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World Workshop on Oral Medicine VII: Functional pathways involving differentially expressed lncRNAs in oral squamous cell carcinoma

Pentenero M, Bowers L, Jayasinghe R, Cheong SC, Farah CS, Kerr AR, et al.

Oral Dis, 2019 Jun;25 Suppl 1:79-87.
PMID: 31140691 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13051

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) modulate gene expression at the epigenetic, transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and are involved in tumorigenesis. They can form complex secondary and tertiary structures and have been shown to act as precursors, enhancers, reservoirs and decoys in the complex endogenous RNA network. They were first reported in relation to oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in 2013. Here, we summarise the functional roles and pathways of the most commonly studied lncRNAs in OSCC. Existing research demonstrates the involvement of lncRNA within pivotal pathways leading to the development and spread of OSCC, including interactions with key cancer-associated microRNAs such as miR-21. The number of studies on lncRNA and OSCC remains limited in this new field. As evidence grows, the tissue-specific expression patterns of lncRNAs should further advance our understanding of the altered regulatory networks in OSCC and possibly reveal new biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
Fulltext World Workshop on Oral Medicine VII: Clinical evidence of differential expression of lncRNAs in oral squamous cell carcinoma: A scoping review

Pentenero M, Bowers LM, Jayasinghe R, Yap T, Cheong SC, Kerr AR, et al.

Oral Dis, 2019 Jun;25 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):88-101.
PMID: 31140697 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13076

BACKGROUND: Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have important roles in regulating gene expression pertaining to cell proliferation, survival, migration and genomic stability. Dysregulated expression of lncRNAs is implicated in cancer initiation, progression and metastasis.
OBJECTIVES: To explore, map and summarize the extent of evidence from clinical studies investigating the differential expression of lncRNAs in oral/tongue squamous cell carcinoma.
METHODS: PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science were used as search engines. Clinical, full-length, English language studies were included. PRISMA-ScR protocol was used to evaluate and present results. The present scoping review summarizes relationships of the differential expression of lncRNAs with the presence of tumour and with clinicopathological features including survival.
RESULTS: Almost half of the investigated transcripts have been explored in more than one study, yet not always with consistent results. The collected data were also compared to the limited studies investigating oral epithelial dysplasia. Data are not easily comparable, first because of different methods used to define what differential expression is, and second because only a limited number of studies performed multivariate analyses to identify clinicopathological features associated with the differentially expressed lncRNAs.
CONCLUSIONS: Standard methods and more appropriate data analyses are needed in order to achieve reliable results from future studies.

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