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Fulltext Methyl 2-(3-benzoyl-thio-ureido)acetate

Hassan IN, Yamin BM, Kassim MB

Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online, 2009;65(Pt 12):o3078.

PMID: 21578808 DOI: 10.1107/S1600536809046169

In the title compound, C(11)H(12)N(2)O(3)S, the methyl acetate and benzoyl groups adopt a cis-trans configuration with respect to the thiono S atom across the C-N bonds. An intra-molecular N-H⋯O hydrogen bond is observed. In the crystal packing, mol-ecules are linked by inter-molecular N-H⋯S and C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds to form a two-dimensional network lying parallel to (101).

Fulltext Cinnamoyl-thio-urea

Hassan IN, Yamin BM, Kassim MB

Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online, 2010;66(Pt 11):o2796.

PMID: 21588993 DOI: 10.1107/S1600536810040018

IN THE TITLE COMPOUND [SYSTEMATIC NAME: 1-(3-phenyl-prop-2-eno-yl)thio-urea], C(10)H(10)N(2)OS, the acetyl-thio-urea fragment and the phenyl ring adopt an E configuration. The roughly planar but-2-enoyl-thio-urea fragment [maximum deviation = 0.053 (3) Å] forms a dihedral of 10.54 (11)° with the phenyl ring. An intra-molecular N-H⋯O hydrogen bond generates an S(6) ring. In the crystal, mol-ecules are linked into sheets parallel to (100) by N-H⋯S hydrogen bonds.

Fulltext (E)-Ethyl 2-(3-cinnamoyl-thio-ureido)acetate

Hassan IN, Yamin BM, Kassim MB

Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online, 2010;66(Pt 11):o2784.

PMID: 21588982 DOI: 10.1107/S1600536810037918

In the title compound, C(14)H(16)N(2)O(3)S, the phenyl ring and the ethyl 2-(3-formyl-thio-ureido)acetate fragment adopt an E configuration with respect to the C=C bond. An intra-molecular N-H⋯O hydrogen bond generating an S(6) ring motif is observed. In the crystal, mol-ecules are linked by N-H⋯S, C-H⋯S and C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming sheets lying parallel to the ab plane.

Fulltext (E)-Methyl 2-(3-cinnamoyl-thio-ureido)acetate

Hassan IN, Yamin BM, Kassim MB

Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online, 2010;66(Pt 9):o2242.

PMID: 21588609 DOI: 10.1107/S1600536810030084

In the title compound, C(13)H(14)N(2)O(3)S, the methyl 2-(3-formyl-thio-ureido)acetate fragment and the phenyl ring adopt an E configuration. The mol-ecule exhibits an intra-molecular N-H⋯O hydrogen bond, which completes a six-membered ring. The crystal packing is stabilized by inter-molecular N-H⋯S contacts, generating a two-dimensional hydrogen-bonding network.

Fulltext Ethyl 2-(3-benzoyl-thio-ureido)acetate

Hassan IN, Yamin BM, Kassim MB

Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online, 2008;64(Pt 9):o1727.

PMID: 21201710 DOI: 10.1107/S1600536808024896

The title compound, C(12)H(14)N(2)O(3)S, adopts a cis-trans geometry of the thio-urea group and is stabilized by intra-molecular hydrogen bonds between the carbonyl O atoms and the H atom of the thio-amide group and by a C-H⋯S interaction. Mol-ecules are linked by two inter-molecular hydrogen bonds (C-H⋯O and N-H⋯O), forming a one-dimensional chain parallel to the c axis.

Fulltext Butyl 2-(3-benzoyl-thio-ureido)acetate

Hassan IN, Yamin BM, Kassim MB

Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online, 2008;64(Pt 11):o2167.

PMID: 21581027 DOI: 10.1107/S1600536808033540

In the title compound, C(14)H(18)N(2)O(3)S, the butyl acetate fragment and the benzoyl group adopt a cis-trans configuration, respectively, with respect to the thiono S atom across the C-N bonds. In the crystal packing, the mol-ecules are linked by inter-molecular N-H⋯O and C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds to form a one-dimensional chain along the c axis. The terminal butyl C atom is disordered with occupancies 0.82 (2)and 0.18 (2).

Fulltext Propyl 2-(3-benzoyl-thio-ureido)acetate

Hassan IN, Yamin BM, Kassim MB

Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online, 2008;64(Pt 11):o2083.

PMID: 21580948 DOI: 10.1107/S1600536808030596

The title compound, C(13)H(16)N(2)O(3)S, is a thio-urea derivative with benzoyl and propoxycarbonyl-methyl groups attached to the two terminal N atoms. These groups adopt trans and cis configurations, respectively, with respect to the S atom across the thio-urea C-N bonds. The compound crystallizes in the P2(1)/c space group with Z = 8, resulting in two unique molecules in the asymmetric unit linked by C-H⋯S and C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming a one-dimensional zigzag chain along the c axis.

Fulltext 1,1'-Diphenyl-3,3'-(p-phenyl-enedicarbon-yl)dithio-urea

Hung WW, Hassan IN, Yamin BM, Kassim MB

Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online, 2010;66(Pt 2):o314.

PMID: 21579744 DOI: 10.1107/S1600536809055834

The mol-ecule of the title compound, C(22)H(18)N(4)O(2)S(2), lies across a crystallographic inversion centre. The central benzene ring forms dihedral angles of 29.39 (9) and 79.11 (12)°, respectively, with the thio-urea unit and the terminal phenyl ring. Intra-molecular N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds generate two S(6) ring motifs. In the crystal, mol-ecules are linked into chains along [10] by inter-molecular N-H⋯S hydrogen bonds.

Global Burden of Elevated LDL-C: Findings From the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023

GBD 2023 LDL Cholesterol Collaborators, Razo C, DeCleene NK, Johnson CO, Stark BA, LeGrand K, et al.

JAMA, 2026 Aug 25;336(8):673-698.

PMID: 42525403 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2026.8628

IMPORTANCE: Elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is a modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of premature death worldwide. Assessing the LDL-C-related burden is critical for guiding prevention and treatment strategies.

OBJECTIVES: To estimate the global, regional, and national burden of ischemic heart disease and ischemic stroke attributable to elevated LDL-C (relative to 35-54 mg/dL) from 1990 to 2023 and to quantify the contributions of population growth, aging, risk-deleted burden, and exposure changes to burden trends.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND POPULATION: This comparative risk assessment, part of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023, estimated population-level LDL-C exposure and associated health loss in 204 countries and territories. Mean LDL-C levels were estimated using spatiotemporal gaussian process regression based on 806 studies across 161 countries. Relative risks were derived from meta-analyses of 38 randomized clinical trials. Population-attributable fractions for deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) were estimated by age and sex for adults aged 25 years or older from 1990 to 2023, with 95% uncertainty intervals.

EXPOSURE: Population-level LDL-C concentrations.

MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Population-attributable fractions, counts, and rates (all ages and age standardized per 100 000) of LDL-C-attributable deaths and DALYs from ischemic heart disease and ischemic stroke, with uncertainty intervals.

RESULTS: In 2023, elevated LDL-C accounted for 3.6 million deaths (95% uncertainty interval, 2.2-5.4 million; 6.0% of global mortality) and 90.7 million DALYs (95% uncertainty interval, 58.9-123.3 million; 3.2% of DALYs). Although global all-ages rates remained stable, age-standardized death and DALY rates decreased by 45.6% and 39.5%, respectively, since 1990. In 2023, age-standardized LDL-C-attributable DALY rates were highest in Eastern Europe and lowest in high-income Asia-Pacific. One-third of the global LDL-C burden occurred in India and China. Population growth and aging drove the increasing burden, with notable regional disparities in LDL-C exposure and risk-deleted DALY rates shifting toward middle-sociodemographic settings.

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Despite declining age-standardized rates, the absolute LDL-C burden has increased since 1990 due to demographic changes and has shifted toward middle-sociodemographic countries. Measurement and surveillance gaps persist. Strengthened prevention, diagnosis, and treatment access strategies are essential to mitigate the health burden of LDL-C.

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