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  1. Fulltext A Web-Based Intervention for Social Media Addiction Disorder Management in Higher Education: Quantitative Survey Study
    Dogan H, Norman H, Alrobai A, Jiang N, Nordin N, Adnan A
    J Med Internet Res, 2019 10 02;21(10):e14834.
    PMID: 31579018 DOI: 10.2196/14834
    BACKGROUND: Social media addiction disorder has recently become a major concern and has been reported to have negative impacts on postgraduate studies, particularly addiction to Facebook. Although previous studies have investigated the effects of Facebook addiction disorder in learning settings, there still has been a lack of studies investigating the relationship between online intervention features for Facebook addiction focusing on postgraduate studies.

    OBJECTIVE: In an attempt to understand this relationship, this study aimed to carry out an investigation on online intervention features for effective management of Facebook addiction in higher education.

    METHODS: This study was conducted quantitatively using surveys and partial least square-structural equational modeling. The study involved 200 postgraduates in a Facebook support group for postgraduates. The Bergen Facebook Addiction test was used to assess postgraduates' Facebook addiction level, whereas online intervention features were used to assess postgraduates' perceptions of online intervention features for Facebook addiction, which are as follows: (1) self-monitoring features, (2) manual control features, (3) notification features, (4) automatic control features, and (5) reward features.

    RESULTS: The study discovered six Facebook addiction factors (relapse, conflict, salience, tolerance, withdrawal, and mood modification) and five intervention features (notification, auto-control, reward, manual control, and self-monitoring) that could be used in the management of Facebook addiction in postgraduate education. The study also revealed that relapse is the most important factor and mood modification is the least important factor. Furthermore, findings indicated that notification was the most important intervention feature, whereas self-monitoring was the least important feature.

    CONCLUSIONS: The study's findings (addiction factors and intervention features) could assist future developers and educators in the development of online intervention tools for Facebook addiction management in postgraduate education.

  2. Properties of extruded cross-linked waxy maize starches and their effects on extruded oat flour
    Shukri R, Alavi S, Dogan H, Shi YC
    Carbohydr Polym, 2021 Feb 01;253:117259.
    PMID: 33278941 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117259
    The objectives of this study were to study the extrusion of cross-linked waxy maize starches (CLWMS) with different cross-linking levels and their function as a secondary ingredient in extruded oat flour (OF) formulations. CLWMS (18 %) and OF (82 %) were hydrated to 20 % moisture content and subjected to twin-screw extrusion at the screw speed of 350 rpm. Low cross-linking level of CLWMS (0.05 % sodium trimetaphosphate/sodium tripolyphosphate) in OF formulation increased the void fraction and reduced the breaking strength of extrudates. The low cross-linked starch was more resistant to breakdown and had a higher pasting viscosity than the unmodified starch. Higher cross-linking levels of CLWMS restricted swelling of starch granule and increased the resistant starch level of OF formulation but had very poor structural and textural properties. Varying the level of cross-linking offers an alternative way to manipulate the structural, textural and nutritional properties of extrudates in snack and cereal applications.
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