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  1. Lau, Poh Lin, Affam, Augustine Chioma
    MyJurnal
    Organophosphates (OPs) are insecticide used to replace the persistence organochlorines (OCs). OPs are the effective insecticide used to control pests to enhance crops productions. Due to the strong recalcitrant properties, OPs cannot totally be degraded by conventional wastewater treatment process and the effluent causes negative impacts to the environment. The effectiveness of the AOPs is relied on the strong radical namely hydroxyl radicals (•OH) which can convert the pollutants into less harmful products. Photocatalysis is one of the AOPs widely practiced in water treatment process. A good photocatalyst must able to promote the electron from its valance band to the conduction band and the prevent the photogenerated electrons from returning to its valance band. The electron generated was further reacted with oxygen to form peroxyl radicals, •O2-. The hole (h+) formed was then react with water molecule to form •OH. Titanium dioxide, TiO2 is well known photocatalyst which only can be activated under ultra-violet light. Visible light photocatalysts are in the current research trend as they are found to be an effective method to degrade contaminants in wastewater. Various type of dopants has been doped on the TiO2 with different method purposely to shift the absorption of light from the UV light region to visible light region. The purpose of this review is to present the studies on different preparation method of the modified TiO2 and application of the modified TiO2 in degrading different types of OP pesticides. Finally, the need for present and further research on OPs wastewater also briefly discussed.
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