, low socioeconomic status, being raised by a single parent, not engaging in extracurricular school activities, engaging in unsupervised activities with peers after school, and substance abuse (P<0.05 for all); being anemic, being unsure of the expected delivery date, and having few antenatal visits and a late delivery booking; and low Apgar scores and perinatal complications.
CONCLUSION: Adolescent pregnancies are high-risk pregnancies. Better sexual health strategies are required to address the associated complications.