SUMMARY: The radiographic changes included a slight root lengthening and thickening and apex closure. Histologic evaluation revealed a fibrous connective tissue with an inflammatory infiltrate in the canal space. In the apical region, cementum-like irregular mineralization developed toward the center, giving the appearance of a closed apex. Root thickening, increase in length, and radiographic closure of the apex occurred due to cemental hyperplasia.
CONCLUSION: After 4 years following REP in an immature mandibular premolar with apical periodontitis, granulation tissue had formed in the root canal, indicating repair and not regeneration.