METHODS: A cross-sectional web-based survey of 123 neurologists and headache specialists with at least 5 years of experience in headache management from 37 countries was carried out. They were classified into Low/Lower-Middle Income Countries (LIC/LMIC) and Upper-Middle Income Countries/High Income Countries (UMIC/HIC) groups in accordance with the World Bank income classifications.
RESULTS: Of 123 participants (median age 42 years; 50.4% males), 52.8% were from LICs/LMICs. Clinicians reported that CAMs were frequently used in both groups, and there was no significant difference in overall frequency of CAM use (p = 0.116). Clinicians in both groups perceived migraine as the most common headache type for which patients used CAM. However, significant differences in CAM modalities were observed. Acupuncture (79.3% vs. 47.7%, p