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Belongingness in the workplace: a study of Malaysian nurses' experiences

Mohamed Z, Newton JM, McKenna L

Int Nurs Rev, 2014 Mar;61(1):124-30.
PMID: 24512262 DOI: 10.1111/inr.12078

The need to belong has been proposed as the most basic need for human psychological well-being. Lack of belongingness has been associated with stress, anxiety and lack of esteem. Social and psychological functioning in the workplace has been linked to nurses' interconnection with others and their perceptions of belongingness.
The effect of peer learning on professional competence development among Indonesian undergraduate nursing students: A quasi-experimental study

Nelwati, Abdullah KL, Chong MC, McKenna L

J Prof Nurs, 2020 03 19;36(6):477-483.
PMID: 33308543 DOI: 10.1016/j.profnurs.2020.03.008

BACKGROUND: Peer learning has enabled undergraduate nursing students to develop competence and clinical skills. It is rare to find quantitative studies examining the effect of peer learning on professional competence development among undergraduate nursing students comprehensively.
OBJECTIVE: To examine the effect of peer learning on professional competence development among Indonesian undergraduate nursing students.
DESIGN: A quasi-experimental study with non-equivalent control group pre-test post-test design.
PARTICIPANTS: Convenience sampling was used to recruit participants. Seventy-five students completed the study (37 in the intervention group and 38 in the control group).
METHODS: The intervention group received the peer learning program, while the control group received conventional learning during clinical practice. The Nurse Professional Competence (NPC) was used to collect data at pre-test and post-test measurement. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics.
RESULTS: Professional competence had significantly increased in the intervention group. A significant interaction effect of time (pre-test and post-test) and group on professional competence development was also found. The effect of peer learning on professional competence development was significantly greater than the conventional method.
CONCLUSION: Peer learning was demonstrated as an innovative learning method to develop professional competence during clinical practice among Indonesian undergraduate nursing students. It is recommended for nurse educators to consider implementing peer learning during clinical education.
Fulltext Validating an Instrument for Measuring Newly Graduated Nurses' Adaptation

Baharum H, Ismail A, Awang Z, McKenna L, Ibrahim R, Mohamed Z, et al.

Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2023 Feb 06;20(4).
PMID: 36833559 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20042860

A long-established approach, Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) is used to validate measurement models of latent constructs. Employing CFA can be useful for assessing the validity and reliability of such models. The study adapted previous instruments and modified them to suit the current setting. The new measurement model is termed NENA-q. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) revealed the instruments of the NENA-q model formed a construct of the second order with four dimensions, namely organizational contribution (OC), academic institution contribution (AIC), personality traits (PT), and newly employed nurses' adaptation (NENA). Researchers administered the questionnaires to a sample of 496 newly employed nurses working in hospitals under the Ministry of Health (MOH) for the confirmation of the extracted dimensions. The study performed a two-step CFA procedure to validate NENA-q since the model involves higher-order constructs. The first step was individual CFA, while the second step was pooled CFA. The validation procedure through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) found the model achieved the threshold of construct validity through fitness index assessment. The model also achieved convergent validity when all average variance extracted (AVE) exceeded the threshold value of greater than 0.5. The assessment of the composite reliability (CR) value indicates all CR values exceeded the threshold value of 0.6, which indicates the construct achieved composite reliability. Overall, the NENA-q model consisting of the OC construct, AIC construct, PT construct, and NENA construct for CFA has met the fitness indexes and passed the measurements of the AVE, CR, and normality test. Once the measurement models have been validated through CFA procedure, the researcher can assemble these constructs into structural model and estimate the required parameter through structural equation modelling (SEM) procedure.
Success factors in adaptation of newly graduated nurses: a scoping review

Baharum H, Ismail A, McKenna L, Mohamed Z, Ibrahim R, Hassan NH

BMC Nurs, 2023 Apr 18;22(1):125.
PMID: 37069647 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-023-01300-1

BACKGROUND: Difficulties in adapting to the workplace can affect newly graduated nurses' transition. Such nurses must adapt quickly, as it can affect their future career prospects. Therefore, this review aimed to identify the success factors that promote newly graduated nurses' effective transition and adaptation.
METHODS: The Joanna Briggs Institute scoping reviews methodology was used. Data were extracted from MEDLINE, Scopus, EBSCOhost, and Web of Science publications published between 2011 and 2020. A total of 23 articles were included in this review, which comprised qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods primary research studies focusing on the contributing factors that aided newly graduated nurses' adaptation to the work environment during their transition period. Key emerging themes were identified with thematic analysis.
RESULTS: Three main themes were identified: (1) organisational contribution (social development, organisational culture, work characteristics, work readiness, work commitment, professional role), (2) personality traits (self-embodiment, personality masking, being proactive and confident), and (3) academic institutions (pre-entry knowledge and role of nursing faculty). Newly graduated nurses' adaptation should begin during nursing education, be supported by the workplace organisation, and driven by the nurse's personality. We determined that that the role of nursing education in aiding the provision of the required knowledge and actual clinical experiences to students profoundly affected developing nurses' self-confidence levels in delivering nursing care effectively. Additionally, a warm environment supported nurses emotionally and physically.
CONCLUSIONS: While organisations and educational institutions have undertaken numerous efforts to ensure that newly graduated nurses are adequately supported, the nurse's personality and values are also equally important to ease adaptation during the transition process. Academic and workplace programs designed for newly graduated nurses should apply and emphasise this knowledge to develop and strengthen their personalities and values, especially to increase confidence and promote proactive values that facilitate newly graduated nurses' rapid and effective adaptation to their new employment.
Fulltext The influencing factors of newly employed nurses' adaptation in Malaysia: a structural equation modelling assessment

Baharum H, Ismail A, Awang Z, McKenna L, Ibrahim R, Mohamed Z, et al.

BMC Nurs, 2024 Dec 03;23(1):879.
PMID: 39627761 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-024-02543-2

BACKGROUND: Graduate nurses commonly experience the transition phase and are required to adapt quickly to their new workplace, as it is a prerequisite for a successful transition. However, workplace adaptation is extremely challenging and may affect nurses' future career prospects if not managed properly. Therefore, we aimed to determine the factors that facilitate newly employed nurses' adaptation and integration at Ministry of Health (MOH)-run state hospitals in Malaysia. The study framework was derived and adapted from the Roy adaptation model and organisational socialisation theories.
METHODS: This quantitative study was conducted from May 2021 to December 2021. The sample population was newly employed nurses working at state hospitals with 1-2 years of service experience. This study involved 496 newly hired nurses from MOH state hospitals. Questionnaires were distributed through Google Forms. The data were analysed using covariance-based structural equation modelling.
RESULTS: The participants perceived that workplace organisation (OC), academic institution contribution (AIC), and new nurse's personality traits (PT) contributed approximately 36% to newly employed nurses' adaptation (NENA). PT partially mediated the relationship between OC and NENA and between AIC and NENA.
CONCLUSIONS: The results could be useful to nursing authorities. We also recommend that a nurse's personality be developed, emphasised, and enhanced through continuous programmes or training to ensure that they can easily adapt to their new working environment. Furthermore, academic institution and work organisation collaboration should be encouraged to develop improvement cycles that facilitate newly employed nurses' prompt and efficient adaptation at MOH hospitals during transition.