MyMedR

Displaying all 5 publications

Abstract:

Sort:

Selective breeding in fish and conservation of genetic resources for aquaculture

Lind CE, Ponzoni RW, Nguyen NH, Khaw HL

Reprod. Domest. Anim., 2012 Aug;47 Suppl 4:255-63.
PMID: 22827379 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2012.02084.x

To satisfy increasing demands for fish as food, progress must occur towards greater aquaculture productivity whilst retaining the wild and farmed genetic resources that underpin global fish production. We review the main selection methods that have been developed for genetic improvement in aquaculture, and discuss their virtues and shortcomings. Examples of the application of mass, cohort, within family, and combined between-family and within-family selection are given. In addition, we review the manner in which fish genetic resources can be lost at the intra-specific, species and ecosystem levels and discuss options to best prevent this. We illustrate that fundamental principles of genetic management are common in the implementation of both selective breeding and conservation programmes, and should be emphasized in capacity development efforts. We highlight the value of applied genetics approaches for increasing aquaculture productivity and the conservation of fish genetic resources.
Fulltext Beyond hot flashes: Exploring the role of estrogen therapy in postmenopausal women for myocardial infarction prevention and recovery

Choradia A, Bai K, Soni S, Nguyen N, Adhikari S, Kaur Rahul D, et al.

Biomol Biomed, 2024 Jan 03;24(1):4-13.
PMID: 37650466 DOI: 10.17305/bb.2023.9535

Myocardial infarction (MI) commonly known as "heart attack" results from the blockage of blood flow to the heart. Postmenopausal women face an elevated risk of MI due to declining estrogen levels, a hormone pivotal in maintaining cardiovascular health. It promotes vasodilation, reduce inflammation, and improves lipid profiles. While estrogen therapy shows promise in mitigating MI risk for postmenopausal woman, its efficacy in prevention and recovery remains a subject of debate. This review provides a critical assessment of existing evidence on estrogen therapy's cardioprotective effects for postmenopausal women. It delves into estrogen's role in vascular function enhancement, inflammation reduction, and lipid metabolism modulation. Additionally, it addresses the various forms of estrogen therapy, administration methods, dosage considerations, safety implications, and associated risks. The review highlights the existing controversies and knowledge gaps related to estrogen therapy for MI prevention. It underscores the urgency for in-depth research to decipher the nexus between estrogen therapy and MI risk, especially concerning primary prevention and specific postmenopausal subgroups. Future studies should investigate optimal formulations, doses, and administration routes of estrogen therapy as well as assess treatment timing and duration. Comparative studies and long-term follow-up are necessary to inform clinical decision-making and improve patient care. Addressing these research gaps will empower clinicians to make more judicious choices about estrogen therapy for MI prevention and recovery in postmenopausal women, aiming for enhanced patient outcomes.
Practical Strategies for Improving Sustainability and Scale-up of Noncommunicable Disease-related Public Health Interventions: Lessons from the Better Health Program in Southeast Asia

Haregu T, Lim SC, Miranda M, Pham CT, Nguyen N, Suya I, et al.

WHO South East Asia J Public Health, 2023;12(1):15-37.
PMID: 37843178 DOI: 10.4103/WHO-SEAJPH.WHO-SEAJPH_140_22

INTRODUCTION: The Better Health Program has been addressing key health system issues in the prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) in Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam, and the Philippines. As the program comes to an end, the sustainability and scaling-up of issues have assumed importance.
OBJECTIVES: The objective is to assess how well sustainability and scale-up strategies have been integrated into the design and implementation of a 3-year multicountry technical program; to explore enablers and barriers of sustainability and scaling up; and to identify practical strategies that can improve sustainability and scale-up of Better Health Program interventions.
METHODS: We applied a staged approach to explore barriers and enablers and to identify practical strategies to improve sustainability and scale-up of four NCD interventions: community-based obesity prevention, front-of-pack labeling, local learning networks (LLNs), and NCD surveillance. We extracted evidence from peer-reviewed literature and local documents. We also conducted in-depth interviews with the implementation teams and key stakeholders. We conducted a thematic synthesis of the resulting information to identify practical strategies that improve sustainability and scale-up of the four interventions.
RESULTS: Strong engagement of stakeholders at higher levels of the health system was identified as the main enabler, while limited funding and commitment from local governments were identified as a key barrier to sustainability and scale-up. Strengthening the social and institutional anchors of community health volunteers, enhancing evidence-based advocacy for front-of-pack labeling, trailblazing the LLN innovation, and securing the commitment of local governments in the implementation of NCD surveillance were among the key strategies for improving sustainability and scale-up of Better Health Program interventions in Malaysia, Thailand, Philippines, and Vietnam, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS: This study identified practical strategies for improving sustainability and scale-up of NCD-related interventions. Implementation of the strategies that had high priority and feasibility will improve the sustainability of critical elements of the program in the respective countries.
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided tissue acquisition with or without macroscopic on-site evaluation: randomized controlled trial

Chong CCN, Lakhtakia S, Nguyen N, Hara K, Chan WK, Puri R, et al.

Endoscopy, 2020 10;52(10):856-863.
PMID: 32498098 DOI: 10.1055/a-1172-6027

BACKGROUND: The use of macroscopic on-site evaluation (MOSE) to estimate the adequacy of a specimen for histological diagnosis during endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided fine-needle tissue acquisition (FNTA) has recently been advocated. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic yield of MOSE compared with conventional EUS-FNTA without rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE).
METHODS: This was an international, multicenter, prospective, randomized controlled study. After providing informed consent, consecutive adult patients referred for EUS-FNTA for solid lesions larger than 2 cm were randomized to a MOSE arm or to a conventional arm without ROSE. A designated cytopathologist from each center performed all cytopathological examinations for that center and was blinded to the randomization results. The primary outcome measure was the diagnostic yield, and the secondary outcomes included sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, diagnostic accuracy, and the rate of procedure-related complications.
RESULTS: 244 patients (122 conventional, 122 MOSE) were enrolled during the study period. No significant differences between the two arms were found in procedure time or rate of procedure-related adverse events. The diagnostic yield for the MOSE technique (92.6 %) was similar to that for the conventional technique (89.3 %; P = 0.37), with significantly fewer passes made (median: conventional 3, MOSE 2; P
[2021 Asian Pacific Society of Cardiology Consensus Recommendations on the use of P2Y12 receptor antagonists in the Asia-Pacific Region: Special populations]

Tan WEICHIEHTAN, Chew PCHEW, Tsui LAMTSUI, Tan TAN, Duplyakov DUPLYAKOV, Hammoudeh HAMMOUDEH, et al.

Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi, 2023 Jan 24;51(1):19-31.
PMID: 36655238 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112148-20220729-00588