Intangible cultural heritage (ICH) terms are unique expressions of cultural knowledge and practices that are deeply rooted in a particular region or community. Accurately translating ICH terms is crucial for sharing this knowledge and promoting cross-cultural understanding. However, the complex nature of ICH terms, including their regional and cultural specificity, means that mistranslations can easily occur during the translation process. In addition to linguistic and cultural barriers, psychological factors can also impact the accuracy of translations. Translation psychology, a new discipline that examines the psychological process of bilingual conversion and its cognitive mechanisms, can provide insights into the translation of ICH terms. This paper proposes an information processing model of translating ICH terms based on translation psychology, which examines the psychological processes of translators during the translation of Chinese ICH terms into English. Through questionnaires and translation exercises, the study compares and analyzes the psychological activity process of the translators, verifies the expression of translation psychology in the translation of ICH terms, and identifies the characteristics of students' translations. The study's subjects were non-English major sophomores with diverse academic backgrounds, randomly sampled from a representative polytechnic university in Guangdong. The findings of this study are significant for improving the quality of translations and promoting cross-cultural understanding of ICH terms. By understanding the psychological factors involved in the translation of ICH terms, we can overcome language and cultural barriers and accurately convey the rich cultural heritage embodied in these terms.
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) has become the primary cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD), causing an urgent need for preventive strategies for DKD. Astragaloside I (ASI), a bioactive saponin extracted from Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge has been demonstrated to possess a variety of biological activities. This study investigates the therapeutic potential of ASI in DKD and the underlying molecular mechanism using db/db mice in vivo and high glucose (HG)-induced SV40-MES-13 cells in vitro. The results indicated that ASI significantly ameliorated renal dysfunction and mitigated the pathological alterations in the renal tissues of db/db mice. Moreover, ASI was found to reduce the levels of renal fibrosis makers and suppress the activation of TGF-β1/Smad2/3 pathway in both db/db mice and HG-induced SV40-MES-13 cells. Furthermore, ASI downregulated HDAC3 expression, upregulated Klotho expression, and enhanced Klotho release. ASI is directly bound to HDAC3, and the beneficial effects of ASI on Klotho/TGF-β1/Smad2/3-mediciated renal fibrosis in DKD were reversed by the HDAC3 agonist ITSA-1. In conclusion, ASI attenuates renal fibrosis in DKD, and may act through concurrently inhibiting HDAC3 and TGF-β1, thereby regulating HDAC3-mediciated Klotho/TGF-β1/Smad2/3 pathway.
COVID-19 became a global pandemic in 2020 and significantly affected the activity of hematopoietic cell transplants (HCT) worldwide. Despite these challenges, a total of 28,793 transplants, including 18,518 allogeneic and 10,275 autologous transplants, were performed in 719 facilities in 2020 in the Asia-Pacific (AP) region. This represented a 5.1% increase in allogeneic transplants and a 3.1% increase in autologous transplants, an overall increase of 4.4% compared to the numbers in 2019. With respect to the donor source, haploidentical transplants increased significantly by 18.6%, related transplants by 8.8%, and cord blood transplants (CBT) by 9.2%. However, the number of unrelated transplants, excluding CBT, decreased for the first time by 8.2%. As a result, COVID-19 facilitated the growth of haploidentical transplants due to cross-border restrictions. Regarding the changes in the total number of transplants by country/region in 2020, it increased by 2,048 transplants in China, followed by Japan (210 transplants) and Korea (230 transplants); however, 14 of the 22 countries and regions decreased their number of transplants in 2020 compared to the previous year. There was no correlation between the increase or decrease in the number of transplants in 2020 and the Gross National Income (GNI) per capita of each country/region in 2020, as well as Domestic General Government Health Expenditure as a percentage of General Government Expenditure (GGHE-D/GGE). In 2021, the total number of transplants in this region was 34,754. With the exception of a few countries/regions that decreased the number of transplants in 2020, most countries/regions have started to see a recovery in 2021. The COVID-19 pandemic significantly affected the supply chain and logistics involved in HCT rather than its numbers; however, we have found ways to overcome logistical challenges to carry out transplant medicine without delay, even under these circumstances.