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  1. Fulltext Modeling the potential public health impact of different vaccination strategies with an omicron-adapted bivalent vaccine in Malaysia
    Thakkar K, Spinardi J, Kyaw MH, Yang J, Mendoza CF, Dass M, et al.
    Expert Rev Vaccines, 2023;22(1):714-725.
    PMID: 37548520 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2023.2245465
    BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) case numbers have increased following the emergence of the Omicron variant. This study estimated the impact of introducing and increasing the coverage of an Omicron-adapted bivalent booster vaccine in Malaysia.

    RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A combined cohort Markov decision tree model was used to compare booster vaccination with an Omicron-adapted bivalent COVID-19 vaccine versus no booster vaccination in Malaysia. The model utilized age-specific data from January 2021 to March 2022 derived from published sources. The outcomes of interest included case numbers, hospitalizations, deaths, medical costs, and productivity losses. The population was stratified into high-risk and standard-risk subpopulations, and the study evaluated the benefits of increased coverage in different age and risk groups.

    RESULTS: Vaccinating only high-risk individuals and those aged ≥ 65 years was estimated to avert 274,313 cases, 33229 hospitalizations, 2,434 deaths, Malaysian ringgit (MYR) 576 million in direct medical costs, and MYR 579 million in indirect costs. Expanding vaccination coverage in the standard-risk population to 75% was estimated to avert more deaths (31%), hospitalizations (155%), infections (206%), direct costs (206%), and indirect costs (281%).

    CONCLUSIONS: These findings support broader population Omicron-adapted bivalent booster vaccination in Malaysia with potential for significant health and economic gains.

  2. Fulltext Pneumococcal serotype prevalence and antibiotic resistance in children in South and Southeast Asia, 2012-2024
    Lin TY, Chiu CH, Woo PC, Razak Muttalif A, Dhar R, Choon Kit L, et al.
    Hum Vaccin Immunother, 2024 Dec 31;20(1):2417554.
    PMID: 39478351 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2417554
    This narrative review describes pneumococcal serotype prevalence for invasive disease and carriage and antibiotic resistance among specimens collected from children in countries across South and Southeast Asia from 2012 to 2024. Literature search retrieved 326 articles; 96 were included. The prevalence of pneumococcal serotypes varied geographically and over time after introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. Serotypes common in both pneumococcal carriage and disease were 6A, 6B, 14, 15B/15C, 19F, and 23F; serotypes 1, 3, 5, 19A, 15A, 10A, and 35B were also common in disease. Most of these serotypes are included in the 13-valent and 10-valent PCV. Carriage and disease isolates remained generally highly susceptible to vancomycin (mostly 100%) and levofloxacin (mostly >97%). These findings indicate that vaccine-preventable serotypes contribute significantly to pneumococcal disease burden in children in South and Southeast Asia. Consistency of national immunization programs with World Health Organization recommendations may reduce rates of pneumococcal disease in this region.
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