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  1. Fasting Ramadan in patients with T1DM - Saudi Arabia versus other countries during the COVID-19 pandemic
    Alamoudi RM, Aljohani NJ, Alfadhli EM, Alzaman N, Alfadhly AF, Kallash MA, et al.
    Diabetes Metab Syndr, 2023 Jan;17(1):102676.
    PMID: 36463695 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2022.102676
    BACKGROUND AND AIMS: To compare Saudi Arabia with other countries regarding patient attitudes towards fasting Ramadan and complications related to fasting during the COVID-19 pandemic.

    METHODS: Data collected from Saudi Arabia and 12 other mostly Muslim majority countries, via physician administered questionnaire within post Ramadan 2020.

    RESULTS: 1485 Type1 diabetes (T1DM) patients analyzed; 705 (47.5%) from Saudi Arabia vs. 780 (52.5%) from other countries. 1056 (71.1%) fasted Ramadan; 636 (90.2%) of Saudi patients vs. 420 (53.8%) of other countries. Experiencing Ramadan during the COVID-19 pandemic did not affect the Saudi T1DM patients' decision to fast while it significantly influenced their decision in other countries (1.4 vs 9.9%, P 

  2. Diabetes and Ramadan: Practical guidelines 2021
    Hassanein M, Afandi B, Yakoob Ahmedani M, Mohammad Alamoudi R, Alawadi F, Bajaj HS, et al.
    Diabetes Res Clin Pract, 2022 Jan 08.
    PMID: 35016991 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2021.109185
    Fasting during Ramadan is one of the five pillars of Islam and is obligatory for all healthy Muslims from the age of puberty. Though individuals with some illness and serious medical conditions, including some people with diabetes, can be exempted from fasting, many will fast anyway. It is of paramount importance that people with diabetes that fast are given the appropriate guidance and receive proper care. The International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and Diabetes and Ramadan (DaR) International Alliance have come together to provide a substantial update to the previous guidelines. This update includes key information on fasting during Ramadan with type 1 diabetes, the management of diabetes in people of elderly ages and pregnant women, the effects of Ramadan on one's mental wellbeing, changes to the risk of macrovascular and microvascular complications, and areas of future research. The IDF-DAR Diabetes and Ramadan Practical Guidelines 2021 seek to improve upon the awareness, knowledge and management of diabetes during Ramadan, and to provide real-world recommendations to health professionals and the people with diabetes who choose to fast.
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