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  1. Leh HE, Mohd Sopian M, Abu Bakar MH, Lee LK
    Ann Med, 2021 12;53(1):1059-1065.
    PMID: 34180336 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2021.1943515
    BACKGROUND: The use of lycopene as a complementary medicine for Type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is limited and controversial. This study evaluated the effect of lycopene intake on the changes of glycaemic status and antioxidant capacity among the T2DM patients.

    PATIENTS AND METHODS: This case-control study involved the participation of 87 patients and 122 healthy individuals. Lycopene intake was assessed by using a food frequency questionnaire. The peripheral antioxidant capacity among the T2DM patients was evaluated. Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) were measured as indications of glycaemic status.

    RESULTS: Peripheral antioxidant capacity was significantly lower in the T2DM group. Direct positive correlations were found between the lycopene intake and peripheral antioxidant level among the T2DM patients. Contrarily, HbA1c and FPG levels decreased significantly with the higher lycopene intake.

    CONCLUSIONS: T2DM patients with a higher lycopene intake showed a greater peripheral antioxidant capacity and better glycaemic control. Lycopene may act to ameliorate oxidative stress and improve the pathophysiology of T2DM.

  2. Mohd Ariffin NA, Mohd Sopian M, Lee LK
    World J Diabetes, 2023 May 15;14(5):606-616.
    PMID: 37273251 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v14.i5.606
    BACKGROUND: Uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) may lead to microvascular complications (nephropathy, retinopathy, and neuropathy) and cardiovascular diseases. The beta-glucan content in grains has the potential to improve insulin sensitivity, lowering postprandial glucose response and reducing inflammation degrees. A proper combination of grains not only satisfies human body's need, but also provides essential and reasonable nutritional contents. However, no trial has been conducted to evaluate the roles of multigrain in T2DM.

    AIM: To determine the efficacy of multigrain supplementation among T2DM patients.

    METHODS: From October 2020 to June 2021, a total of 50 adults living with T2DM, who were receiving standard diabetes care at Day Care Clinic, were randomized into either a supplementation group or a control group. The supplementation group received twice daily 30 g multigrain supplement (equivalent to 3.4 g beta-glucan) with standard medication for 12 wk, while the control group was prescribed with standard medication. Parameters such as glycemic control (HbA1c, FPG, and HOMO-IR), cardiometabolic profile (lipid profile, renal function test, and liver function test), oxidative stress status, nutritional status, and quality of life (QoL) were assessed at two time points: Baseline and the end of the treatment period (week 12).

    RESULTS: The primary outcomes were the mean difference of glycated haemoglobin (%), fasting plasma glucose, and serum insulin as intervention effects. Secondary outcomes included the measurement of cardiometabolic profile, antioxidative and oxidative stress status, nutritional status indices, and QoL. Tertiary outcomes involved the determination of safety and tolerability, and supplementation compliance.

    CONCLUSION: The present clinical trial will reveal the effectiveness of multigrain supplementation among T2DM patients for the improvement of diabetes management.

  3. Mohd Sopian M, Shaaban J, Mohd Yusoff SS, Wan Mohamad WMZ
    Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2018 Jun 25;19(6):1509-1514.
    PMID: 29936724
    Background: The incidence of cervical cancer in younger women remains high. This is worrisome as it affects
    future generations. Therefore Malaysia implements human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccination as a national vaccination
    program. Parents play an important role in determining the success of this HPV vaccination program among schoolaged
    girls by their compliance. Objective: To assess parental knowledge, decision-making and acceptance of HPV
    vaccination. Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted among 280 randomly selected parents of primary
    school students aged 11 in Kota Bharu using a pre-validated self-administered questionnaire to assess knowledge and
    decision-making with regard to HPV vaccination. Results: Most parents (62%) were shown to have poor knowledge
    while most decision-making was shared. Age of respondents (adjusted odds ratio ‘AOR’= 1.09; 95% confidence interval
    ‘CI’= 1.04-1.14; p <0.001) and good knowledge of HPV vaccination (AOR= 16.32; 95% CI= 7.32-36.4; p <0.001) were
    significantly associated with HPV vaccine acceptance. Conclusion: The majority of parents exhibited poor knowledge
    which may affect their decision-making and uptake of HPV vaccination among their children. This highlights the need
    to better educate parents on HPV vaccination.
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