Neuroscience is a discipline in cycling performance that has become increasingly significant as its methodologies have developed and progressed. The methodological approach incorporated with technological advancements such as electroencephalogram (EEG) contributes to vast novelty in the area of sports neuroscience. As the nature of cycling performance works much with human and mechanical components associated with cardiovascular function and muscular force production, it directly involves the elements of neurophysiology and neuromechanics in applying sports science towards cycling performances. The integration of these two sub-disciplines of neuroscience is connected with brain activity function. Therefore, the authors aimed to develop a conceptual framework integrating brain activity into a physiological and biomechanical function primarily for cycling performance. This conceptual framework will offer a direction for future studies related to brain activity, neurophysiology and neuromechanics.