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  1. Fulltext Successful surgical strategy for ventral thoracic spinal perimedullary spinal arteriovenous fistulas: Case report
    Subramaniam SM, Ishii K, Sheng CJ, Nakatomi H, Takai K, Saito N
    Surg Neurol Int, 2019;10:251.
    PMID: 31893152 DOI: 10.25259/SNI_516_2019
    Background: Spinal arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) are vascular lesions that often pose significant surgical challenges. This is particularly true for those located close to the anterior spinal artery. Here, we analyzed the surgical options for treating an anterior perimedullary AVF (pAVFs).

    Case Description: A 66-year-old male with the right lower extremity weakness was diagnosed with a spinal dural AVF at the L1 level. It was initially treated with open surgery followed by CyberKnife radiosurgery at another institution. Five years later, he presented with a persistent pAVF fistula now involving the T11 level; the major feeder originated on the left at the T7-T8 level (e.g., involving a left-sided "duplicated" anterior spinal artery). Utilizing a three-dimensional (3D) computer tomography (CT) guided approach; he underwent a left-sided posterolateral T10-T12 laminectomy, sufficient to allow for 30-40° of anterior spinal cord rotation. This was performed under neurophysiological monitoring without any significant changes. Surgery included indocyanine green video angiography, temporary feeder clipping, and complete occlusion of the AVF, followed by complete clipping/resection as confirmed on postoperative magnetic resonance imaging.

    Conclusion: Utilizing a 3D CT image, a ventral pulmonary arteriovenous malformation was excised utilizing a left-sided posterolateral approach allowing for 30-40° of cord rotation.

  2. Chiroptical Response Inversion and Enhancement of Room-Temperature Exciton-Polaritons Using 2D Chirality in Perovskites
    Wang Z, Lin CC, Murata K, Kamal ASA, Lin BW, Chen MH, et al.
    Adv Mater, 2023 Oct;35(42):e2303203.
    PMID: 37587849 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202303203
    Although chiral semiconductors have shown promising progress in direct circularly polarized light (CPL) detection and emission, they still face potential challenges. A chirality-switching mechanism or approach integrating two enantiomers is needed to discriminate the handedness of a given CPL; additionally, a large material volume is required for sufficient chiroptical interaction. These two requirements pose significant obstacles to the simplification and miniaturization of the devices. Here, room-temperature chiral polaritons fulfilling dual-handedness functions and exhibiting a more-than-two-order enhancement of the chiroptical signal are demonstrated, by embedding a 40 nm-thick perovskite film with a 2D chiroptical effect into a Fabry-Pérot cavity. By mixing chiral perovskites with different crystal structures, a pronounced 2D chiroptical effect is accomplished in the perovskite film, featured by an inverted chiroptical response for counter-propagating CPL. This inversion behavior matches the photonic handedness switch during CPL circulation in the Fabry-Pérot cavity, thus harvesting giant enhancement of the chiroptical response. Furthermore, affected by the unique quarter-wave-plate effects, the polariton emission achieves a chiral dissymmetry of ±4% (for the emission from the front and the back sides). The room-temperature polaritons with the strong dissymmetric chiroptical interaction shall have implications on a fundamental level and future on-chip applications for biomolecule analysis and quantum computing.
  3. Did Descriptive and Prescriptive Norms About Gender Equality at Home Change During the COVID-19 Pandemic? A Cross-National Investigation
    Saxler FM, Dorrough AR, Froehlich L, Block K, Croft A, Meeussen L, et al.
    Pers Soc Psychol Bull, 2024 Jan 29.
    PMID: 38284645 DOI: 10.1177/01461672231219719
    Using data from 15 countries, this article investigates whether descriptive and prescriptive gender norms concerning housework and child care (domestic work) changed after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Results of a total of 8,343 participants (M = 19.95, SD = 1.68) from two comparable student samples suggest that descriptive norms about unpaid domestic work have been affected by the pandemic, with individuals seeing mothers' relative to fathers' share of housework and child care as even larger. Moderation analyses revealed that the effect of the pandemic on descriptive norms about child care decreased with countries' increasing levels of gender equality; countries with stronger gender inequality showed a larger difference between pre- and post-pandemic. This study documents a shift in descriptive norms and discusses implications for gender equality-emphasizing the importance of addressing the additional challenges that mothers face during health-related crises.
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