This study describes the review on maintenance related issues during design and construction stage
within construction industry. The paper highlights the causes and errors made during design and
construction stage and their impact during the operation/production/occupancy stage as well as the
maintenance costs associated with it. The study identifies the mistakes in the working processes within
design and construction stage leading to the errors that affect the durability, performance, reliability,
maintainability, availability and safety of the systems. The paper presents a comprehensive review of
the published literatures, journals, technical papers in the related areas in the construction field. The
review highlights the new approaches and decision framework which link the designers and
construction personnel that could reduce the errors and defects in construction which then lead to
maintenance issues and asset management. The factors of accessibility, materials, design and
documentation standardization have been discussed thoroughly for better understanding in improving
maintenance and physical asset management in project commissioning.
The study of Representative Volume Element (RVE) on Composite Material has been performed in the aim to obtain the relation and effect of fiber volume fraction on its tensile properties which is one of the important mechanical properties for composite designers in automotive and aerospace community.The properties such as fibre content, orientation, dimension of constituent fibres (diameter), level of intermixing of fibres, interface bonding between fibre and matrix, and arrangement of fibres between different types of fibres, influences the mechanical properties of hybrid composite.Representative Volume Element (RVE) for each constituent Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) and Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) assumed isotropic behavior for carbon fibre, glass fibre and epoxy resin matrix and assumed to be perfectly bonded interface between fibre and matrix region i.e. strain compatibility at the interface. The scope of study on the micro mechanical modelling via representative volume element (RVE) is limited only to unidirectional composites.The result of parametric study performed deduces that incremental volume fraction of carbon and glass respectively will increase the E11 (Modulus of Elasticity in Tensile Direction) and enhance the tensile properties of both CFRP and GFRP.
Ahmad Fuad Ab Ghani, Mohamad Kamarul Anwar Sahar, Muhammad Ridzuan Husyairi Azmi, Nurul Izzati Medon, Muhammad Syazwan Samsuri, Muhammad Syurabil Abdani
There are several types of grating, such as platform, bridge decks and filters. In design process, there
are several important terms that have to be prioritised; engineering design, strength to weight ratio, cost,
maintainability, reparability etcetera. Advanced materials, such as composite materials offer great
strength to weight ratio and high mechanical properties for grating fabrication. Furthermore the
reparability and maintenance problems could be solved as it is anti corrosion and the long service life
attribute of composite makes it a great design material for replacement of conventional steel or
aluminium. Bio composites, such as bamboo and coir fiber yield advantage in terms of less cost and
abundance availability compared to commercial unidirectional composite materials, such as glass fiber
reinforced polymer (GFRP) and carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) which is considerably
expensive yet possess higher mechanical properties. This papers presents a conceptual design of
grating design utilizing bamboo composite as material. Pugh method has been chosen as design criteria
selection matrix in finalizing the design of industrial grating for scaffolding (Pugh, 1991).