Over the last two decades, researchers have paid more attention to magnetic nanosystems due to their wide application in diverse fields. The metal nanomaterials' antimicrobial and biocidal properties make them an essential nanosystem for biomedical applications. Moreover, the magnetic nanosystems could have also been used for diagnosis and treatment because of their magnetic, optical, and fluorescence properties. Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) and quantum dots (QDs) are the most widely used magnetic nanosystems prepared by a simple process. By surface modification, researchers have recently been working on conjugating metals like silica, copper, and gold with magnetic nanosystems. This hybridization of the nanosystems modifies the structural characteristics of the nanomaterials and helps to improve their efficacy for targeted drug and gene delivery. The hybridization of metals with various nanomaterials like micelles, cubosomes, liposomes, and polymeric nanomaterials is gaining more interest due to their nanometer size range and nontoxic, biocompatible nature. Moreover, they have good injectability and higher targeting ability by accumulation at the target site by application of an external magnetic field. The present article discussed the magnetic nanosystem in more detail regarding their structure, properties, interaction with the biological system, and diagnostic applications.
Acne is a skin disease that impacts 9.4% of the world's population. Available treatments for managing acne include retinoid-like drugs, antibiotics, corticosteroids, photo, and radiotherapy. Howevere, the aforementioned treatments have certain limitations such as possibility of developing skin cancer from tetracycline, doxycycline, and corticosteroids, microbial resistance to antibiotics, and deadly side effects, and so forth. Repurposing of existing therapeutics having excellent safety profile can be promising way to treat acne efficiently. The repurposed drugs and phytoceuticals from diverse classes have demonstrated promising effects in treating acne. These repurposed drugs have displayed antiacne effectiveness by targeting single or multiple signaling pathways. Various repurposed therapeutics undergoing clinical trials at different phases demonstrated their safety and efficacy in treating acne. Despite being a very good, safe, and less time-consuming strategy, drug repurposing (DR) faces multiple challenges such as lack of regulatory guidelines, preservation of intellectual property, and clinical validation of claimed therapeutic indication. DR appears to be a viable approach and is likely to offer effective treatment at a reasonable cost in alleviating acne.