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  1. Fulltext Evaluating the roles of microRNAs associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in hepatocellular carcinoma tumorigenesis: a systematic review and network analysis
    Peng Q, Zhu X, Jiang Y, Peng M, Zheng D, Wang X, et al.
    Front Med (Lausanne), 2024;11:1462513.
    PMID: 39618816 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1462513
    INTRODUCTION: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the leading cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common malignancy worldwide, with high morbidity and mortality. The rapidly increasing incidence of NAFLD is becoming an essential precursor of HCC globally. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the progression of NAFLD and HCC.

    METHOD: Potential miRNAs associated with NAFLD in HCC tumorigenesis were identified through a systematic review, and their roles were evaluated by data mining analysis. The biological function of the potential miRNA and its target genes in NAFLD and HCC were evaluated by bioinformatic analysis.

    RESULT: MIR122 was identified as the potential miRNA associated with NAFLD and HCC. Then, MIR122 expression was significantly lower in HCC patients, and higher MIR122 levels were associated with significantly better overall survival. Next, the biological functions of MIR122 and target genes were predicted to be involved in inflammation, fibrosis, cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and apoptosis. In particular, the FOXO signaling pathway may regulate the above biological functions.

    CONCLUSION: MIR122 was suggested to be involved in progressing from NAFLD to HCC through the PI3K/AKT/FOXO pathway.

    SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO, identifier: CRD 42024517940.

  2. An eyecare foundation model for clinical assistance: a randomized controlled trial
    Wu Y, Qian B, Li T, Qin Y, Guan Z, Chen T, et al.
    Nat Med, 2025 Oct;31(10):3404-3413.
    PMID: 40877476 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-025-03900-7
    In the context of an increasing need for clinical assessments of foundation models, we developed EyeFM, a multimodal vision-language eyecare copilot, and conducted a multifaceted evaluation, including retrospective validations, multicountry efficacy validation as a clinical copilot and a double-masked randomized controlled trial (RCT). EyeFM was pretrained on 14.5 million ocular images from five imaging modalities paired with clinical texts from global, multiethnic datasets. Efficacy validation invited 44 ophthalmologists across North America, Europe, Asia and Africa in primary and specialty care settings, highlighting its utility as a clinical copilot. The RCT-a parallel, single-center, double-masked study-assessed EyeFM as a clinical copilot in retinal disease screening among a high-risk population in China. A total of 668 participants (mean age 57.5 years, 79.5% male) were randomized to 16 ophthalmologists, equally allocated into intervention (with EyeFM copilot) and control (standard care) groups. The primary endpoint indicated that ophthalmologists with EyeFM copilot achieved higher correct diagnostic rate (92.2% versus 75.4%, P 
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