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Stereopsis in end-stage renal disease (ESRD)

Jones DJW, Harris JP, Butler LT, Vaux EC

Physiol Behav, 2017 03 15;171:1-6.
PMID: 28025091 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.12.029

We investigated an effect of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) on the visual system by measuring the ability of 21 patients to perceive depth in the random dot stereograms and circles of the Randot Test. To control for other factors which might influence performance on the tests of stereopsis, patients were compared with healthy controls matched for age, years of education, IQ, and general cognitive ability. Vernier acuity (thought to reflect mainly central processing) and Landolt acuity (more sensitive to retinal and optical abnormalities) were also measured, but the study did not include a formal ophthalmological examination. All controls could perceive depth in random dot stereograms, whereas 9/21 patients could not. Patients who could perceive depth had worse stereoacuity than did their matched controls. The patient group as a whole had worse Vernier and Landolt acuities than the controls. The stereoblind patient subgroup had similar Vernier acuity to the stereoscopic subgroup, but worse Landolt acuity, and was more likely to have peripheral vascular disease. We conclude that ESRD had affected structures both within the eye, and within the visual brain. However, the similarity of Vernier acuity and difference of Landolt acuity in the stereoblind and stereoscopic patient subgroups suggest that the differences in stereoscopic ability arise from abnormalities in the eyes rather than in the brain.

Matched MeSH terms: Depth Perception/physiology*
Fulltext EEG based evaluation of stereoscopic 3D displays for viewer discomfort

Malik AS, Khairuddin RN, Amin HU, Smith ML, Kamel N, Abdullah JM, et al.

Biomed Eng Online, 2015;14:21.
PMID: 25886584 DOI: 10.1186/s12938-015-0006-8

Consumer preference is rapidly changing from 2D to 3D movies due to the sensational effects of 3D scenes, like those in Avatar and The Hobbit. Two 3D viewing technologies are available: active shutter glasses and passive polarized glasses. However, there are consistent reports of discomfort while viewing in 3D mode where the discomfort may refer to dizziness, headaches, nausea or simply not being able to see in 3D continuously.

Matched MeSH terms: Depth Perception/physiology*
Fulltext A Novel Approach for Classifying Native Chinese and Malay Speaking Persons According to Cortical Auditory Evoked Responses

Ibrahim IA, Ting HN, Moghavvemi M

J Int Adv Otol, 2019 Apr;15(1):87-93.
PMID: 30924771 DOI: 10.5152/iao.2019.4553

OBJECTIVES: This study uses a new approach for classifying the human ethnicity according to the auditory brain responses (electroencephalography [EEG] signals) with a high level of accuracy. Moreover, the study presents three different algorithms used to classify the human ethnicity using auditory brain responses. The algorithms were tested on Malays and Chinese as a case study.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The EEG signal was used as a brain response signal, which was evoked by two auditory stimuli (Tones and Consonant Vowels stimulus). The study was carried out on Malaysians (Malay and Chinese) with normal hearing and with hearing loss. A ranking process for the subjects' EEG data and the nonlinear features was used to obtain the maximum classification accuracy.
RESULTS: The study formulated the classification of Normal Hearing Ethnicity Index and Sensorineural Hearing Loss Ethnicity Index. These indices classified the human ethnicity according to brain auditory responses by using numerical values of response signal features. Three classification algorithms were used to verify the human ethnicity. Support Vector Machine (SVM) classified the human ethnicity with an accuracy of 90% in the cases of normal hearing and sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL); the SVM classified with an accuracy of 84%.
CONCLUSION: The classification indices categorized or separated the human ethnicity in both hearing cases of normal hearing and SNHL with high accuracy. The SVM classifier provided a good accuracy in the classification of the auditory brain responses. The proposed indices might constitute valuable tools for the classification of the brain responses according to the human ethnicity.

Matched MeSH terms: Speech Perception/physiology

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