MATERIALS AND METHODS: We collected 54 malignant and 65 benign thyroid lesions diagnosed by histology in Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre between January 2010 and December 2015. All cases were immunohistochemically stained with CK 19 and evaluated by 3 independent observers. The immunostaining patterns were scored based on the intensity and proportion of staining and finally graded as negative, weak positive, moderate positive or strong positive. In addition, the immunostaining scores of the malignant cases were correlated with their TNM pathological tumour stages.

RESULTS: Cytokeratin 19 staining expression was higher in malignant than benign thyroid lesions (p < 0.001) which was most prominent among classical PTC. The four PTC cases that showed negative or weak staining were all follicular variant of PTC. Benign conditions were mostly negative or showed weak positivity. There was no correlation between CK 19 expression and TNM primary tumour stage (pT).

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Formalin-fixed paraffinembedded (FFPE) blocks of muscle-invasive bladder cancer patients receiving cisplatin-based chemotherapy between January 2010 to December 2020 were traced. Immunohistochemistry staining was performed on traced blocks using antibodies to e-cadherin, vimentin and actin, and p53.

RESULTS: p53 and e-cadherin were stained positive in most cases (p=0.515 and 0.242 respectively), although e-cadherin showed stronger positive expression in pre-cisplatin receiving MIBC cases. All the cases stained negative for actin and vimentin except for faint staining observed in one pre-cisplatin case.