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Fulltext Assessment the Combining Medications with Tobacco during Water-Pipe Smoking among the University Students in Jordan

Shalan N, Jarrar Y, Nasser W, Al Zoubi S, Jarrar Q, Salahat MA, et al.

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2024 Sep 01;25(9):3311-3314.
PMID: 39342611 DOI: 10.31557/APJCP.2024.25.9.3311

BACKGROUND: Water-pipe smoking, popularly known as "hookah" or "shisha," is a widespread social activity in the Middle East, involving the use of a water-filtered device to vaporize flavored tobacco. A concerning trend has emerged as individuals add various drugs to the tobacco mixture, complicating the health implications.
AIMS: This study aimed to explore the prevalence, demographic factors, and motivations behind drug mixing with tobacco in shisha among university students in Jordan.
METHODS: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, a structured questionnaire was used to collect data on participants' demographics, shisha smoking habits, drug mixing practice and the motivations behind it. Four hundred and sixty-nine (469) students, aged 18-30 years, including medical and non-medical students, from two universities in Jordan participated in this study.
RESULTS: Approximately 18% of participants reported mixing drugs with tobacco in shisha, with paracetamol being the predominant choice (80%). Motivations varied, with 42% seeking euphoric effects, 46% a relaxing experience, and 12% a sedative outcome. Males (73%) showed a higher frequency of drug mixing compared to females (27%). In addition, non-medical reported mixing drugs with the tobacco of water-pipe more than medical students.
CONCLUSIONS: This study provides valuable insights into the complex phenomenon of drug mixing with tobacco in water-pipe smoking among university students in Jordan. The findings highlight the need for further research on clinical implications and interventions to address this emerging trend.
Signatures of purifying selection and site-specific positive selection on the mitochondrial DNA of dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius)

Bahbahani H, Al-Zoubi S, Ali F, Afana A, Dashti M, Al-Ateeqi A, et al.

Mitochondrion, 2023 Mar;69:36-42.
PMID: 36690316 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2023.01.004

The two species of the Old World Camelini tribe, dromedary and Bactrian camels, show superior adaptability to the different environmental conditions they populate, e.g. desert, mountains and coastal areas, which might be associated with adaptive variations on their mitochondrial DNA. Here, we investigate signatures of natural selection in the 13-mitochondrial protein-coding genes of different dromedary camel populations from the Arabian Peninsula, Africa and southwest Asia. The full mitogenome sequences of 42 dromedaries, 38 domestic Bactrian, 29 wild Bactrian camels and 31 samples representing the New World Lamini tribe reveal species-wise genetic distinction among Camelidae family species, with no evidence of geographic distinction among dromedary camels. We observe gene-wide signals of adaptive divergence between the Old World and New World camels, with evidence of purifying selection among Old World camel species. Upon comparing the different Camelidae tribes, 27 amino acid substitutions across ten mtDNA protein-coding genes were found to be under positive selection, in which, 24 codons were defined to be under positive adaptive divergence between Old World and New World camels. Seven codons belonging to three genes demonstrated positive selection in dromedary lineage. A total of 89 codons were found to be under positive selection in Camelidae family based on investigating the impact of amino acid replacement on the physiochemical properties of proteins, including equilibrium constant and surrounding hydrophobicity. These mtDNA variants under positive selection in the Camelidae family might be associated with their adaptation to their contrasting environments.

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