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Financial strain, social relations, and psychological distress among older people: a cross-cultural analysis

Ferraro KF, Su Y

J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci, 1999 Jan;54(1):S3-15.
PMID: 9934397

OBJECTIVES: This article examines how financial strain and social relations may independently and jointly influence psychological distress among older people in four nations.
METHODS: Data from four Western Pacific nations (N = 3,277) are used to test additive and multiplicative models of the relationships between financial strain, social relations, and psychological distress.
RESULTS: Financial strain is associated with higher levels of psychological distress in three of the four nations. Interactive models of the effects of financial strain and social relations on distress were uncovered in three of the four nations, but the type of social relation influencing the strain-distress relationship varied. Subjective-health and IADLs were significant predictors of psychological distress in all four nations.
DISCUSSION: Findings suggest that although financial strain is quite likely to lead to psychological distress among elders, this can be mitigated, at least in part, by social relationships. Modernization was not associated with higher psychological distress.
Social relations and health assessments among older people: do the effects of integration and social contributions vary cross-culturally?

Su YP, Ferraro KF

J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci, 1997 Jan;52B(1):S27-36.
PMID: 9008679

Research on health assessments has shown the importance of social relations as a factor influencing health, especially among older people. Drawing upon sociological theories of social integration and social exchange, this research examines two domains of social relations which are expected to influence assessed health. In addition, the study uses a cross-national sample (N = 3,407) of noninstitutionalized older people from the Republic of Korea, Fiji, Malaysia, and the Philippines to determine if modernization conditions the relationships between social relations and health. Results indicate that social integration has a positive effect on subjective health assessments in all nations, whereas social contributions are significant only in Korea. Findings suggest that health assessments by elders in the most modernized nations appear to be much more influenced by the contributions they make to the social order than is the case in nations which are less modernized.

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