METHODS: TRIPLE-A-Stiffness, an international multicentre prospective longitudinal study, enrolled >2000 subjects ≥40 years old at 32 centres from 18 European countries. Of these, 1250 subjects (55% women) were followed for a median of 3.82 (2.81-4.69) years.
FINDINGS: Unadjusted cumulative incidence rates of outcomes according to CAVI stratification were higher in highest stratum (CAVI > 9). Cox regression with adjustment for age, sex, and cardiovascular risk factors revealed that CAVI was associated with increased cardiovascular morbimortality (HR 1.25 per 1 increase; 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.03-1.51) and all-cause mortality (HR 1.37 per 1 increase; 95% CI: 1.10-1.70) risk in subjects ≥60 years. In ROC analyses, CAVI optimal threshold was 9.25 (c-index 0.598; 0.542-0.654) and 8.30 (c-index 0.565; 0.512-0.618) in subjects ≥ or <60 years, respectively, to predict increased CV morbimortality. Finally, age, mean arterial blood pressure, anti-diabetic and lipid-lowering treatment were independent predictors of yearly CAVI progression adjusted for baseline CAVI.
INTERPRETATION: The present study identified additional value for CAVI to predict outcomes after adjustment for CV risk factors, in particular for subjects ≥60 years. CAVI progression may represent a modifiable risk factor by treatments.
FUNDING: International Society of Vascular Health (ISVH) and Fukuda Denshi, Japan.
METHODS: This study utilized data from the APPROACH-IS-II project which included 8415 patients from 32 countries (collected between 2019 and 2022). Patients completed questionnaires on patient characteristics (i.e., age, sex, marital status, employment, education, ethnicity, NYHA class, and CHD complexity), illness identity, and patient-reported outcomes (i.e., depressive symptoms, anxiety, quality of life, self-perceived [mental and physical] health). National culture was included using Hofstede's cultural dimensions. Data were analyzed using multivariable generalized linear mixed models.
RESULTS: Inter-country variation was observed in the illness identity dimensions. Patient characteristics (i.e., sex, age, marital status, employment, education, NYHA class, and CHD complexity) and national culture were related to differences in how patients related their CHD to their identity. Acceptance and enrichment were related to better well-being, quality of life, and self-perceived health, while engulfment and rejection were associated with worse patient-reported outcomes.
CONCLUSIONS: Personal and contextual factors were associated with differences in the illness identity dimensions. Moreover, the present study substantiated the unique value of illness identity dimensions in explaining individual differences in well-being, quality of life, and self-perceived health in this population.