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  1. Higgins S, Stoner L, Lubransky A, Howe AS, Wong JE, Black K, et al.
    Sleep Med, 2020 11;75:163-170.
    PMID: 32858356 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2020.07.030
    INTRODUCTION: Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is a vital sign that can improve risk classification for adverse health outcomes. While lifestyle-related factors are associated with CRF, few have examined the influence of sleep characteristics, especially in youths. Social jetlag, a mismatch between one's biological clock and sleep schedule, is prevalent in adolescents and associated with increased adiposity, though its relationship with CRF is unclear.

    OBJECTIVE: To quantify the relationship between social jetlag and CRF, independent of other sleep characteristics.

    METHODS: This cross-sectional sample includes 276 New Zealand adolescents (14-18 years, 52.5% female). CRF (VO2max) was estimated from a 20-m multi-stage shuttle run. Average sleep duration, sleep disturbances, social jetlag, physical activity, and the number of bedroom screens were estimated from validated self-report surveys. Social jetlag is the difference in hours between the midpoint of sleep during weekdays (school) and weekend days (free). Combined and sex-stratified linear regression assessed the association between sleep outcomes and CRF, controlling for relevant covariates.

    RESULTS: Males slept 17.6 min less, had less sleep disturbances, and a 25.1-min greater social jetlag than their female peers (all p 

  2. Higgins S, Stoner L, Black K, Wong JE, Quigg R, Meredith-Jones K, et al.
    Sleep Med, 2021 08;84:294-302.
    PMID: 34217919 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2021.06.014
    INTRODUCTION: Social jetlag has been reported to predict obesity-related indices, independent of sleep duration, with associations in female adolescents but not males. However, such sex-specific relationships have not been investigated in pre-adolescents.

    OBJECTIVES: To examine: (i) the relationships between sleep characteristics, including social jetlag, and obesity-related outcomes during childhood, and (ii) whether these relationships are moderated by sex.

    METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 381 children aged 9-11 years (49.6% female). Average sleep duration, social jetlag, and physical activity were assessed via wrist-worn accelerometry. Sleep disturbances were quantified from the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire. Obesity-related outcomes included age-specific body mass index Z-scores (zBMI) and waist-to-height ratio. Additionally % fat, total fat mass, and fat mass index were assessed via bioelectrical impedance analysis. Linear mixed models that nested children within schools were used to identify relationships among sleep characteristics and obesity-related outcomes.

    RESULTS: Positive associations between social jetlag with zBMI, % fat, and fat mass index were seen in univariable and unadjusted multivariable analyses. Following adjustments for known confounders, social jetlag remained significantly associated with zBMI (β = 0.12, p = 0.013). Simple slopes suggested a positive association in girls (β = 0.19, p = 0.006) but not in boys (β = 0.03, p = 0.703).

    CONCLUSIONS: Obesity prevention efforts, particularly in girls, may benefit from targeted approaches to improving the consistency of sleep timing in youth.

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