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  1. Harun NA, Finlay AY, Salek M, Piguet V
    Br J Dermatol, 2016 Sep;175(3):572-82.
    PMID: 27060980 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.14650
    BACKGROUND: Although multiple factors influence discharge decisions, there is no structured guidance to assist clinicians in making informed decisions. A discharge information checklist might improve the appropriateness of dermatology clinicians' discharge decisions.

    OBJECTIVES: To generate consensus among dermatologists on the content of an outpatient discharge checklist, to create one and to seek clinicians' opinions on its usefulness.

    METHODS: Seventeen consultant dermatologists from five National Health Service trusts completed a 72-item Delphi questionnaire. A five-point Likert scale was used to rate each item for importance in contributing to a high-quality discharge decision. Eighteen clinicians completed a questionnaire evaluating checklist use.

    RESULTS: Consensus was determined when ≥ 75% of consultants rated an item 'very important' or 'important'. There was strong inter-rater reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0·958) and fair inter-rater agreement (Fleiss kappa = 0·269). There were 26 consensus-agreed items, condensed to 13 that formed the 'traffic-light' checklist. These are disease-related issues (diagnostic certainty, disease severity, treatment appropriateness, patient manageable in primary care, patient's benefit from follow-up), patient empowerment issues (understanding diagnosis and treatment outcome, having a clear plan, treatment side-effects, ability to self-manage) and addressing concerns (patient concerns, easy reaccess to secondary care, whether patient and clinician are happy with the decision). Twelve clinicians (67%) found the checklist useful, 11 (61%) wanted to use it in future, 10 (56%) thought it was useful for training and three (17%) said it helped their thinking. Clinicians suggested its use for auditing and for training clinicians and administrators.

    CONCLUSIONS: Items were identified to create an outpatient discharge information checklist, which demonstrated high acceptability.

  2. Harun NA, Finlay AY, Salek MS, Piguet V
    Br J Dermatol, 2015 Sep;173(3):720-30.
    PMID: 26076194 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.13946
    BACKGROUND: Outpatient discharge decision making in dermatology is poorly understood.
    OBJECTIVE: To identify the influences on clinicians' thought processes when making discharge decisions in dermatology outpatient clinics.
    METHODS: Forty clinicians from 11 National Health Service Trusts in England were interviewed. The interviews were audiorecorded, transcribed, coded and thematically analysed.
    RESULTS: The mean age of the clinicians was 48.8 years (range 33.0-67.0), 17 (43%) were men and 19 (48%) had > 20 years of clinical experience. One hundred and forty-eight influences were reported, with five main themes: (i) disease-based influences included type of diagnosis (100% of clinicians), guidelines (100%) and treatment needed (100%); (ii) clinician-based influences included the clinician's level of experience (100%), seniority (37%), emotional attitude (95%), 'gut feeling' (25%), personal attitude towards discharge (45%) and level of perception (100%); (iii) patient-based influences included patients' ability to cope with their disease (100%), wishes (70%), quality of life (32%), command of English (40%) and cultural background (25%); (iv) practice-based influences included good primary care (100%), secondary support structure (100%) and clinic capacity pressure (67%); (v) policy-based influences included pressure from hospital managers (57%) and an active discharge policy (7%). Fourteen (9%) influences were potentially inappropriate.
    CONCLUSION: This study has identified multiple factors influencing outpatient discharge decision making. This provides the basis for developing evidence-based training to improve discharge decision appropriateness.
  3. Fernie BA, Finlay A, Price D, Chan E, Orren A, Joysey VC, et al.
    Exp. Clin. Immunogenet., 1996;13(2):92-103.
    PMID: 9063701
    Five polymorphisms in the C6 and C7 genes have been investigated in seven ethnic groups. The allele frequencies are broadly similar in most groups except C7 M/N which is monomorphic in our group of Africans, and C6 MspI and C7 S367T where the allele frequencies in African and Cape Coloured subjects are very different from the other ethnic groups. There is very little allelic association except between C6 A/B and C6 MspI. Seventeen of the 32 possible haplotypes have been observed, suggesting that much recombination has taken place. We describe a new method for the investigation of the MspI RFLP located in intron 3 of C6 (approximately 3 kbp 3' from exon 3 and 1.5 kbp 5' from exon 4) and its molecular basis, together with an improved method for the isolation of DNA from stored serum.
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