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  1. Assessment on Hand Hygiene Knowledge and Practices Among Pre-school Children in Klang Valley
    Tengku Jamaluddin TZM, Mohamed NA, Mohd Rani MD, Ismail Z, Ramli S, Faroque H, et al.
    Glob Pediatr Health, 2020;7:2333794X20976369.
    PMID: 33335950 DOI: 10.1177/2333794X20976369
    Background. Pre-school children are at a higher risk to acquire infectious diseases such as hand, foot and mouth disease due to their immature immune system. Good hand hygiene prevents transmission of infectious diseases. This study aimed to determine the knowledge and practices of hand hygiene among pre-schoolers. Methods. In this prospective, multi-center study, the pre-schools were selected according to the selection criteria. A questionnaire consisting of socio-demographics, knowledge and practices of hand hygiene were administered via face-to-face interview during the pre- and post-intervention period. A total of 435 pre-schoolers aged 5 and 6 years old from 2 pre-schools within Klang Valley, School P (test group) and School C (control group) were involved in this study. The test group was provided with comprehensive hand hygiene education including video on proper handwashing technique during the 2 months intervention period, whereas the control group did not receive any form of intervention. The data were statistically analyzed using descriptive analysis and independent t-test. Results. Majority of pre-schoolers gained knowledge of handwashing from their parents. However, only 63% demonstrated good handwashing technique. Test group were significantly better (P 
  2. Fulltext Effect of hand hygiene intervention on the absenteeism of pre-school children in Klang Valley, Malaysia: a quasi-experimental study
    Mohamed NA, Mohd Rani MD, Tengku Jamaluddin TZM, Ismail Z, Ramli S, Faroque H, et al.
    World J Pediatr, 2020 Aug;16(4):416-421.
    PMID: 31286426 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-019-00283-x
    BACKGROUND: Absenteeism amongst pre-school children is often due to illnesses such as hand, foot, and mouth disease, acute gastroenteritis, cold and flu, which are easily spread amongst them. This is because of weak immunity and lack of knowledge on proper hand hygiene. This quasi-experimental study assessed the efficacy of an intervention consisting of a hand hygiene education programme, along with digital tools in bringing about a change in behaviour and health conditions amongst pre-school children in Klang Valley, Malaysia.

    METHODS: A total of 377 school children, male and female, aged 5-6 years old, participated and were assigned to either the intervention or a control group. During the 2 months intervention period, children in the test group were trained on proper hand hygiene practices and techniques with the aid of the interactive android-based tablets. The numbers of absent days of all the children were recorded for 2 months before the intervention and during the intervention.

    RESULTS: In the test group, there was a 25% increase in the total number of absent days from the pre-intervention period to the intervention period, a much lesser increment observed as compared to that of control group in which the increase was much higher at 89%. Results showed a significant difference (P 

  3. Fulltext Effectiveness of comprehensive hand hygiene module on preschool children in Klang Valley, Malaysia
    Mohd Rani MD, Mohamed NA, Tengku Jamaluddin TZM, Ismail Z, Ramli S, Faroque H, et al.
    Clin Exp Pediatr, 2020 Mar;63(3):115-116.
    PMID: 32023401 DOI: 10.3345/cep.2019.01277
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